Ukuba unesibeleko sebele, i- lumpectomy , okanye i- mastectomy eyenziwe kwaye ubuyisele iziphumo kwi-lab yokubhubhisa, uya kufuna ukuqonda ukuba yintoni inxalenye yesigcaziso sithetha ngayo kuwe. Isalathiso sihambelana nokukhethwa kwonyango kunye namazinga okusinda.
Enye yemibuzo yokuqala enokuyibuza kukuba, "Ngaba umhlaza usasazeka ngaphaya kwesisu, okanye yonke indawo?" Okwangoku, akukho vavanyo olulula olukunika impendulo yaloo mbuzo, kodwa kukho inkqubo yokubeka umdlavuza kwisigaba, ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezintathu.
Inkqubo ye-TNM ye-Stast Cancer Staging
Inkqubo yesiteji kakhulu esetyenziswa kakhulu yi- TNM system.
- T isetyenziselwa ukuThatya. Kulo mfanekiso (mammogram okanye i-ultrasound) ye-tumor, i-radiologist inokulinganisa ubungakanani besisu. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunzima ukwenza, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba le-tumor ngokumalunga nefilimu yomfanekiso, okanye ukuba i-tumor ingaphakathi ngaphakathi kwebele. I-tumor ayinakwenzeka, okanye imida yangaphandle engavumelekanga, ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuba ngumfanekiso otyumkileyo. Abahlali bejikeleze, kwaye banokude baba ngaphezu kwabo. Indlela echanekileyo yokufumana ubungakanani besifo sinokukhupha yonke into, kwaye uyilinganise. Ubukhulu bomzimba buhlukaniswe ngamaqela amane: i-T-1 ivela kwi-0 - 2 centimeters, i-T-2 ivela kwi-2 - 5 cm, i-T-3 ingaphezulu kwe-5cm, kwaye i-T-4 iyisisu sobuphi na ubukhulu obuye (ulwelwe) ulusu okanye lufakwe eludongeni lwesifuba.
- N isetyenziselwa isimo seLymph Node. Ekubeni umhlaza unokuhamba ngomzimba wakho kwi-lymph system, kubalulekile ukuba ube ne- lymph nodes ezikufuphi i-tumor ehlolwe ngumhlaza kunye ne-micro-metastasis. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokujonga i-lymph nodes: ngokuthintela, kunye nokuhlinzwa. Ukuba i-lymph nodes yakho ihlolwe ngothintelo, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba (ukuziva) ulusu nje ngaphezu kwee-lymph nodes, kwaye ulinganise. Ukuba ugqirha awukwazi ukuziva naluphi na ama-node avuvukileyo, ukulinganiswa ngu-N-0, ukuba ugqirha unokuziva ukuvuvukala kwaye ucinga ukuba ama-node ayenayo (umdlavuza) ukulinganisa ngu-N-1. Ukuba i-lymph nodes zivakalelwa ngathi ziyavuvukala kwaye zihlanganiswe ndawonye (kunokuba zi-lumpy), zilinganiswa i-N-2, okanye ukuba zikufutshane ne-collarbone, zilinganiswa yi-N-3. Indlela yesibini yokuvavanya i-lymph nodes i- nodeal node biopsy.
- M isetyenziselwa iMetastasis. I-Metastasis ithinta isigaba somhlaza. Ukuba isampuli yama-nodes ahanjisiwe kwaye ahlolwa, kwaye acacile ngomhlaza, anikezwe i-M-0, kodwa ukuba abanomdlavuza wesibeleko okanye i-micrometastasis kubo, balinganiswe M-1. Oku kukuxelela ukuba i-tumor ichithe iiseli ngaphaya kweendawo zayo zangaphambili, kwaye loo mhlaza ungaba kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Ulwazi lonke lwe-TNM luya kudibaniswa kabini, kanye ngunyango ogqirha, kwaye kwakhona nge-pathologist ebhodini. Iingcali nganye ziya kunika uluvo malunga nomhlaza ngokubhekiselele kwisigaba se-TNM. Ayikho yale mibono eya kuba yimpendulo ngqo "yintoni na umgca wesi sifo?" Unokudinga ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nalo, njengale
- i- hormone receptor status (ichithwe yi-hormone)
- ibanga le-tumor (isivinini sokukhula)
- kwaye ukuba isasazekile (i-metastasized)
- apho uye wahamba khona emzimbeni wakho
Zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela ukuxilongwa kwakho kwaye ziya kuqwalaselwa ekujongeni iinketho zakho zokonyango.
Izigaba ezine zeCanscer Breast
Kukho izigaba ezine zomhlaza webele, kwaye ukuxilongwa kwakho kuxhomekeke kwisilinganiselo se-TNM yesisu. I-carcinomas ye-precancerous ibizwa ngokuba yiNqanaba leZero . Nantsi indlela isigaba kunye neenombolo ze-TNM ezichaphazelekayo.
- Isigaba 1 sithetha ukuba unesifo se-T-1 kunye ne-lymph nodes ecacileyo kungekho bungqina bemiastasis, okanye i-T1N0M0.
- Isigaba sesi-2 sinokungenani izihlathululo ezintathu, ezidibanisa i-T1, T2, okanye i-T3, i-lymph nodes, okanye akukho metastasis; umzekelo T1N0M0.
- Isigaba sesi-3 sinokungenani iziqendu ezintathu, ezivela kumxube naluphi na ubukhulu besisu, i-lymph nodes ezilungileyo okanye iindawo ezikuloo ndawo, kwaye akukho mastasis; umzekelo T3N1M0.
- Isigaba sesi-4 sibizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wesibeleko se-metastatic kwaye silinganiswe ngokuba naluphi na ubukhulu besisu, i-lymph nodes okanye i-metastasis ecacileyo, umzekelo, T1N1M1.
Uhlobo lwe-Tumor lulinganiselwa njani
Ubunzima bomzimba bulinganiswa ngu-radiologist usebenzisa i-mammogram okanye umfanekiso wes ultrasound osithathiweyo. Kodwa akuzona zonke izicubu ezilula, imilo ejikelezileyo elula ukulinganisa. Ngokomzekelo, i-tumor ingaxiliswa njengezambatho ezibhakiweyo kunye nomfanekiso unokuthi ube ngombono apho i-radiologist ayikwazi ukubona yonke imilinganiselo. Kwaye kunzima ukuqikelela ububanzi be-tumor.
Ukufumana umfanekiso oMnandi we-Tumor
Kwinkqubo yokuqala yokufumana zonke iinkcukacha malunga nomhlaza wakho, ufumana umfanekiso ocacileyo we-tumor. Xa kuziwa ukulinganisa ubukhulu be-tumor yakho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, oogqirha bancike kwiziphumo zophando lweengcamango. Masiqhathanise iindlela ezisemgangathweni zengcamango yokufuba:
- I-Mammogram: I-film yammography yemveli ingasetyenziselwa ukufanisa izicubu zesifuba, kodwa ichanekile kangangoko kwiimpawu zesifuba. Ukuba uneminyaka engaphambili okanye ungakhange ukhulelwe, amabele akho angakwazi ukufihla amaninzi, okwenza kube nzima ukulinganisa. Kodwa ukuba u-post-menopausal, unamafutha ebele, okanye ukhulelwe, ifilimu mammography ingakwazi ukulinganisa i-tumor yakho ngokuchanekileyo. I-Digital mammography isebenze kakuhle kwiisisu ezincinci kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukufumana ubungakanani obubuninzi bomlinganiselo.
- I-Breast Ultrasound: Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-compress, i- ultrasound inkulu ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe- cyst ene-fluid egcwele amanzi kunye nobukhulu obukhulu obufana nesisu. I-Ultrasound ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza umlinganiselo wesisu sebele. Kodwa ingaba yinto echanileyo ngaphantsi kwe-mammogram, njengoko sele ifunyenwe ukuba ingathinteli ubunzima be-tumor.
- I-Breast MRI: I- MRI ayinakuvuthwa kwaye ayibuhlungu, kwaye ayisebenzisi nenye imisebe yokudala imifanekiso yeempawu zesifuba sakho. Nangona i-mammogram ingayifumana isicebo sakho, i-MRI ingadingeka ukuba uyilinganise ukuba izicubu zakho zesifuba zininzi okanye ukuba i-biopsy yakho ibonisa ukuba ubunzima bukhulu kunokuba kulindeleke. I-MRI ingasetyenziselwa ngexesha le-neoadjuvant chemotherapy ukujonga inkqubela yeyeza. Nangona i-MRI ingenza umfanekiso ocacileyo we-tumor yakho, ithambekele ekugqibeleni ukulinganisela ubungakanani bobukhulu emithathu.
Iziphumo zokuPhepha kwePathological
Izifundo ze-Biopsies kunye nezifundo zengcamango zenza i-ballpark esondeleyo yesisu sakho. Kodwa udinga ubungakanani besisu somzimba ukuze wenze izigqibo zonyango ezingcono. Udokotela wakho ogqirha uya kusebenzisa ulwazi oluvela kwimvavanyo yangaphambili njengesikhokelo xa ususa isisu sakho. Emva kwe-lumpectomy okanye i-mastectomy, izicubu zakho zesifuba esiswini ziya kudibaniswa nezicubu zakho ze-biopsy, kwaye i-pathologist iya kuhlola ubuninzi bobunzima. Ukulinganiswa kwesifo se-tumor yakho isilinganiselo segolide sobunzima besisu. Ingxelo yakho ye-pathology ingxelo iya kufutshane isifo sakho somhlaza wesisu.
Izizathu zoKukhwashisa okuBonayo
Ngoku ukuba uyazi ukuba ingxelo yakho yokupasa ukuhlinzwa yindlela engcono yokufumana ubungakanani bakho be-tumor, unokuthi ubuze, "Kutheni singenzi nje ukuhlinzwa kuqala kwaye siyeke zonke ezi mvavanyo?" Izifundo zakho ze-biopsy kunye nokucatshulwa kwenzelwe ukwenzela ukukukhokela kunye nodokotela wakho ogqirha ekwenzeni ukhetho olusisigxina kakhulu ekusebenzisweni kwebele.
Ukuba i-lumpectomy iya kususa umhlaza wakho, unokukwazi ukukhusela i-mastectomy. Kodwa ukuba i-neoadjuvant chemo inokunciphisa i-tumor yakho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ngoko unokudinga iishubhu ezingaphantsi. Kwezinye iimeko, njengomdlavuza webele we-breast -spread disasters, i-mastectomy ingaba yindlela yokukhetha kuphela. Ukuba unolwazi olubanzi kunye nokuqonda iimpembelelo zakho iimvavanyo kukunceda wenze iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo, izigqibo zonyango.
Ukucwangciswa koNyulo kunye noDokotela wakho
Xa uceba ugqirha u tyelele, kwaye uyazi ukuba uya kuxubusha ukuxilongwa kwakho, iziphumo zebhu, okanye izicwangciso zonyango, unokufuna ukucela umntu ukuba eze kunye nawe, ukuba athathe amanqaku. Ukuba oko akunakwenzeka, ukuthatha irekhodi encinci kunye neengcamango ezilungileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha xa sifumana iindaba ezingathandekiyo, kuphazamiseka iingqondo zethu okanye iimvakalelo zethu, kwaye sinokuyeka ukuthatha ingxoxo. Ukuba nesihlobo okanye umhlobo oxhasayo unokuncedisa, kokubili ukugcina irekhodi lemibuzo kunye nezimpendulo nangokukunika umququzelelo womzwelo. Qiniseka ukuba umhlobo wakho okanye isihlobo sakho singagcina ulwazi lwakho lwezempilo ngasese ukuba ngaba ufuna oko.
Imithombo
I-Cancer Stage, iNational Cancer Institute.