Iingqinisiso ezibalulekileyo ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu zinokukhathazeka kwaye ziyamangalisa. Abantu abaninzi bayothuka xa beva ibali lokwenene ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu, nangona ihlazo, nokungabikho kwemali ngenxa yehlazo, liye lashiya umdlavuza wamaphaphu emva kwenkqubo yophando kuze kube yiminyaka yamuva. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeenkcukacha, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezithandekayo nezingaqhelekanga ongazi.
Impembelelo yengculaza yeLung neTshintsho
Njengoko kubangela ukuba umdlavuza usweleke kubo bobabini nabasetyhini eUnited States, umhlaza wamaphaphu ubulala abantu abaninzi ngonyaka unomdlavuza webele , umhlaza wesifo seprotate kunye nomhlaza wekolon . Ngo-2016, kuqikelelwa ukuba amadoda angama-117 920 kunye nabasetyhini abangama-106,470 baya kufumaniswa nesifo.
Umngcipheko wokuphila komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngowona-1 ngowama-13 kumadoda, kunye neyoku-1 kwaba-16 kwabasetyhini. Nangona umdlavuza wamaphaphu ufunyanwa kubantu abancinci kunye nabantwana, iminyaka yobudala ekuxilongweni yiminyaka engama-71.
Inyaniso emangalisa apha kukuba umhlaza wemiphunga umncinci kwaye uyanda. Iyancipha, ngokuqhelekileyo, kumadoda, ngelixa ihlawulela kumadoda. Ngelo xesha, nangona kunjalo, umhlaza wamaphaphu unyuka kubantu abadala , ngakumbi abaselula abangazange bavume.
I-Cancer Cancer iyenzeka kwi-Non-Smokers
Ukubhema kukubangelwa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa ngexesha langoku, uninzi lwabantu abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu alumsi okwamanje.
Ngokubanzi, ngaphezu kwama-50 ekhulwini lamanomdla emiphunga ayenzekayo kwabangaphambili ababhemayo. Ukongezelela, iipesenti ezingama-20 kwabasetyhini kunye nabangu-12 kwabashumi abali-12 abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu abazange bashiye icuba elilodwa.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iziganeko zomhlaza wamaphaphu kwabangabhemi ziye zanda.
Izizathu
Kuyaziwa ukuba ukutshaya yiyo obangela umdlavuza wemiphunga, ojongene nama-80 ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini lamatyala.
Akuyazi kakuhle ukuba ukunyuka kwama-radon emakhaya ethu yimbangela yesihlandlo yesibini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunye neyona nto ibangela abantu abangabhemi.
I-Radon ibangela amaxesha angama-8 amaninzi omdlavuza wamaphaphu njengomsi wesibini, kwaye abo basengozini enkulu yilabo bachitha ixesha elininzi ekhaya: abafazi nabantwana.
Ukubhengezwa kwezemisebenzi kubangelwa imbangela ebalulekileyo, ukulandelelanisa Amaphesenti angama-27 emdlavuza wamaphaphu kumadoda. Olunye umdlavuza wamaphaphu lubangele ukuvezwa komsi wesibini kunye nokungcola komoya.
Iimpawu
Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wemiphunga ziquka umkhuhlane ongahambiyo okanye ukukhwehlela igazi. Nangona kunjalo, kuma-25 ekhulwini abantu, akukho zibonakaliso ezikhoyo. Iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wamaphaphu zihlala ziphosakele ngenye ingxaki, ezifana nokusuleleka kwintsholongwane, ukunyuka kwesifo, okanye intlungu yomzimba emagxeni, ngasemva okanye esifubeni. Abanye banokuzigxotha njengenguqu "eziqhelekileyo" eziza kuguga okanye ukuguquka.
Inqaku elithandekayo - elinye elithandekayo kunokuba lingenza umehluko ekusindiseni ubomi - kukuba iimpawu zomdlavuza wemiphunga zihlala zihluke kubafazi ngaphandle kokuba ziphakathi kwamadoda, kunye neempawu zomdlavuza wemiphunga kwabangabhemi bahlala behluke kwabo bantu bashushu.
Inqaku kunye neempawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangewokutshaya zihlala zihluke nakwabantu abashushu. Ngokwesiko, ukutshaya kwakunokubangela ukuba uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu lukhule kufuphi nomoya omkhulu, kwaye ngoko ke wabangela ukukhwehlela nokukhwehlela igazi. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabasetyhini nabangabhemi - i-lung adenocarcinoma - ikhula ngokukhula kwimimandla engaphandle yemiphunga. Kule ndawo, iimpawu zokuqala zihlala ziphefumle ngokuphefumula kunye nokukhathala jikelele.
Ukusinda kwiiRhafu ziPhuculo
Umlinganiselo weminyaka emi-5 wokusinda komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngowama-16 ukuya kwe-18 kuphela kwipesenti kodwa uphucula ngisho nabantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Xa umhlaza wemiphunga ubanjwe kwiinqanaba zokuqala, amazinga okusinda aphezulu kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwe-cancer yomlenze ngoku kufumaneka kulabo abaye bavutha kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwaye nabani na abaneembali zokutshaya kufuneka bathethe nodokotela wabo, nokuba ngaba bayeka ukutshaya iminyaka elishumi edlulileyo.
Imithombo:
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. I-Cancer Statistics. Ukuhlaziywa 03/23/16. http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/statistics/
National Cancer Institute. I-Epidemiology kunye neZiphumo zokugqibela. I-SEER Stat Fact Sheets: I-Lung Cancer Bronchus. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html#yingozi -kuphela