Intsholongwane ye-sinus (sinusitis) inokuphuhliswa emva kokuvutha kwesono ngenxa yokubanda okanye ukugula. I-sinusitis enobuchule idlulela iintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwiiveki ezine kwaye inokuba ne-virus okanye ibhaktheriya. Xa ukuvuvukala kunye neempawu ezidlulileyo ezili-12 okanye ngaphezulu kweeveki, kuthiwa yi- sinusitis engapheliyo kwaye idla ngenxa yokuvuvukala okuqhubekayo, ukunyamezela, ukuvutha, okanye ukukhutshwa komzimba, kodwa kunokubangelwa usulelo lwefungal.
Bobabini abantwana kunye nabantu abadala banokuba ne-sinusitis enobuhlungu okanye engapheliyo. Ukufunda okungakumbi malunga nento ebangela ukuba izifo zonyango zinokukunceda ukuba uzikhusele-okanye ubuncinane uyazi ukuba kungenzeka ukuba umntu uhamba endleleni.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo
I-sinusitis eqhelekileyo iqalisa ngokusuleleka kwintsholongwane yokuphefumula, njengobanda obubandayo, obangela ukuvuvukala nokuxininisa kwiindinyana zomzimba kunye nezono. Ukunyuka kwamanzi, kufaka phakathi i-hay fever, kungabangela ukubola kwesifo. Xa iimbumba ezinamaqabunga kwiimonsi zivuthayo zivuba, zenza kube nzima ukuba zikhuphe. Ubisi obugqithiseleyo okanye i-mucus enqabileyo inokugubungela isono, kubangele uxinzelelo kunye nentlungu. Ukungakwazi kwamathambo ukucoca kunye nokungabikho kokungcola komoya kudala indawo efanelekileyo yokukhula kancinci.
I-Virus Virus Sinusitis
Kwi-sinusitis ye-viral yentsholongwane, intsholongwane eyenza ukusuleleka kwentsholongwane yokuphefumula isulele ii-sinus kwaye iyaqhubeka ikhiqiza i-mucus, ukuvuvukala kunye nokudibanisa.
Olu hlobo lwesifo sengqondo sesifo (sinou) sisifo sinokuhlala ixesha elide ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-10 ngaphambi kokuphucula.
I-Bacterial Sinusitis
Kwi-sinusitis ye-bacterial sinusitis, okanye i-bacbaial sinusitis, ibhaktheriya ekhula kwiimonsi ezinamaxesha ngoku ivelisa iimpawu eziqhubekayo. Usulelo lunokuthi luqaliswe ngentsholongwane, okanye ukudibanisa kwakungenxa yokuhlaselwa kwe-allergies okanye ezinye izibilini.
Ukuba iimpawu ziye zaqhubeka ngaphaya kweentsuku ezili-10 kwaye zingaphuculanga, okanye ziphucule, zaza zaba nzima kakhulu, mhlawumbi isifo se-bacteria sinus siphuhlisiwe.
I-Fungal Sinus Infection
Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba izimonyo zakho zitheleleke ngefungus. Olunye uhlobo lwentsholongwane ngumbhobho ongeyena-invasive, obangelwa yi- Aspergillus. I-fungus ifunyenwe emoyeni kodwa ayidla ngokuhlala ngaphakathi komzimba. Ubuninzi beeseli ezivuthayo ezifayo, i-muscus, kunye neengcola kwiimonsi zakho zivumela i-fungus ukuba iqale ukukhula apho, kodwa ayiyikuhlasela izicubu zakho eziphilayo. Oku kuvelisa i-sinusitis yeempawu zokungqubana kwamanzi, intloko yesifo kunye nesicingo se-sinus.
Ezinye iintlobo zefungi zingabakho emoyeni, kodwa azivami ukuhlasela izicubu eziphilayo. Xa besenza, intsholongwane ye-fungal sinus ingenzeka; Oku kudla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubantu abaneendlela zokuzivikela ezibuthathaka. Njengoko i-fungus ikhula ibangela iimpawu ezinzima njengoko zichaphazela izakhiwo ezikufuphi.
Olunye uhlobo lwesifo se-sinus, i-sinusitis ye-fungal invunifus sinusitis, iyenzeka ikakhulu eSudan, India, nasePakistan kwaye ichaphazela abantu ababonakala benesistim somzimba.
Izifo zesifo se-fungal sinus zihlala zingapheliyo (zihlala ixesha elide kuneenyanga ezintathu).
Kungaba nzima ukunyanga kwaye kungadinga ukunyangwa kwe- sinus kunye neyeza ezinomzimba wokulungisa.
Usulelo lweSinus
I-sinusitis engapheliyo inokuphuhliswa emva kokuphefumula okuphezulu okuphefumula kwintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, ikhonkco phakathi kwezi zifo kunye nesifo esiqhubekayo asicaci-kwaye intsholongwane ayinakuba yintoni ebangela ingxaki engapheliyo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusuleleka kwe-sinus engapheliyo ngenxa yokuvuvukala okungabangelwa ngumzimba okanye ukucaphukisa izinto ezivela emoyeni. Naluphi na ukugula okubangela ukuvuvukala okanye ukudibanisa kunokukhokelela kwisifo se-sinusitis, kodwa ukunyamezela kwizinto ezikhoyo unyaka-wonke (izilwanyana ezinothuli, izilwanyana zezilwanyana, i-mold, i-cockroaches) zinokuba nzima kakhulu.
Ngokukodwa, ukuxhamla kwiifungus kuyahambelana nokuphuhliswa kwe-sinusitis engapheliyo ngenxa yokuba i- fungal allergies yenza ukuba i-mucus ibe yinto enqabileyo. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zezifungulu ezenza ukuba le mizimba i- Alternaria , i- Cladosporium , i- Aspergillus , i- Penicillium ne- Fusarium . Ifungus ekhoyo emoyeni inokubanjelwa kwi-mucus eninzi kwaye iqhubeke nokusetyenzwa.
Ukungaqhelekanga kwezakhiwo kungabangela ne-sinusitis engapheliyo. I-turbinates ekhulisiweyo (concha bullosa) , i- septum ekhethiweyo, i-adenoids ephakamileyo kunye ne- polyps yangasese inokuvimbela ukungena kwomoya kunye nokukhupha umoya. Iipolisi ze-nasal ziyingxube yeethambo ezinobunzima ezikhulayo ngaphakathi kwezono kunye neendlela zokuhamba. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ukuba ne-sinusitis engapheliyo kwaye ngokwayo ingakhokelela kwizicubu ezigulayo okanye ukukhula okungavamile njengama-polyp nasal. Ezi ngxaki zingadinga ukulungiswa ngophenyo.
I-Aspirin-exacerb disease respiratory disease (AERD) isifo esiquka isono esingapheliyo, isifo se-asthma, kunye ne-aspirin. Abantu abane-AERD bahlala benama-polyps emanzini. Bangakwazi ukuba ne-sinusitis enamandla echaphazela zonke iimpazamo.
Izinto zeengozi zempilo
I-rhinitis ye-allergen iyingozi yeso sinitis enesifo esingapheliyo. Ukuba unobungozi bokusingqongileyo, kufuneka uzame ukuphepha ukukhutshwa kwakho kwizinto ezibangela. Kufuneka ube ne-allergies yakho efumanekayo ngokupheleleyo kwaye uchongiwe ngoko uyazi ukuba ungayiphepheli. Unokuphinda usebenze ukugcina ulawulo olungcono lweentlungu zakho ukuze i-airways yakho ingabi navuleka kwaye ivulekile.
Ukuba unesistim somzimba esibuthathaka, usenokuba ngumngcipheko owongezelelekileyo we-sinusitis embi okanye engapheliyo. Oku kuquka nabani na abane-HIV / AIDS, i-myeloma eninzi , i-blood cancer, okanye izifo ezingapheliyo, okanye ngubani ofumana unyango kunye ne-corticosteroids okanye i-chemotherapy, umzekelo. Umzimba wakho awunaso nje ixesha elinzima ukukhusela izifo ezingakhokelela kwisifo, njengobanda obuqhelekileyo, kodwa ukuphulukana nesifo sosus xa umntu ethatha ingcambu. I-fungal allergies engakhokelela kwi-sinusitis ixhaphake ngakumbi kulabo abanesistim somzimba sokusilela.
Ezinye iimeko ezinxulumene nophuhliso lwe-sinusitis engapheli ziquka isifo se-reflux yesifo se-gastroesophageal (GERD), isifo se-asthma, i-rhinitis engeyona ingxaki , i- cystic fibrosis , i-Kartagener's syndrome, kunye nemiba eyahlukeneyo.
Izinto zokuPhila kweengozi
Kukho izinto ezinobungozi onokuzichaphazela ukwenzela ukuba unako ukukhusela izifo ezithintekayo okanye ezingapheliyo.
Iibhoksi zendalo
Iibhoksi zokusingqongileyo ezingabonakaliyo zingabangela iqhaza kwi-sinusitis engapheliyo. I-formaldehyde enye ye-toxin enokuthi ingabonakaliswa kuyo ngemisebenzi efana nomsebenzi webhubhoratri, umenzi wezakhiwo, umenzi wemithi, umenzi wefenitshala kunye nomzimba wamathambo. Ukungcola komoya, ngokubanzi, kunokunyusa umngcipheko.
Ukubhema kunye nomsi wesibindi
Mhlawumbi i-toxin engqongekileyo yendalo yinkqubo ye-sinusitis engapheliyo ngumsi wocuba . Umsi wesigaretha uyaphazamisa iiseli ezikhethekileyo ezihamba ngendlela. Izinwele ezinjenge-cilia ezifake iindlwana zomoya kunye neengcongolo ziyakhubazeka kwaye azikwazi ukutshabalalisa i-mucus kunye nezinto ezinobungozi. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuvukeni okungapheliyo.
Kufuneka uyeke ukutshaya xa unesifo esingapheliyo, kwaye oku kuya kunciphisa umngcipheko we sinusitis. Ukuyeka ukubhema kunokuphelisa okanye ukuguqula ezinye zeengxaki, kunye neziphumo ezihlukileyo phakathi kwabantu kwaye mhlawumbi kuxhomekeke kwithuba elingakanani ukutshaya.
Ukuboniswa komsi wesigaretti wesibini kungabonakala kunobungozi (okanye ngaphezulu koko), kunye nabantwana abahlala emakhaya apho elinye ilungu lentsapho elibhema ngaphakathi kwingozi yokuphupha indlebe, impumlo kunye nomqala .
Umoya omile
Umoya wangaphakathi omile, ovela kwimoya yomoya okanye ukutshiswa komoya, unokubangela umngcipheko we-sinusitis. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umgca we-mucus kwiindinyana zomngxuma ubeka iingxaki kwaye zikhutshwe yi-cilia ezinjengenwele eziluhlu lweendinyana. Umoya omile ucingelwa ukuba uphazamise le nkqubo kwaye kubangele ukwanda komsindo. Ungasebenzisa i-humidifier ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka uhlale ucocekile njengoko ukukhula kwesikhunta kunokubangela ukunyamezela.
Ukuboniswa kwezifo zokuphefumula
Ukubanda ubanda kubomngcipheko omkhulu wokwenza usulelo lwe-sinus, ngoko ukukhusela ukusabalala kwamaqanda kunokukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho. Qinisekisa ukuba uhlamba izandla rhoqo, siphunga kunye namanzi, ngakumbi ngaphambi kokutya.
Imithombo:
> Hamilos DL. Rhinosinusitis engapheliyo (ngaphaya kweZiseko). Isemgangathweno. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-rhinosinusitis-beyond-the-basics.
> Hamilos DL. Ukubonakaliswa kwezonyango, i-Pathophysiology, kunye nokuxilongwa kweRhinosinusitis engapheliyo. Isemgangathweno. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-pathophysiology-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-rhinosinusitis.
> Reh DD, Higgins TS, Smith TL. Impembelelo yomsila woTuba kwiRhinosinusitis engapheliyo-Ukuhlaziywa kweeNcwadi. Iforamu yamazwe ngamazwe e-Allergy & Rhinology . 2012; 2 (5): 362-369. i-doi: 10.1002 / alr.21054.
> Sinusitis. I-American Academy ye-Otolaryngology-iNtloko kunye nokuPhepha kweNeck. http://www.entnet.org/content/sinusitis.
> Sinusitis. I-Nemours Foundation. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sinusitis.html.