Iintlobo zeNgculaba ye-Lung kwi-Non-Smokers vs Abantu abaTshisayo
Luphi uhlobo lomhlaza womphunga oqhelekileyo kubantu abangabhemi? Makhe sijonge impendulo yalo mbuzo, kunye nokuba kutheni umhlaza wemiphunga ungasahlukanga kubantu abangazange bashiye. Kodwa okokuqala, ukuba ubuza lo mbuzo, kubalulekile ukukunika eziphakamileyo ezintlanu. Abantu abaninzi abaqapheli ukuba umhlaza wamaphaphu unokwenzeka kunye nabangaphambili ababhemayo kwaye abatshitshisiyo, kwaye abo baqaphelayo, basesikweni esingcono sokuqonda iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga ukuba kufuneka zenzeke.
I-Cancer Cancer kwi-Non-Smokers
Umdlavuza womlenze awuqhubi nje kuphela kubantu abangazange bashiye umdlavuza kodwa ababhemayo abangabangela isisithupha esichukumisayo somdla wokubulawa komhlaza eMelika. Xa uxoxela impendulo kumbuzo malunga neentlobo zamanomdla emiphunga e-smoking-smokers, it's helpful to distinguish between "abangabhemi" kwaye "bangabhemi" xa bavavanya amanani. Udidi lwabantu abangabhemi luquka ababini ababhemayo nabantu abavuthayo ngexesha elinye kodwa ngoku bayeka (abafudume bebhema.) Ixesha elingabikho ababhemayo libhekiselele kubantu abaye babhema ugwayi 100 okanye ngaphantsi kwexesha lokuphila kwabo.
Ngexesha langoku, ama-10 ukuya kwe-15 ekhulwini labantu abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu abasoze batshaya, kwaye abangaphezu kwama-50 ekhulwini ababeshushu. Kuphela phakathi kwama-20 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini (kuxhomekeke kwisifundo kunye nommandla wendawo) ababhemayo abasebenza. Ukongezwa ndawonye, uninzi lwabantu abangabhemi ngexesha lokuxilongwa komhlaza wemiphunga.
Ukubuyiselwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo, abantu ababhemayo abasebenza ngethuba lokuxilongwa komhlaza wabo wamaphaphu basemncinci.
Ukuze uchaze iintlobo zomhlaza womphunga oqhelekileyo kubantu abangabhemi, makhe sijonge iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wemiphunga.
I-Can-Small Cell Lung Cancer vs I-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu: umhlaza ongaphantsi weseli wamaphaphu kunye nomhlaza omncinci wesifo samangcwaba.
Ezi ntlobo zithiwa ngokubhekisele kubonakala kwintsholongwane yomhlaza phantsi kwe-microscope, kunye neekliniki ezincinci zeseli zenziwe, akumangalisi, ezincinci, ezibonakalayo ezingekho ngokwemvelo zamaseli emiphunga.
Ama- akhawunti angaphantsi komnxeba wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu angama-85 ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini lamanomdla emiphunga kunye noluhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu ongenakubhema. Kwakhona, ngenxa yamanani, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu esifumaneka kubantu ababhema. Ingxelo yomhlaza womnxeba omncinci i-10% ukuya kwe-15 yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwaye unxulumene kakhulu nokutshaya. Kucingelwa ukuba kuphela malunga neepesenti enye zabantu abahlakulela olu hlobo lomhlaza wesifo samaphaphu abazange bashiye.
Iintlobo zee-Can-Small Lung Cancers and Status Smoking
Umhlaza wesifo se-cell ummangali ungaphantsi uhlahlelwe kwiintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo:
Uhlobo lwe- adenocarcinoma luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-cell non-small cell cell cancer, kwaye luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamaphaphu olutholekileyo kubini abangabhemi nabokutshaya. Kwakhona luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabasetyhini kunye nabaselula abasemdlavuza wemiphunga .
I-adenocarcinoma ye-Lung i-30 engamaphesenti angamaphesenti angama-30 emiphunga emiphunga emasimini, kunye nama-40 ekhulwini abesifayeli ababhemayo. Ngokwahlukileyo, olu hlobo lwe-tumor akhawunti engama-60 ekhulwini lomdlavuza wamaphaphu kumadoda angabhiyi kunye nama-80 ekhulwini lomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabasetyhini abangabhemi.
Ezinye iintlobo zesifo somhlaza wesifo samangqamuzana esingekho esincinci sichaza i- squamous cell carcinoma yemiphunga e-akhawunti engama-25 ukuya kuma-30 eepesenti ezingamancinci ezinomdlavuza wamaphaphu omhlaza kunye nomhlaza omkhulu wamangqamu omnxeba okhoyo kwi-10 ukuya kwi-15 ekhulwini ye-cell cell. i cancer. Ezi khansela ziza zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaye bavutha. Ayikho yonke imingcingo echazwe ngokuchanekileyo ngenye yalezi zincinci, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba i-tumor isifo semiphunga ibe nemimandla ye-lung adenocarcinoma kunye ne-squamous cell carcinoma ("i-adenosquamous"), kunye nezinye izidibaniso zeempawu zesisu.
Kutheni Abantu Abokubhema Nabangabhemi Bakhula Iintlobo Ezihlukeneyo Zengqungqungqungqomvu?
Ukwahlukana okukhoyo kwimimandla yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ebonwa ngabantu ababhemayo nabangabhemi bangabhekiswa kwimimandla ethile yemiphunga echaphazelekayo ngumdlavuza womhlaza wamaphaphu, nokuba ingaba ngumsi wecuba, i- radon gas , iikhemikhali zomsebenzi okanye enye ukutyhila.
Inokuthi inxulumene nohlobo lomonakalo (utshintsho lwe-DNA) olubangelwa yi-carcinogens ethile. Ngalesi sikhathi lo mbuzo uhlala ungaphenduliwe.
Kuyathakazelisa ukubonisa ukuba ngokudibanisa kwezihlunu kwiisigarethi, iintlobo eziqhelekileyo kunye neendawo zeengcingo zomdlavuza zitshintshile. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, iintsholongwane ezinjenge-squamous cell cell non-small cell cell lung cancer kunye nomdlavuza omncinci wesifo somnxeba wawuqhelekileyo. Ezi khansela zivame ukuqala kwiindawo ezinzulu zokungena emiphakeni (i-bronchi.) Emva kokucoca, i-lung adenocarcinoma yaba yinto eqhelekileyo. Ezi khansela zivame ukuphakama kunye kunye neendlela ezincinci zomoya ezihamba emiphakeni. Ingcamango kukuba ukongezwa kwezihlunu kwiigayibhi kubangele iincinci ezincinci (i-carcinogens) zifakwe ngaphakathi kwaye zifakwe ngaphakathi kwi-airways, ngelixa ngaphandle kwezicatshulwa, iinqununu ezinkulu ziza kubanjwa kwi-airways enkulu.
Ezinye iindlela ezithintela ngayo umdlavuza weLung e-Non-Smokers
Umdlavuza womlenze kwi-non-smokers isifo esihlukileyo ngeendlela ezininzi. Ezinye zezo ntlukwano zihlobene neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wemiphunga. Ngokomzekelo, amancinci amancinci omnxeba wamangqamuzana, uhlobo oluthe luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaye batshaya, baphathwa ngokugqithisileyo kunamancinci amancinci omnxeba wamaseli. Nangona kunjalo phakathi kwabantu abanayo uhlobo olufanayo lwesifo, umzekelo, umphunga adenocarcinoma, kukho ukungafani nokuziphatha komhlaza phakathi kwabantu abaye bavutha kunye nabangabhema.
Abangabhimiyo banokuthi banokuguqulwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ezifana nokuguqulwa kwe-EGFR, ukulungiswa kwe-ALK, okanye ukulungiswa kwe-ROS1. Ngokwahlukileyo, abantu abaye bavutha banokuthi baphendule bhetele kwi-immunotherapy drugs. Imithi e-Immunotherapy etholakalayo ukunyanga umdlavuza wamaphaphu ibonakala isebenza ngcono xa kukho utshintsho oluthe xaxa kumaseli omhlaza, kwaye iiseli zomhlaza zabantu abaye bavutha zivame ukuguquka kwamanye amaninzi.
Ngaphantsi kwimeko yokubhema kunye nohlobo lwe-Cancer Lung
Umdlavuza womlenze ungahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke ekubeni umntu utshaya osebenzayo, owayengumtsha wokutshaya, okanye angabikho ababhemayo, kwaye enye yezo ntlukwano ikhona kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaza wemiphunga oqhelekileyo. I-adenocarcinoma ye-Lung, uhlobo lomhlaza wesifo somnxeba ongeyomncinci luqhelekile kubantu abangafuni ukutshaya, ngelixa abantu ababhemayo banakho ukuvelisa umdlavuza omncinci wamaphaphu okanye umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangcwaba, olunye uhlobo lwesifo somhlaza wesifo samangqamuzana.
> Imithombo:
> Alberg, A., Brock, M., noJ. Ford. Epidemiology yeLung Cancer. Ukuxilongwa kunye nokuLawula i-Lung Cancer, umhla we-3: Ikholeji yaseMerika yase-Chest Physicians Izikhokelo zoLwazi oluSebenzayo lwezonyango. Esifubeni . 2013. 143 (5 iNcediso): e1S-e29S.