Ukunqongophala kwe-IgA
Ukuntuleka kwe-immunoglobulin A (IgA) yona nto ixhaphakileyo yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ibonakala ngokuphantsi kakhulu kumanqanaba angabikho e-IgA egazini legazi, ezinokubangela ukunyuka kwezonyango ezibandakanya izibilini, ezifana nezindlebe, isono, imiphunga kunye nesondlo sesisu. Abantu abanokukhubazeka kwe-IgA kwingozi enkulu yezinye izifo, kubandakanywa nezifo ezizimele, izifo zesisu, izifo ezithintekayo, kwakunye neendlela ezibi kakhulu zokuzikhusela komzimba.
Yintoni i-IgA?
I-IgA yintsholongwane eninzi kakhulu eveliswa ngumzimba kwaye ikhona emibini kwigazi kunye nakwimfihlelo efihliweyo kwi-membranes. Inxaxheba ebaluleke kakhulu ye-IgA kukukhusela ekuchaseni ukusuleleka kwiibhakteria ezininzi ezikhoyo kwiimbrane ezinamaqabunga. I-IgA yenza iingubo zokugqoka ubuso beebhaktheriya, ezitshabalaliswa zizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuzivikela.
Yintoni i-IgA Imfuno?
Ukungabi nakwi-IgA kuchazwa ngokungabikho ngokupheleleyo, okanye ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, le-IgA njengoko lilinganiselwe egazini, ekusetyenzisweni kwamanqanaba e-antibody ( IgG ne-IgM) eqhelekileyo. Ixabiso elincinci le-IgA eliphantsi alihambisani nokuntuleka kwe-IgA.
Nangona i-IgA isweleko ihlelwa njengendlela yokuzikhusela i-immunodeficiency, 85-90% yabantu abane-IgA abanqongophala abanalo iimpawu ezinxulumene nemeko yabo. Uninzi lwabantu lufunyaniswa njengesiphumo sokunikezela ngegazi, apho abantu aba-1 kubo bonke abantu abangama-300 bafunyanwa ukuba banakho ukungena kwe-IgA.
Ukuntula kwe-IgA kubangelwa ukuphuhliswa kweefom zegazi ezimhlophe emzimbeni (ii -cell kunye ne / okanye iiseli ze-T ), ezidla ngokuba ngenxa yezinto ezingafaniyo eziphathekayo kwiintsapho.
Ziziphi iimpawu zokunqongophala kwe-IgA?
Abanye, kodwa akusiyo yonke into, abantu abane-IgA abangakwazi ukufumana izifo ezibandakanya izibilini, ezifana nezono ( sinusitis ), iindlebe eziphakathi ( imithwalo ye-otitis media ), imiphunga ( imiphunga ), kunye nesiginci (i-Giardiasis).
Akwaqondwa ukuba kutheni abantu abaninzi abane-IgA abanakho ukunyuka kwiintsholongwane nantoni na, kutheni abanye banengxaki eninzi kule nkunkuma.
Ukuntuleka kwe-IgA kudibaniswa nezinye izifo zesisu, kuquka ukunyamezela kwe-lactose , isifo se-celiac kunye nesifo sezilonda zesilonda. Izifo zeCeliac ziqhelekileyo zifunyaniswa ngokuba nobukho be-IgA antibodies malunga namaprotheni athile kwipatheni yesisu, okuqinisekileyo, ayifumaneki kumntu onesifo sesibini kunye ne-IgA. Esikhundleni saloo ndlela, i-IgG antibodies malunga neeprotheni ezifanayo kulindeleke ukuba ibe khona kumntu onesifo esiqhekezayo. Ngako oko, umntu okhankanywa ukuba nesifo se-celiac kufuneka ahlolwe ukungabi nako kwe-IgA ngexesha lokuvavanya igazi ngenxa yesifo esiqinileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuhlolwa okuqhelekileyo kwesi sifo esiqhekezayo akuyi kuba yiphumo elibi elibi ngenxa ye-IgA.
Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba ubuncinane isiqingatha sabo bonke abantu abane-IgA ukusilela kunesimo sokwanda kweemeko ezikhuselekisayo, kubandakanywa intsholongwane ye-hay , i- asthma , i- eczema , imihlathi kunye nokutya kokutya . Abanye abantu abane-IgA ngokwaneleyo benza i-antibodies antigen ( IgE ) ngokumelene ne-IgA antibodies kwaye ngenxa yengozi yokwandisa i- anaphylaxis ngenxa yokufumana igazi.
Ngako oko, abantu abane-IgA abangenayo kufuneka bagqoke isalathisi sokulumka kwezokwelapha ukwenzela ukuba ukuba ukuxilongwa kwegazi ngokukhawuleza kuyimfuneko, imveliso yegazi ngaphandle kwama-anti-IgA angasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ithuba lokufumana i-anaphylaxis.
Abantu abalahlekileyo be-IgA nabo banomngcipheko okhulayo wezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka nezifo ezithile zegazi (ezifana ne- ITP , iTTP, ne-hemolytic anemia), isifo se-rheumatoid, i- systemic lupus erythematosus kunye ne-Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Ezi zifo zenzeka malunga nama-20-30% abantu abane-IgA.
Ezinye ii-cancer, ngokukodwa ezinomdlavuza wamathumbu kunye ne- lymphomas , nazo zifumaneka kumazinga aphezulu kubantu abane-IgA.
Ekugqibeleni, abanye abantu abanokukhubazeka kwe-IgA banokuthi baqhube phambili ekugqithiseni iifomu zokuzikhusela komzimba, ezifana nokuguquka kwe-immunodeficiency variable (CVID).
Yiyiphi iNyango yokuLinga kwe-IgA?
Unyango oluphambili lwe-IgA ukusilela kukuba unyango lwezifo okanye izifo ezinxulumene nazo. Abantu abanesifo se-IgA kunye neengxaki eziphindaphindiweyo kufuneka baphathwe ngaphambilana kwaye bahlasele kakhulu ngamayeza okulwa ne-antibiotic kunomntu ongenalo i-IgA. Ukugonywa ngokuchasene nezifo eziqhelekileyo, ezifana neenguqu ezibulawe (eziphilayo ezigulane zentsholongwane kufuneka zigwenywe) zegciwane lokugonya umkhuhlane kunye nokugonya kwe- pneumococcal , kufuneka kunikwe abantu abane-IgA. Ukubekwa esweni kwimeko yezifo ezizimelayo, izifo zesisu, izifo ezithintekayo, i-cancer, kunye nokunyuka kwe-immunodeficiency kufuneka kwakhona kwenziwe ngokuqhelekileyo kubantu abanokukhubazeka kwe-IgA.
Umthombo:
Yel L. Ukukhethwa kwe-IgA Ukunqongophala. J Clin Immunol. 2010; 30: 10-16.
ISICELO: Ingcaciso equlethwe kule sayithi iinjongo zemfundo kuphela, kwaye ayifanele isetyenziswe njengenxalenye yokunyamekelwa ngumntu ogqirha. Nceda ubone ugqirha wakho ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango lweyiphi na imayelana nempawu okanye imeko yonyango.