I-Polymyositis ixhomekeke kwiqela elikhulu lezifo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Myositis
I-polymyositis yindlela yokuqhaqhaqhaqhazelayo, isifo esiqhaqhazelayo, esinobukhulu obuthathaka. Inxalenye yesigaba sesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-myositis, oku kuthetha ukuvuvukala kwemisipha. I-polymyositis ichaphazela izihlunu eziseduze nomthi womzimba, kodwa emva kwexesha ezinye izihlunu zingabandakanyeka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-polymyositis ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ngelixa ingahlakulela kunoma ubani, kubandakanywa nabantwana, ayinakuchaphazela abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 ubudala.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ichaphazela abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 no-60 ubudala. I-polymyositis ithinta abafazi abaninzi ngokuqhelekileyo kunamadoda, ngokulinganisa kabini ukuya komnye.
I-Dermatomyositis yimeko efanayo yokuvuvukala kwi-polymyositis, umahluko ukuba i-dermatomyositis ichaphazela ulusu. I-polymyositis iyakwenzeka ngokudibanisa kunye neengqungquthela ezithile, kuquka i- lymphoma , umdlavuza webele , umhlaza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza we- ovari , kunye nomhlaza wekoloni . I-polymyositis inokuvela kwezinye izifo ze-rheumatic, njenge- systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), izifo ezixubileyo zezifo , isifo se-rheumatoid , i- systemic lupus erythematosus kunye ne- sarcoidosis .
Isizathu sePolymyositis
Nangona kubangelwa ukuba i-polymyositis ingaziwa, kubonakala ngathi ukuzalwa kwindalo. Abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ukuphendula ngokuzenzekelayo kwintsikelelo kubonakala kubantu abanomdla wokuzalwa. I-subtrapes ye-HLA -DR3, -DR52, kunye ne -DR6 ibonakala idibaniswa kunye nokuxhomekeka.
Kusenokuba nesiganeko esichukumisayo, mhlawumbi i-myositis yentsholongwane okanye umdlavuza okhona ngaphambili.
Iimpawu zePolymyositis
Ubuthakathaka obuthathaka, njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, sisona sibonakaliso esivamile. Ubuthakathaka obuthathaka obunxulumene ne-polymyositis bunokuqhubeka kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga. Ngokomzekelo weMerck Manual, ukutshabalaliswa kweepesenti ezingama-50 zeemfusibisi ze-muscle kubangela ubuthathaka obonakalisa, oko kuthetha, ngelo xesha i-myositis iphambili.
Ubunzima obuqhelekileyo obusebenzayo kunye ne-polymyositis kuquka ukunyuka esihlalweni, ukunyuka kwamanyathelo, nokuphakamisa iingalo. Ubuthathaka bemisipha yamabhinqa kunye nemigxala yamabhinqa kunokubangela ukulala okanye ukubopha ngevili. Ukuba kukho imisipha yentamo, kunokuba kunzima ukuphakamisa intloko yakho kwi-pillow. Ukubandakanya izihlunu ze-pharyngeal kunye neesophageal kunokuchaphazela ukugwinya. Okuthakazelisayo, izihlunu zezandla, iinyawo kunye nobuso azibandakanyi kwi-polymyositis.
Kukho ukubandakanyeka ngokubambisana okubonakala ngathi i-polyarthralgia okanye i- polyarthritis . Oku kuya kuphuhliswa kwi-subset yezigulane ze-polymyositis ezine-Jo-1 okanye ezinye i-anti-anthynthetase antibodies.
Ezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-polymyositis zingaquka:
- ukukhathala jikelele
- ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- ukungaqheleki ngezwi ngenxa yeengxube zomlomo
- umkhuhlane
- ukulahleka kwesidlo
Ukuxilongwa kwePolymyositis
Njengoko naluphi na isifo okanye imeko, ugqirha uya kuqwalasela imbali yakho yezobugqirha kwaye enze uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokuxilonga. Iimvavanyo zegazi ziyakuthi zenziwe ukuba zikhangele ubukho be-antibodies ezizodwa kwaye zibone ukuvuvukala okungekho. I-Electromyography kunye neemvavanyo zokuqhutyelwa kwamagulane anganika ugqirha ngolwazi oluxhamlayo lokuxilonga, naye.
I-MRI yezihlunu ezichaphazelekayo iyalelwe. Ukongezelela, uvavanyo lomchamo luya kuhlola i-myoglobin, iprotheni kumaseli e-muscle ekhutshelwe kwigazi kwaye ihlanjwe ziintso xa i-muscle ibonakele. Iimvavanyo zegazi ukujonga izinga leenzyme ze-serum, ezifana neCK kunye ne-aldolase, zinokuyalelwa kwaye zenziwe. Ngenxa yokulimala kwemisipha, amanqanaba e-enzyme e-muscle ehlala ephakamileyo. Olunye uvavanyo lwegazi, i- ANA (uvavanyo lwe-anti-nuclear antibody) , luthembele kuma-80 ekhulwini labantu abanepolymyositis.
Ekugqibeleni, i-biopsy muscle ingenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa kwe-polymyositis.
I-biopsy inconywa ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe unyango ukuze ezinye izifo zentsundu zikhutshwe.
Unyango lwe-polymyositis
I-Corticosteroids kumaqondo aphezulu yindlela yokuqala yokwelapha i-polymyositis ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwiimisipha. Ukuba loo nto yodwa ayinelisekile, i- immunosuppressants ingafakwa kwirejimeni yonyango. Ama-immunosuppressants anokuqwalaselwa aquka i- methotrexate (i-Rheumatrex), i-azathioprine (Imuran), i-mycophenolate (i-CellCept), i-cyclophosphamide (i-Cytoxan), i- rituximab (i-Rituxan), i-cyclosporine (i-Sandimmune), kunye ne-IV immunoglobulin (IVIG).
I-polymyositis echaphazelekayo nomhlaza kaninzi ayithobeli i-corticosteroids. Ukususwa kwe-tumor, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kunokuncedisa kakhulu kumathambo ahlobene nomhlaza.
ILizwi
Ngonyango lokuqala lwe-polymyositis, ukuxolelwa kunokwenzeka. Umlinganiselo weminyaka emihlanu wokusinda kwabantu abadala abanepolymyositis, ngokwemiqulu yeMerck, iipesenti ezingama-75-80. Ukufa kungabangelwa yimiphumo yobuthakathaka obunzima obuqhubekayo. Abantu abanesifo sengqondo okanye ukubandakanyeka kwepmonta kubonakala benesifo esibi ngakumbi. Oko kungathiwa ngezilwanyana ze-polymyositis ezine-cancer.
Ukuhlolwa kwentsholongwane kunconywa kwizigulane ze-polymyositis ezineminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu. Khawukhumbule imfuno yohlolo lomhlaza rhoqo. Ukufumana umhlaza ongasetyenziswanga unokuba ngumphambili wokutshintsha isigxina sakho nge-polymyositis.
> Imithombo:
> Ikliniki yaseCleveland, i-Polymyositis, http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/polymyositis. Ukuhlaziywa kukaSept 2015.
> Hajj-ali, RA., MD. I-Polymyositis kunye neDermatomyositis. Manual Merck. Version Professional. Ukuhlaziywa / Ukuhlaziywa ngoJuni 2013.
> MedlinePlus, Polymyositis - Abadala. Ukuhlaziywa nguGordon A. Starkebaum, MD. NgoJanuwari 20, 2015.
> Nagaraju K, et al. "Izifo ezivuthayo zoMzimba kunye namanye amaMyopathies." I-Kelley's Bookbook yeRheumatology. 2016.