Izizathu ziquka iiVirus, iiBactriya kunye namaParasites
I-diarrhea ingaba ngaphezu kweyodwa imvelaphi yokuhlaselwa. Ngokwenene, eyona nto ibangela ukufa kubantwana kwilizwe eliphuhlisayo kunye negalelo elikhulu ekusebenziseni ukungabikho emsebenzini kunye nokulahleka kwemveliso kubasebenzi baseMerika.
Abantu asebekhulile, abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abaneendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokuzivikela ngamajoni basemngciphekweni kwaye basengozini yokugula kunye nokufa ngenxa yokupheliswa kwamanzi okude.
Ukusuleleka ngokubhekiselele kwi-Diarrhea engeyiyo
Izifo ezinentsholongwane, iintsholongwane, kunye nezifo ezidalwa yi-parasitic yiyona nto ibangela kakhulu isifo sohudo, ngokuqhelekileyo sisasazeka ngeendlela zomlomo . Yilapho iifestile ezithelelekileyo zisasazeka ngenye indlela ukusuka komntu omnye ukuya kwesinye (njengokubanjiswa ngesandla), ngokudibanisa nomhlaba okanye umbane ongcwelisiweyo, okanye utywala ukutya okanye isiselo esingcolileyo.
Kukho nemithombo engeyiyo yetsholongwane yohudo, ngokuqhelekileyo ihambelana nezimo zonyango ezichaphazela ukugaya, ukuzivikela kumzimba, okanye i-endocrine (hormone). Phakathi kwezi zinyameko zesifo se-bowel syndrome (IBS) , isifo sesibindi esisifo (IBD) , isifo se-celiac , i- hyperthyroidism kunye nokunyamezela kwe-lactose .
Izizathu ezithathelwanayo zokurhudo zibangela imeko eyaziwa ngokuba yi- gastroenteritis , enokubangela ukuba iisuluba, ukuhlanza kunye nesisu esiswini. Ukuba isifo sohudo sihamba kunye negazi, sithunyelwa njengesifo somhlaza.
Iingxaki Zobuntsholongwane
Iintsholongwane zizona zizathu eziqhelekileyo zesifo sohudo kwaye zihlobene kakhulu kwiintlobo ezine ezilandelayo:
- I-Norovirus , eyaziwa ngokuba yi "virus ye-cruise ship", iyona sizathu esona siqhelekileyo sokutya okuxiliswayo kokutya e-US
- I-Rotavirus iyona nto ibangela kakhulu isifo sohudo kubantwana baseMerika kunye neyona nto ibangela ukufa kwabantwana kwilizwe elikhulayo.
- Iindidi ze-Adenovirus ezingama-40 kunye ne-41 zi-subtypes ezinxulumene nehudo kwaye ziphakathi kweengu-50 iintlobo ze-adenovirus ezaziwa ngabantu (ezibandakanya ii-virus ezibandayo).
- Ii-astroviruses ziqhelekileyo ezibangela ihudo e-asebekhulile, abantwana kunye nabantu abaneenkqubo zokuzivikela ezikhuselekileyo.
Izizathu zeBhakteria
I-bacterial diarrhea iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokugula nokufa emhlabeni wonke. Nangona ingaqhelekanga kwi-US kunesifo sohudo, iintsholongwane zeentlobo zingakhokelela kwisifo somhlaza ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kwezilonda kunye nokuvuvukala emathunjini. Phakathi kwezona zinto ziqhelekileyo:
- I-Salmonella enteritidis ingabangela isifo sohudo, umkhuhlane kunye nesisu esiswini ngaphakathi kweeyure eziyi-12 ukuya kwe-72 zokudla ukutya okanye isiselo esinokungcola.
- I-Escherichia coli (ngokukodwa i- E. coli 0157) isasazeka ngokutya okungcolileyo kunye nemveliso yobisi kwaye ingakhokelela kwimeko eyaziwa njenge-colitis ephazamisayo.
- I-Shigella iyaxhaphaka e-US nakwihlabathi jikelele kwaye isinokubangela ukuba uhudo olugazini, ngokukodwa kubantwana beminyaka yobudala.
- I-Campylobacter iphakathi kwezifo ezixhaphakileyo zokutya ukutya kwebhaktheriya kwaye zingabangela ukuhanjiswa kwegazi ngenxa yokuvutha kwamathumbu emathunjini
- I-Vibrio intsholongwane idla ngokudityaniswa nokutya ukutya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye i-sushi.
- I-Staphylococcus aureus inokubangela ukuba uhudo oluvuthayo ngenxa yeengxube ezikhishwe ngamabhaktheriya.
- I-Clostridium difficile iyingqayizivele ekubeni ukunyuka kokusuleleka kudla ngokuqhagamshelana nokusetyenziswa kwamagciwane. Nesi sizathu esona siqhelekileyo sesifo sohudo esinezibhedlele.
- I-Yersinia ibonwa njengebhakteria ebangela isibetho se-bubonic kwaye iqheleke kakhulu kwimveliso yobisi.
Izizathu zePasasitic
Iprotozoa yimbangela ebalulekileyo yehudo lomdaka e-US nakwihlabathi jikelele. Ezi zilwanyana ezifakwe kwi-single-celled zivela kwiindidi ezininzi kwaye zihlala zihanjiswa ngamanzi okusela anetyholongwane. Phakathi kwezi zihlandlo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zokurhuda kwesifo se-parasitic:
- I-Giardia lamblia idluliselwa kukutya okungahlambulukanga okanye ngokuthintana nomntu kunye nokuba nomntu ochaphazelekayo kwaye kunokubangela ukurhudo olukhukhulayo phakathi kweentsuku ezimbini zokusuleleka.
- I-Entamoeba histolytica inxulumene nokudluliselwa komlomo ngomlomo kwaye ingabangela ukuhanjiswa kwegazi njengoko ii-microorganisms zithatha indlela yazo kwindonga yamathumbu.
- I-Cryptosporidium iyaziwa ukuba ibangele izifo zokuphefumula kunye nezisisu kwaye zibonakaliswe nophuhliso lwamanzi.
Ukuxilongwa kunye noTyango
Ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lohudo olunolwazi-kunye nezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu (kubandakanywa nembali yomntu wokuhamba) -ugqirha uya kuqhuba uchungechunge lweemvavanyo ukufumanisa umthombo wesifo.
Isithethe se- stool sisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga ukusuleleka kubaktheriya, ngelixa uvavanyo oludibeneyo lwe-microscopic kunye ne-antigen-based inokukunceda ukufumanisa iprotozoa kwiisampula zeesitoliti. Izifo zentsholongwane zinokufunyanwa ngokuhlolwa kwe- PCR kwisitulo somntu, igazi, okanye ezinye izifo zomzimba.
Unyango luyahluka ngokusekelwe kweso sizathu. I-antibiotics kunye ne-anti-virus ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha unyango lwe-bacterial and viral, ngokulandelanayo, ngelixa naliphi na inani le-antimicrobial agents lingasetyenziselwa ukuba i-protozoan.
Ukongezelela, amayeza okulwa neesifo sokurhoxisa amanyathelo anganyulwa kunye kunye ne- oral rehydration therapy ukukhusela okanye ukuphathwa kwelahleko. I-Fluid nayo inokuhanjiswa kwangaphakathi (nge-vein) ukuba ukuphelelwa kwamanzi kukhulu kakhulu. Iimvavanyo zonyango zoncedo zingancedisa intlungu kunye nomkhuhlane.
Thintelo
I-ounce yothintelo ixabisa ipilisi yonyango xa kufikelele ekukhuseleni uhudo olusulelayo. Oyintloko phakathi kwemizamo yokuthintela ukucoceka nokuhlamba izandla rhoqo. Ngelixa abantu abaninzi baya kutyalo-mali kwi- handwash ye-antibacterial , ukuhlanjululwa ngokucokisekileyo ngamanzi ashushu kunye nesepha kudla ngokukhohlisa. Ukugcina iimeko zangasese kwindawo yokuhlamba, ikhitshini, naphi na apho ukutya kudla khona.
Xa upheka inkukhu, inyama, okanye i-shellfish, qiniseka ukuba ziphekwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zisebenzisa i-thermometer yekhitshi, ukuba iyimfuneko. Thatha ngononophelo ukuhlamba zonke iziqhamo kunye nemifuno kwaye ugweme ukutya i-shellfish eluhlaza xa unokungabaza malunga nomvelaphi okanye ukutsha. Ukucoca amabhodi kunye nempahla kufuneka kuhlanjululwe ngoko nangoko emva kokudibanisa nenyama eluhlaza, inkukhu okanye ivenkile.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuba uhamba ngaphesheya kwezilwandle, qiniseka ukuba izitofu zakho zifikelele ngoku. Ukuba uceba ukutyelela ilizwe eliphuhlisayo, tyelela iwebhusayithi yezohambo ye-travel elawulwa yiZiko loLawulo lweZifo kunye nokukhusela ukuze ufunde ukuba yeyiphi imichilo efunekayo kwaye uhlolisise nayiphi na ingcaciso enxulumene nokukhusela kokutya kwamanzi kunye nendawo.
> Imithombo:
> Buono, A .; Carson, R .; kunye ne-Flores, uM. "Umgangatho wobomi obunxulumene nezeMpilo, ukuveliswa komsebenzi kunye neendleko ezichanekileyo phakathi kwezigulane ezineengxaki zesifo sohudo nesifo sohudo." IziPhumo zeMpilo zeMpilo. 2017; 15 (1): 35. INGXELO: 10.1186 / s12955-017-0611-2.
> Kasper, D .; Fauci, A .; Hauser, S. et al. (2015) Iinqununu zeHarrison zeMithi yoPhakathi. ENew York: iMacGraw Hill Education
> Lanata, C .; Fischer-Walker, C; Olascoaga, et al. "Iingxaki Zomhlaba Wonke Wokufa Kwesifo Sokugula Kwesifo Kwabantwana