Indlela Yokuxelela Ukungafani Phakathi Kokuziphatha Kokuziphatha okanye Ukungalungi?

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ukuziphatha kwe-autistic kwizinto ezingaqhelekanga

Unokuyichazela njani ukuba ukuziphatha kakubi kungumphumo weempawu ze-autistic okanye ukuba zizinto ezingaqhelekanga ? Akusoloko kulula ukuhlukanisa phakathi kweendlela "zokuzimela" kunye " nokuziphatha kakubi." Uninzi lweendlela zokuziphatha eziqhelekileyo kubantwana kwi-spectrum zingabonwa njengeengxaki zengqeqesho kwezinye iifana. Umzekelo:

• Abantwana abane-autism banokukhawuleza okanye bajonge xa ​​bexinzekile okanye bexhalabile

• Abanye abantwana be-autistic bolt ukusuka kwigumbi, babetha abanye, okanye bazilimaza xa bexakekile
• Abantwana kwimiba engabonakali ngqo kumntu xa uthetha
• Iimoto ze-Autistic zingayigxuma , zifake, okanye zihambe xa zilindeleke ukuba zihlale zihleli
• Abantwana abane-autism banokuzibandakanya kunye nokungaziphulaphuli kwiziganeko okanye iimvakalelo ezizungezile
• Esikolweni, abantwana abane-autism bangaphaya okanye baxhomekeke kwezinye izicelo okanye iimfuno zabanye (umzekelo, ukunyanzelisa abanye abantwana kumgca okanye ukungahoywa izicelo zokuhamba okanye ukukhawuleza)

Kodwa oko kungumxholo we-iceberg kuba abantwana be-autistic banokuba nako ixesha elinzima ukulawula iimpendulo zabo kumntu omdala okanye oontanga "lobubele." Mhlawumbi le mizekelo iyaziqhelanisa:

• Utatomkhulu uya kutyelela. Ubona umzukulu wakhe ovuthiweyo, uvula iingalo zakhe, aze acele ukumbamba. Umzukulu ubalekela kwelinye icala kwisantya esiphezulu. Umkhulu umlandela aze amnike lowo okhuphayo, kuphela ukufumana umvuzo wokukhaba.

• Inkulukazi inika umzukulu wakhe we-autistic isipho, kunye nomzukulu wakhe, ngexesha elifanele ukuba azi kakuhle, uthi "Andiyithandi le nto! Ndifuna i-___!"
• Umhlobo onobubele esikolweni uyavumelana nomhla wokudlala kwaye ufumanisa ukuba awunakwaye iiyure ezimbalwa ngelixa umphathi we-autistic udlala yodwa. Okubi nakakhulu, isivakashi sinokuchitha iiyure ezimbini sitsho, "musa ukuchukumisa loo nto!"

Zonke ezi zinto ziyakwenza zibe neentloni, kwaye konke kunokukhokelela ekwenzeni ubuhlungu okanye nangomsindo. Sekunjalo zonke zifana ne-autism, kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, zibangelwa yimingeni, inxibelelwano okanye imingeni yokuziphatha eyingxenye ye-autism.

Ukwahlula Ukuziphatha Okuzimeleyo Ukuziphatha Okungalunganga

Iimpawu zokuziphatha eziqhelekileyo zihlala zibangelwa yimingeni embalwa kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba wonke umntu ophethe i-autism uyingqayizivele, imingeni iza kubonakala ihlukile kumntwana ngamnye kodwa ikhona, kwinqanaba elithile, kunoma ubani ochanekileyo ofumene i-autism disorder disorder.

Iingxaki

Abantu abane-autism bahlala becinga ukuba bangaphathekanga okanye baphathe kakubi ukuzwakala, ukukhanya, ukuthunga kunye nokuthintela. Umntwana obalekela ku-Grandma angaphendula ngokwenene iphunga leqhumiso lakhe. Umntwana othiyile i-hugs akanakuyithandi ukuvalelwa kocingo kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo uzive esithandana naye. Iingxaki ezinomdla nazo ziba zizathu zokuthi "ukuziphatha kakubi" xa kuqhutywe indlu ephakamileyo okanye evulekileyo, ifakwe phakathi kwabantu abakwi-intanethi, njalo njalo. Unokuyichazela njani ukuba iimeko zengqondo zenza ingxaki?

• Buza . Ukuba umntwana wakho uyathetha, unokukwazi ukuchaza ngokuziphatha xa eceliwe.
• Jonga . Ukuba umntwana wakho egubungela iindlebe zakhe ngelixa ekhwela kwigumbi, kunengqiqo ukucinga ukuba into ethile malunga nesandi ekamelweni ibangela ingxaki.

• Gcina ithebhu kwiindlela zokuziphatha. Ukuba umntwana wakho uyakwazi ukuphatha icawa, kodwa ngesinye isihlandlo siba sikhulu okanye siphuma egumbini, kuyacaca ukuba kukho into ethile eyenziweyo eyenza ukuziphatha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba ukuziphatha kuhambelana, kunokube nobunzima obuqhubekayo kwimiba engqongileyo. Kungaba yinto encinane nje ngokuba i-buzz evela kwizibane ezikhanyayo.

Uluhlu loNxibelelwano loLuntu

Wonke umntu one-autism unexesha elinzima kunye noqhagamshelwano loluntu kwinqanaba elinye okanye kwelinye. Kungaba nzima okanye kungenakwenzeka ukuba "ufunde" iimvakalelo zabanye okanye kungenokuba nzima kakhulu ukuphepha ukuvalela iimvakalelo zabanye.

Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuba 'ubukele kwaye uxelise' iimpawu zabanye. Inyaniso yokuba abanye bahleli kunye kwaye ukuthula kungabhalisi kumntwana we-autistic. Unokuyichazela njani ukuba umntwana wakho unenkathazo kunye noonxibelelwano loluntu?

• Qaphela injongo yomntwana wakho. Ubunzima bezonxibelelwano zentlalo lunokuba nzima kumntwana ophethe i-autism ukuxelela xa izenzo zakhe zingalimaza. Ukuhamba ngokukhwabanisa okanye umnqweno wokwenza into eyahlukileyo kunokubonakala ngathi kukhangeleke, kodwa kukho ithuba elihle lokuba umntwana wakho akaqapheli ukuba iziphathamandla zakhe zinokuchaphazela njani abanye.
• Khumbula ukuba umntwana wakho unokulibaziseka kwentuthuko. Umntu oneminyaka elishumi elinesibini ubudala kufuneka abe nombulelo onombulelo umkhulu ngenxa yesipho awayifunayo. Umntu oneminyaka ezisibhozo oneminyaka engama-8 ubudala akanako ukujongana nale meko. Abantwana abane-autism bahlala bekhulile ngenxa yobudala babo: umntwana osemva kwi-spectrum angaziphatha kakuhle njengomntwana omncinci.
• Qaphela ukuba uqeqesho lubonelelwa njani. Utitshala uthi umntanakho ulahleka ngokukhawuleza ngokukhupha umgca, uthatha ukujika kwexesha elide kwi-swings, njalonjalo. Kodwa abantwana abane-autism, kuba baqhekeza ukufunda ngokumxelisa, badinga imigaqo ngokuthe ngqo kwimilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Ngaba utitshala ngokwenene wachaze umntwana wakho ngemithetho yokudlala? Ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezibonakalayo kunye namabali asekuhlaleni? Ukuba akunjalo, umntwana wakho wayefanele ukuba azi imithetho?

Iingxaki zokuziphatha

Iimpawu zokuziphatha "ezizimeleyo" zidla ngokubonakalayo kuba ziqhelekile ngokwahlukileyo kwiziphathamandla eziqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, kufuneka ube nokukwazi ukutshilo ngokukhangela nokuba ubona ukuziphatha kakubi okanye iimpawu ze-autistic. Nantsi into ekufuneka uyifunde:

• Ukuzivuselela (ukuvuselela). Abantu abaninzi abane-autism basebenzisa iziphathamandla ezingavamile ezifana nokugungqa, ukuhamba, ukunyathela iminwe, nokuxuba ukuzinza kwaye bahlale begxile. Xa ubona iziphatho ezinjalo, unokuqiniseka ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ayilona uhlobo lokuziphatha kakubi.
• Ukungabikho kokuthintana kwamehlo. Kubantu abaninzi abane-autism, ukunxibelelana kwamehlo kunzima xa kunzima ukulawula, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuthetha. Nangona kunokwenzeka ukufundisa umntu nge-autism ukuze ahlale ejongana nomntu, ukungabi nalutho akuyona indlela yokuziphatha kakubi.
• Ukuzixhaphaza. Kwezinye iimeko, ngokukodwa (kodwa kungekho kuphela) kubantu abane-autism enzima, ukuxhaphaza ukuxhaphaza. Ukubamba i-Headbanging, ukukhanda kwesikhumba kunye nezinye iziphathamandla azenzi ngokuzikhethela nangona zinokuphazamisa kwaye zilawulwe.
• Ukungabikho kwengqwalasela okanye ingqalelo. Abantu abane-autism banokufumana kulula kakhulu ukugxila kwinto kwaye banzima kakhulu ukugxila kwabanye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, bahamba ngaphandle kokubonakala ukuba benze njalo. Ngamanye amaxesha, abahambi ngenxa yokuba banesimo esinzima esilandelayo ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza okanye iingcamango ezingabonakaliyo. Kunqabile kakhulu, bazinyamekela ngenjongo isithethi.
• Ukwenza isandi okanye ukukhangela. Nangona abantwana abane-autism banakho ukwenza isandi okanye beshiya ekamelweni nje ukuba bacasuke, amathuba okuba benza njalo kwezinye izizathu. Basenokuthi bahlaziye, bahlaziye okanye baxoxe ukuze bazinqabise, okanye baxhomeke kwigumbi ukuba babaleke kwiimeko eziphazamisayo. Njengomzali, uya kukwazi ukuxelela umahluko.

Ukujongana neZenzo zokuThuthukiswa kweMvume

Ngoko uzimisele ukuba iimpawu zomntwana wakho "azikho ukungalungi" kodwa, endaweni yoko, "iimpawu zokuziphatha". Ngoku kuthweni?

Unako ukwenza, akukho nto. Kwaye kwezinye iimeko, oko kunengqiqo. Kutheni umntwana wakho engazange abe ne-autism rock, flick, okanye ijubane? Ukuba akabubi mntu kwaye akayi kudala iingxaki kuye, kutheni enkingeni?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, iziphathamandla ze-autistic, ngelixa zingenayo iinjongo, zingabangela imiba ebalulekileyo. Bangabangela iintloni (zombini kunye nomntanakho), ukudala iimvakalelo ezibuhlungu okanye iimvakalelo ezinomsindo, okanye uholele kumntwana wakho okhutshwe okanye angabandakanywa kwiqela elibalulekileyo, umsebenzi okanye ukubeka. Yintoni onokuyenza malunga naloo nto? Unokuthatha isenzo kumanqanaba amaninzi ahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kubaluleka kwimeko, ubunzima bomntwana kunye nemingeni yakho, kunye nefilosofi yakho. Nalu uluhlu lwezinketho:

• Ukubonelela ngokuthe ngqo . Ukuba umntwana wakho uyakwazi ukuphendula kwaye enze ngokuthe ngqo kumyalelo othe ngqo, unikezele! Sebenzisa amagama, ividiyo, imodeli, ukuqhuba (ukuphindaphinda) kunye namabali asekuhlaleni ukuze ufundise umntwana wakho ukuba aziphathe njani esontweni okanye kwikhonsathi, indlela yokuphendula ngokukhululekile kubazali noomkhulu, okanye indlela yokudibanisa kwimicimbi yokuzalwa. Akukho nanye kwezi zinto eziza kuvela kumntwana wakho, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, ukufundiswa nokuphindaphinda kuyisitshixo sokuphumelela.
• Imingeni efanelekileyo. Iqhumiso elinqabileyo likagogo libangela ukuba umzukulu wakhe abaleke ngoko ke ukhetho olukhethekileyo kukuthi "hey, Mma, musa ukugqoka loo mpepho." Ngokufanayo, unokuphepha ukucwenga umntwana ongathandekiyo, ukufaka ama-bulb incandescent ukuba i-fluorescents ibangele ingxaki, yehla izinga lezandi kwiTV, kwaye mhlawumbi wenze ubomi bukhululeke . Unokucela indawo yokuhlala ezifanayo esikolweni, nangona kunzima ukuzifumana kwindawo yokubandakanya.
• Khetha izicwangciso kunye neemeko ngononophelo. Ukuba umntwana wakho ovuthayo uyazizonda iifilimu ezivakalayo, musa ukuya kumafilimu amakhulu. Ngaphandle koko, i-headphone ye-headphone-block blocking headphones inokwenza ukuba isandi sandivelele ngakumbi. Cinga ukuya kwiziganeko "ezinobungqina be-autism", okanye ukhethe abaqeqeshi abonakala "bafumana" umntwana wakho.
• Khulisa isikhumba esikhulu. Abazali bezingane abane-autism banokuthi babe namava anamahloni ngamanye amaxesha. Abazali abanamakhwenkwe abomvu baya kuba neentloni. Ukubheja phambili Yilibale!
• Sitshintsha ngokupheleleyo imeko. Kwezinye iimeko, isikolo somntwana wakho, ikhaya lakho, ukhetho lwakho lomsebenzi, okanye indawo yakho ingadinga ukutshintsha. Oku kungathi ngathi impendulo engapheliyo, kodwa ukuba isikolo somntwana wakho singakwazi ukukhonza iimfuno zakhe, abamelwane bakho abanakuxolisa, okanye imisebenzi yakho ekhethiweyo ayinakwenzeka kumntwana wakho we-autistic, unokufuna ukukhetha izinto ezinjengezikolo ezizimeleyo, ezahlukileyo ummandla, okanye utshintsho kwiindlela zakho.

Ukujongana nokuziphatha kakubi

Akukho mzali omhle oya kuhlwaya umntwana ngenxa yokuziphatha okufanelekileyo okanye ngaphandle kolawulo lwakhe. Iintsana zikhala. Abantwana abaneminyaka emibili balwa noqeqesho lwangasese. I-Tween idinga uncedo lokulawula ixesha labo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukho mzali omhle oya kwenza kube lula kwaye uyamkeleka ukuba umntwana axoke, ahlasele, aphumele abanye iimvakalelo zakhe, okanye aziphathe ngendlela ezenza zihlaziye zona okanye abanye.

Kuzama ukuthetha (okanye ukuvumela abanye bathi) "oh, yena ukhubazekile, ngoko andiyi kulindela." Kodwa ngelixa kunengqiqo ukuguqula izilindelo kunye nokuguquka kweemeko ezisekelwe kwiimfuno ezizodwa, wonke umntu ufuna-kwaye ufanelwe-zombini isakhiwo kunye nemida . Ngaphandle kwezi zixhobo, akunakwenzeka ukwakha ukuzimela, isakhono esibaluleke kakhulu ukuzimela, ukunyamezela, impumelelo kunye nokuzithemba.

Njengaye nawuphi na omnye umntwana, ngoko, umsebenzi wakho njengomzali kuku:

• Ukubeka kunye nokuqhagamshelana nemida kunye nokulindela. Ukuphazamisa abantu (ngokwenyama okanye ngokwemvakalelo) akunjalo. Akunamanga, usebenze xa ukwazi ukuzilawula, njalo njalo. Wonke umntu kufuneka aqonde imida kunye nokulindela; Izingane ezine-autism zingadinga ukufunda ngezi mida ngqo, ngokufundisa, izixhobo ezibonakalayo, amabali asekuhlaleni, kunye nezinye iindlela.
• Qaphela ukuziphatha kakubi. Uyazi ubuchule bomntwanakho, ngoko ngokobuninzi beemeko, uya kuqonda ukuba uthe walala ngamabomu, uyayihoxisa imiyalelo yakho, okanye umonakalisa omnye umntu.
• Phendula ngokukhawuleza nangokucacileyo. Ukuba ubamba umntwana wakho we-autistic, uyakufuna ukucaca ngokucacileyo malunga nokuba yintoni umcimbi, kutheni kungalunganga, nendlela ozivakalelwa ngayo. I-Sarcasm, "ihlombe elibandayo," okanye ezinye iindlela zingabonakali kakuhle okanye zinganyanzelwanga ngokupheleleyo.
• Ukubonelela ngemiphumo enentsingiselo. Kwizona zizwe zonke, ukuziphatha kakubi komntwana wakho kuya kubangela iziphumo ezimbi (ukutya okutshiyelwa ngamabomu kwisantya akuthi akukho cereal for breakfast). Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ezinentsingiselo kumntwana wakho, akukho mTV, umzekelo, unokusebenza kakuhle.
• Ukunika inkxaso yokuphucula ukuziphatha. Abanye abantwana basabela kakuhle kwimbuyekezo ezuzekileyo yokuziphatha kakuhle (badle ukudla kwasekuseni kakuhle ngeveki kwaye ndiya kwenza ukutya okuthandayo ngeCawa). Abantwana abane-autism bahlala befuna ukuqinisekiswa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yomsebenzi owenziwe kakuhle; ezinokuthi zenziwe ngendlela encinci yokuphatha, ukuphakama okuphezulu, okanye ukumncoma okukhulu.
• Isaziso kwaye uphendule ngokuziphatha kakuhle. Kubalulekile ukuba uphendule xa umntwana wakho eziphatha kakuhle kwaye ecacileyo ngokubhekiselele kokulungileyo malunga nezenzo zabo. Ngokomzekelo, "Joey, wenza umsebenzi omkhulu wokudlala umdlalo wakho kunye nodade wakho."