I-Cancer yePlasma Plasma Cells
I-myeloma yamaninzi i-cell cell (i-cell cell) yomdlavuza kaninzi ifunyaniswa kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. EUnited States, umngcipheko we-myeloma ezininzi uphezulu phakathi kwabase-Afrika-baseMerika kunye nabancinci phakathi kwabase-Asia-baseMelika. Kulinganiselwa ukuba lo mhlaza uchaphazela abantu abahlanu ukuya kwabayisithupha kwi-100,000 ngonyaka.
I-Cancer kuthetha ukukhula okungalawulwayo kweeseli.
Kwi-myeloma emininzi, umongo wethambo uvelisa ubuninzi obukhulu ngokweelwimi ze-plasma. Ngokungafani namanye amachiza apho kukho i-tumor, la maseli omhlaza ahlala ekhona kuwo wonke amathambo kunye negazi, nangona i-tumor ingafaka kwithambo okanye kumathishini athambileyo .
Iimpawu zeMyeloma yamaninzi
I-myeloma yamaninzi ibangela iimpawu ezininzi ezingabandakanya:
- Iintlungu zethambo , ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-back back or nbsp
- Ukukhathala nobuthathaka ngenxa yamanqanaba aphantsi eeseli ezibomvu zegazi kwigazi (i-anemia)
- Ukusulelwa rhoqo kunye neentsholongwane ngenxa yobuncinane besifo-ukulwa neeseli zegazi ezimhlophe
- Iingxaki zeengso, ezinokubangela ukomeleza ukoma, ukunyuka kokuvuthwa, ukuncwina, okanye ukuqhaqha
- Ukuhla ukusinda
- Amathambo aphukile ngenxa yamathambo athathaka
Ukufumanisa i-Myeloma ezininzi
Ukuxilongwa kwe-myeloma emininzi kunokukrokra ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu umntu azifumanayo. Inani elipheleleyo leeseli zegazi (CBC) liza kubonisa amanqanaba aphezulu eeseli ze-plasma kunye namazinga aphantsi eeseli zegazi ezibomvu (i-anemia).
Ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi (ezifana ne-serum protein electrophoresis) ziza kubonisa amanqanaba aphezulu e-calcium kunye neeprotheni ezithile zegazi.
Uvavanyo lomchamo (umchamo weprotein electrophoresis) uhlola umlinganiselo weprojekthi ye- Bence Jones eqokelelwe ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-24. Kwimixholo ye-myeloma eninzi, kuya kuba nezinga eliphezulu lale protein.
I- marrow bone (sampuli) iya kuthathwa ukukhangela amangqamuzana omhlaza. Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-radiologic (uphando lwama-skeletal) lwenziwe ukukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. I-ray-ray ingakwazi ukujonga amathambo aphukileyo okanye aphelile.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-myeloma eninzi kuqinisekiswa ngobungakanani bamaseli omhlaza we-myeloma ( amangqamuzana angaphantsi kwe-plasma) emnzini wethambo kunye nobukho beprotheni engaphezu kwegazi okanye umchamo.
Ukwahlula kunye nokuSebenza
I-myeloma yamaninzi ingahle ibekwe kwicandelo elinye lesithathu:
- I-monoclonal gammopathy yokubaluleka okungagqibekanga (MGUS): Le meko yinto "ye-myeloma yangaphambili," oko kuthetha ukuba iprotheni eyimfuneko ikhoyo kodwa iqondo leeseli ze-plasma liphantsi. I-MGUS ngokwayo ayiyingozi, kodwa malunga neepesenti ezingama-16 zabantu abanokuthi bahlakulele i-myeloma eninzi emva kwexesha.
- I-plasmacytoma yedwa: I-Myelomas kule nqanaba ifakwe kwindawo enye kuphela okanye isifo esisodwa.
- I-myeloma e-Asymptomatic okanye edibeneyo: Kuloluhlu, iimvavanyo zegazi kunye ne-bone marrow biopsy zibonisa ukuba khona kwe-myeloma ezininzi kodwa iimpawu azikho.
- I-myeloma ye-Symptomatic multiple: Kuloluhlu, abantu abane-myeloma ezininzi babonisa iimpawu okanye iimpawu zeva.
Umhlaza wesigxina uthetha ukuqikelela ubungakanani bawo. Ingaba i-myeloma eninzi ivalwe emnzini wethambo, okanye inomdlavuza usasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba njengamathambo?
Isigaba somhlaza sichaza ukuba zeziphi unyango oluya kufuneka. Ngenxa yokuba i-myeloma eninzi ingasasazeka, i-stage yayo isoloko isekelwe kumlinganiselo onzima wokuba umhlaza unjani emzimbeni.
UkuPhatha i-Myeloma ezininzi
Abantu ngabanye abaneMGUS okanye akukho zibonakaliso zivame ukugcinwa ngokuhlolwa rhoqo ngokomzimba kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi kodwa kungaphathwa. Abantu abanempawu bangaphathwa nge:
- Iziyobisi ze-Chemotherapy: Ezi ziquka i-Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), i-Alkeran (melphalan), okanye i-corticosteroids njenge-prednisone. Ukuhlanganiswa kweThalomid (thalidomide) kunye ne-Decadron (dexamethasone) sele ifunyenwe yonyango olusebenzayo.
- Uphulo lwe-radiation: Olu unyango lusebenzisa imisebe ephezulu yamandla ukubulala amangqamuzana omhlaza kunye nokuhlaziya izicubu.
- Isalathisi se-stem
- Isidakamizwa esichasene nomhlaza esibizwa ngokuba yiVelcade (bortezomib): Iyeza elinolawulo okanye ijojo phantsi kwesikhumba (ngaphantsi).
Ukongeza, abantu abane-myeloma ezininzi banokufumana unyango lweempawu, ezifana nokufumana igazi lokumpontshelwa igazi ukuphatha i-anemia okanye i-antibiotics ukunyanga izifo.
Imithombo
- Lonial, uSagar. "NgeMyeloma." I-Myeloma Research Foundation. 9 Sep 2005. I-Myeloma Research Foundation.
- "Okufuneka Ukwazi Ngama-Myeloma Amaninzi." Iingxaki zeMhlaza. Disemba 2004. I-National Cancer Institute.