Yintoni Eyathanda Ukuba Ngumntwana Wokubantwana Ngo-Autism?

Abazali Benza Ilungelo Labo Bantwana Bomntwana We-Autistic Child

Abantakwabo babantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa baneengxaki ezikhethekileyo-kunye nabantakwabo babantwana abane-autism abafani. Kodwa njengokuba kukho konke okuhlobene ne- autism , nganye imeko ihlukile. Kwabanye abantakwabo, ubomi kunye nomzalwana okanye uodade onobungqina bunokuba nzima kakhulu. Kwabanye, kunokwakheka nokuhla. Kukho nabantwana abathile abona i-autism yomntakwethu njengenxalenye yokubambisa.

Nangona kukho ukungafani, kunjalo, kukho amava kunye nemingeni.

Iingxaki eziphezulu ezijongene nabantwana bakowenu

Ingaba umntakwabo ophethe i-autistic child ocebileyo okanye ohluphekileyo, oswele okanye oxhalabileyo, kukho imingeni ethile ekhoyo.

1. Ukunyaniseka. Le yenye yeyona mingeni enzima kakhulu kuba iyinyani-kwaye ayinakukuphepha. Abantwana, xa bebesebenzela inkulisa, bayabantu abagwebayo. Kwaye, ngokungafani nabantu abadala, banesibophelelo sokwenza isigwebo ngokuzwakalayo, esidlangalaleni. Akukho umntwana okhulayo olula okanye ocolileyo ukuva oontanga bakhe babuza "Yintoni ephosakeleyo nomzalwana wakho?" okanye uve "udade wakho ukhululekile!" Kodwa ngumntwana onqabile kakhulu ongazange azive ezo mpendulo. Njengoko bekhulile, abantakwabo baya kufuna ukuphinda babuyele kule ngxaki xa bezisa abahlobo basekhaya, bafumane umlingane okanye batshata.
2. Izinketho ezimiselweyo. Xa umntakwenu ephethe i-autism, yonke intsapho iya kulungelelanisa. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana okhulayo ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufuneka adibanise ngaphezulu, athi "cha" ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwaye ugobe kwiimfuno zabo ezingaqhelekanga kunye neemfuno zabo. Ngokomzekelo, abantakwabo abaqhelekileyo kufuneka bajonge ifilimu efanayo, ngama-50, baye ekhaya ukusuka kwisiganeko ngaphambi kokuba balungele, okanye bathi "cha" ukuphosa iqela-nje ukuze bafumane umzalwana wabo okanye udadewabo. Njengoko bekhula, abantakwabo banokufumana ukuba abazali babo banexesha elincinci okanye imali yokunceda kwikholejini, ukuthenga ikhaya, "ukwenza" umtshato, njalonjalo.

1. Okulindelekileyo Kakhulu. Xa kukho ilungu leentsapho ezikhubazekileyo, amanye amalungu entsapho kufuneka anyuke kwi-plate-kwaye equka abantakwabo. Abantakwabo bomntwana we-autistic (nangona basemncinci kakhulu) banokucelwa ukuba baphathe iimvakalelo zabo neemfuno zabo, bathathe imisebenzi emininzi yendlu, okanye bayeke ukuzonwabisa kwabo. Njengabantu abadala, abantakwabo bangadinga ukuthatha uxanduva oluninzi lwabazalwana abazenzekelayo njengoko abazali babo bengakwazi.

Kutheni Okwenza Izinto Zethu Zibonakaliswe Ngokwahlukileyo Kwaye

Ewe, kukho imiba ekwabelwana ngayo-kodwa kukho ukuhlukana okukhulu phakathi koonyana baka-autistic abantwana. Ukuba udibanisa iqela labafundi abakhulisa abantwana abane-autistic siblings, uya kuva ezinye izinto ezibonakalayo, ezixhalabileyo kunye nemingeni. Nasi isizathu:

Izingane ezigunyazayo zihluke kakhulu komnye .

Ngenxa yokuba i-autism yinkinga ebanzi, abantwana abane-autistic kunye nabaselula bangabonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, abantakwabo bangakufumana kulula okanye kunzima kakhulu ukuhlala kwindlu efanayo. Umzekelo:

• Umntakwabo A uhlala nomzalwana othi, nangona "mncinane", unomdla kakhulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo, uhlala ehlala kwiingcali ze-Disney kwaye akanalo abahlobo bakhe-kwaye ewe, ngokukhawuleza uyancibilika ngenxa yesizathu esicacileyo. Kodwa unomusa, uyanyamekela, kwaye uyonwabela ezininzi iifilimu kunye nemisebenzi efana nomntakwabo. Ewe, kukho imingeni-kodwa abavakalelwa kukuba banzima. Enyanisweni, banokuthi babe ngeyona ndlela eqaqambileyo kunemingeni ehambelana nomphathi, olawulayo (kodwa okhulayo) umzalwana.
• ISiblings B uhlala noodade ongeyomlomo, onobundlobongela, kunye noxanduva lokutshatyalalisa izinto ezungeze indlu. Ngamanye amaxesha, uSibling B uyethusa ngokwenene ukhuseleko lwakhe. Akukho ndlela iSibling B yayiza kuzisa umhlobo endlwini, kwaye akukho nto yokuphuma nayo ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nonwabo nodadewabo. Ubomi ekhaya akufaneki nantoni na efana 'neyesiqhelo,' kunye nemingeni yokuphila kwengqondo nangokwenyama yinyani.

• ISiblings C uhlala nomzalwana onobuqilileyo, obunomdla, kunye nokuxhalabisa kakhulu . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umzalwana we-Sibling C autistic usele wayesebenzisa imidlalo yevidiyo kwiminyaka engama-8. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lo mzalwana uxhalabile kakhulu, unemiqobo engathandabuzekiyo, kwaye uyifumene ngokwenene ukuba abe semalini, i-movie showater, okanye nentsapho iqokelele. ISiblings C uyaziqhenya ngokufezekiswa komntakwabo, kodwa unokufumanisa kunzima ukuba nomzalwana wakhe, kwaye akaqinisekanga ukuba uya ku "phika." Ngenxa yoko, uyamphepha umntakwabo xa kunokwenzeka.

Abantakwabo bahluke omnye komnye.

Wonke umntwana uhlukile, kwaye iimpendulo zabantwana ngabanye ukuba babe ne-autistic sibling ziyahlukahluka.

Ngethuba umntwana omnye unokufumana amava azama kwaye anzima, omnye unokufumana ukuvuza.

Ngaba kulula ukuba ngumntwana omncinane okanye umntakwabo omdala ophethe i-autism? Kukho ups and downs nganye.

• Umntakwabo omncinane we-autistic child akakaze aphile ngaphandle kwe-autism ebomini bakhe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, oku kuthetha ukuba ufumanisa kulula ukulawula imingeni ezayo kunye ne-autistic sibling. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, unokufumana kunzima ukuzimisela ngaphakathi kwintsapho njengomntu eneemfuno zakhe, imingeni, iitalente kunye neempawu zobuntu.
• Umntakwabo omdala wengane ene-autism unokukhathazeka xa abazali bathatyathwa kubantwana abancinci abaneemfuno ezizodwa. Okanye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, unokufumanisa kulula ukulawula le meko kuba sele esele wayibeka indawo yakhe kwintsapho, isikolo kunye noluntu.

Iimpawu ezihlukeneyo kunye nobuntu buyakwenza umehluko omkhulu. Kwabanye abantakwabo, ukuhlala kunye nomntwana ongu-autistic kunokuba yintloni, ngelixa abanye beli thuba.

• Isibilini X sibuhlungu kakhulu kwaye sithukuthele lula. Ukuba nomntwana onobumba ukwenza izandi ezingaqhelekanga, ukuphinda aphindaphindiwe ngamazwi afanayo , kunye nokudibanisa kwisidlo sithumela ilungelo lakhe ngaphaya komda.
• U-Sibling Z unesihe kwaye uyonwabela ukufumana iindlela zokunceda udade wakhe we-autistic ukuba akwazi ukuhlangabezana nezimo ezinzima. Ngaphandle kokuziva ephazamiseke, uyavuya ngokwenene xa ecinga indlela yokunceda udade wakhe ukuba azinqabise, azibonakalise, aze asebenze nabanye.

Isimo sengqondo sentsapho kunye neemeko zihluke komnye.

I-Autism eceleni, iingqondo zentsapho kunye neemeko zinokuchaphazela kakhulu abantwana. Yongeza i-autism kumxube, kunye neengxaki zentsapho eziqhelekileyo, imingeni, amandla kunye nokuguquguquka kube yinto enkulu kakhulu. Kulo mzalwana okhulayo, iimpawu zabazali kunye neemvakalelo zingaba ngumthombo wokuzimela kunye namandla-okanye akunjalo. Umzekelo:

• Intsapho A ibandakanya umntwana ophethe i-autism. Abazali bomntwana bakhula ngakumbi kwaye basebenze kunye ukuze bafumane izikolo ezifanelekileyo, inkxaso kunye nenkxaso. Xa i-autism igxininisa bayaphendula ngokuzinzile, baphathe le meko, baze badibanise. Ngelo xesha, basebenza nzima ukuba baqiniseke ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo ukukhulisa abantakwabo baxhaswa esikolweni nakwimpilo yabo yoluntu-nangona ngezinye izikhathi kuthetha ukuba abahlobo okanye izithuthi zikawonkewonke ziyingxenye yokuxuba. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana engenazo i-autism angafunda ukuba imingeni ingadibana kwaye ilawulwe, kwaye loo mvalelo ayifaneleki ukuma endleleni yobomi obuthandayo, obunothando.
• Intsapho B ibandakanya umntwana ophethe i-autism. Abazali bomntwana basola omnye ngomnye nge-autism okanye kwimiphumo yakhe kwimpilo yentsapho kwaye, ngenxa yoko, bahlula. Omnye umzali uphefumlela ugcino lwabantwana bobabini kwaye unxunguke, unomsindo, kwaye udidekile. Xa i-autism igxininisa ekhaya, umzali uyaphuma emnyango okanye ahambe ecaleni . Ngenxa yoko, umntwana okhula ngokukhula ukhula kwiimeko ezixakekayo kwaye unokufunda ukuba imingeni ibangela ukuphazamiseka kwintsapho.

Imali yentsapho iyahluka.

Imali ayikwazi ukuthenga uthando, kodwa ingathenga izinto ezininzi kwiintsapho eziphila nge-autism. Ngelixa kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nemali encinci kwaye uqhubeke ulawula i-autism ngeemvakalelo ezimbalwa zengqondo, akulula.

Ubumpofu kunye ne-autism kungumxube obunzima kakhulu. Ewe, kukho izibonelelo ezifumanekayo kubazali abanezingane ezikhubazekileyo-kodwa ezo zixhobo zinzima ukufikelela, ukukhathazeka ukulawula, kwaye zinokuthi zinciphise kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yentsapho. Abazali abasebenza imisebenzi yehora abanalo ukuguquguquka okufunekayo ukutyelela ukhuseleko loluntu kunye nee-arhente zorhulumente ngelixa leentsuku zeveki. Abazali abangenayo iikhompyutheni zabo kunye nokufikelela kwi-intanethi abanalo izixhobo abayidingayo ukuze benze uphando kunye nokufumana iindlela zokwelapha, iinkonzo, okanye unyango.

Abazali abanemali ebalulekileyo banokuthenga indlela yokuphuma kwezinye zezi zinto ziphazamisayo. Ukuba basebenza kwimisebenzi yamanqanaba aphezulu, banakho ukuguquguquka kokuya kwiinkomfa, ukuya ezintlanganisweni, nokulawula i-arhente kunye neenzuzo. Ukuba abafanelanga ukufumana iinkonzo okanye bafunyanwa izicwangciso zemfundo ezifunwayo, banokuhlawula ababoneleli ngabangasese . Ukuba baziziva bexhalabile, banokuhlala behlawula ukunyamekela.

Ezi zintlukwano zichaphazela njani ukukhulisa abantakwabo? Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo:

• Ukuba imali iya kubonelela ngeenkonzo zomntwana ozimelayo, incinane ingasala abanye abantwana. Imali yeKholeji ingaya kwi-autism unyango, ngelixa i-mortgages yesibini inokuhlawula izikolo ezizodwa okanye ukunyamekela. Ngenxa yoko, umntakwabo oqhelekileyo unokuba nomsindo kubazali bobabini kunye ne-autistic sibling.
• Ukuba yonke ixesha elikhoyo lisetyenziselwa ukulawula iinkonzo okanye ukunyamekela umntwana we-autistic, umntakwabo unokuziva elahliwe okanye engahoywa. Oku, nako, kunokukhokelela ekukrakheni okanye kumsindo.
• Ukuba ngaba abazali baxinwa ngumlinganiselo wexesha kunye namandla afunekayo ekulawuleni iinkonzo kumntwana ozimelayo, banako ukufumana amandla amaninzi ukuze bancedise ngomsebenzi wesikolo, ukuqeqesha, ukutshisa okanye ezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo zabazali.
• Abazali abanalo ixesha elifutshane okanye imali abaninzi abanakho izibonelelo abayidingayo ukuze bahlale bexhomekeke kwimisebenzi yabantwana kunye neemfuno zabo. Basenokungazi iingxaki esikolweni, imiba yeemvakalelo, okanye iimpawu zokuziphatha ezinobungozi.

Ukulindela okubekwa kubantakwabo bahluka.

Yintoni ekulindelwe kumntwana onobantwana be-autistic? Impendulo iya kuxhomekeka kwixabiso lobukhulu bentsapho, imali, imvelaphi yenkcubeko kunye nokuzinza kwengqondo. Impendulo iya kutshintsha njengoko i-autistic kunye neyabantwana abaqhelekileyo bekhula-kwaye abazali abanako ukuphatha izinto ngokwabo.

• Kwintsapho enkulu eyongezelelekileyo, kunokubakho abantu abaninzi abanokukwazi kwaye banqwenela ukunceda ukunakekela umntwana ongu-autistic. Kwintsapho encinane kakhulu, umntwana okhulayo angacelwa ukuba athathe uxanduva olubalulekileyo kwi-autistic sibling. Oku kulindeleke kunyuke njengoko abazali bebudala, kwimeko apho umntakwabo oqhelekileyo kulindeleke ukuba abe ngumnakekeli omdala "kumntwana" omdala.
• Kwintsapho ecebileyo, kunokunokwenzeka ukuhlawula ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zokunyamekela okanye ukuxhasa abantu abahlala nge-autism. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, eli nqanaba lenkxaso linokubonelelwa ngearhente. Kwiimeko ezininzi, nangona kunjalo, ngabazali nabancedisi abanokuxhasa abanokunika inkxaso nge-24/7. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba umntakwabo ogunyazisiweyo ufuna ukuxhaswa kwe-24/7, kunethuba elihle umntakweno uya kufuneka ukuba anikezele-ubuncinane ixesha elithile.
• Kwisiko samhlanje saseMelika, akuqhelekanga ukuba amalungu entsapho ahambe ngendlela yawo. Abantakwabo basenokungena kwilizwe okanye kwihlabathi, ngelixa abazali beqhubeka bekhathalela "umntwana" omdala nge autism. Kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi (okanye kwiindawo ezisemfudumeni), iintsapho zihlala zisondelene. Xa iintsapho zihlala ziphantse, zinokuthi zithwale ubuncinane umthwalo othile ngomntwana ophethe i-autism njengoko ekhula.

Indlela Yokunceda Umntwana Wakho Okhulayo Ngokuqhelekileyo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko zakho, kunye naluphi na ubuchule nemingeni yomntwana wakho we-autistic, kubalulekile ukugcina iimfuno zakho ezikhulayo zezingane. Le nto, nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukukhubazeka kwintsapho akusoloko kuyinto embi. Ukubonelelwa ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo, umntwana onomntwana ophethe i-autistic sibonelela unamandla amakhulu. Uvelwano, uxanduva, ukulungelelanisa, ubuchule kunye nobubele bunokuvela kuwo onke amava.

Nazi ezinye izicwangciso zokuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho oqhelekileyo unempembelelo emihle:

1. Ukuphatha i-autism njengenxalenye yobomi-into yokuyiqonda nokuphendula, kunokuba yinto engakuphepha ukuthetha okanye ukucinga ngayo. Fundisa bonke abantwana bakho malunga nokuba yiyiphi i-autism, kwaye yintoni into engekho.
2. Phatha bonke abantwana bakho ngenhlonipho, kwaye uhloniphe imodeli yengane yakho ye-autistic.
3. Qaphela ukuba umntwana wakho okhulayo ufuna ukunakwa kunye nothando lwakho, kwaye ubambe nayiphi na imizuzu onokuyiphulaphula, ukwabelana, ukuzonwabisa, ukulungisa ingxaki okanye ukuphuma nje.
4. Yazi ukuba umntwana wakho okhulayo uhlangabezana neemfuno ezingavamile, kwaye uqaphele imingeni abajongene nayo kwaye bayinqobe.
5. Yenza ixesha elikhethekileyo "thina nje" ngamaxesha akho umntwana okhulayo. Unokudinga ukurhweba kunye neqabane lakho, kodwa oko kunokuba ngcono.
6. Cwangcisa phambili kwiimfuno zakho zomntwana, kwaye wazi indlela oya kujongana ngayo neemeko ngaphambi kokuvela. Oku kusebenza kwimibandela emincinci (siya kwenza ntoni ukuba umntwana wethu ophethwe yi-autistic adibanise kwi-mall?) Kunye nemingeni emikhulu (njani eya kunceda umntwana wethu oqhelekileyo ukulawula iindleko zeekholeji?). Akufuneki uhlale unamathela kwiintshukumo zomntwana wakho, kodwa ufuna isicwangciso.
7. Qiniseka kwaye unokwethenjelwa. Kungaba nzima ukuhlala kunye nomntakwabo, kodwa kunzima ukuhlala kunye neengxabano okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Abaninzi abakhulisa abantwana banokulungelelanisa neemeko ezinzima xa beziva bekhuselekile kwaye banakekelwa.
8. Mamela umntwana wakho okhulayo, kwaye ubukele nayiphi na imiqondiso yokuxhalabisa, ukuxinezeleka, okanye ukuziphatha okumngcipheko.
9. Yazi xa umntwana wakho oqhelekileyo akufuna, kwaye ufumane indlela yokuba khona. Oku kungadinga ukufowunelwa kweso sihlandlo okanye ukuxubusha imali eyongezelelweyo ngexesha elide-kodwa lithetha ihlabathi kumntwana wakho.
10. Fumana uncedo xa ufuna. Imibutho efana ne-Siblings ye-Autism, iProjektic Support Support, kunye neSibs Journeyare nje zikhetho ezimbalwa. Hlola ngezixhobo zendawo ukuze ufumane amaqela enkxaso, ukuphucula, kunye neenkqubo.

> Imithombo:

> Petalas, MA, Hastings, RP, Nash, S. et al. Uhlobo oluthile kunye nokuhlukana okufihlakeleyo kwi-Sibling Ubudlelane: Izinto ezenzeka kwi-Adolescents With Autism. J Child Child Stud (2015) 24: 38.

> Schopler, uEric et al, AbaHleli. Iziphumo ze-Autism kwiNtsapho. EU.SA: I-Springer Science & Media Media, Juni 29, 2013.

> Tomeny, T. et al. Ukusebenza Kwemvakalelo Nokuziphatha Kweentombi Zabantwana Abakhulu Nge-Autism Impectrum Disorder: Iimbopheleleko ze-ASD Inzima, Uxinezeleko lwabazali kunye neMeko yoMtshato. Uphando kwi-Autism Spectrum Disorders, uMqulu 32, ngoDisemba 2016, iphepha 130-142.

> Walton, K. et al. Ulungiso lwezengqondo kunye nobudlelwane beSiblings kubantwana boonyana be-Autism Spectrum Disorder: Ingozi kunye nezinto ezikhuselayo. Umbhalo we-Autism kunye neNtlupheko yoPhuhliso, ngoSeptemba 2015, uMqulu 45, Issue 9, iphepha 2764-2778.