Imithetho Ukukhawulela ukuhamba kwexesha elifutshane kwiintsuku ezingama-90 okanye ngaphantsi
Kwakuphela ngo-2009 ukuba iUnited States ekugqibeleni iphakanyise iminyaka engama-22 ngokuvalwa kwabahambi abane- HIV , umthetho owenqabela bonke abantu abanegciwane ukuba bafumane ii-visas zokutyelela okanye indawo yokuhlala yokuhlala. Umyalelo, owaqalwa nguGeorge HW Bush ngo-2008, wawusayinwe ngokomthetho nguBarack Obama ngo-Oktobha 30, 2009.
Ngelixa kwenziwa iinzame zokuphelisa imithetho efanayo kwihlabathi, iNgcaciso yeSigqeba seNgcaciso ye-HIV-Related Related restrictions (i-European joint initiative epapashwe yi-International AIDS Society) ithi ingxelo yamazwe angama-66 ayaziwa ngokuba nemithetho ethile yokungena kubantu abane-HIV .
Kulaba bantu, 18 baqanjwa ngokuthi baneemithetho enokuthi (okanye okanye inokuthi) inokuchaphazela abantu abahamba ngeentsuku ezili-90 okanye ngaphantsi.
Imimiselo yokuhamba ngeHIV kwi-Practice
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele, nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho ukungabikho kokucacileyo malunga nale mithetho, abanye bengabhekiseli kwi-HIV ngokuthe ngqo (kuchaza kuphela "izifo ezithathelwanayo") okanye ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho yonke into eqinile, ukuba kunjalo. Ngaloo ndlela, iimvavanyo ezinikezwe ngezantsi zidibene ngokubhekiselele ekuboneni ukuba isenzo "siya," "sinako" okanye "sinokuthi" senzeke.
Ngokufanayo, kukho ukungabikho kokucacileyo malunga nokungenisa izidakamizwa ze- antiretroviral-nokuba ngaba iziyobisi zivunyelwe ukuba zisebenzise; kungakanani oku kungeniswa khona ukuba kuvumelekile; okanye ukuba loo nto inelungelo lokukhanyela ukungena.
Ngenxa yezi zizathu, kucetyiswa ukuba uhlala uthetha kunye ne-consulate okanye ubhammeli naziphi na iindawo ezidibeneyo ukuba uceba ukutyelela.
Amazwe anezilungiso zokungena kwiintlobo zee-HIV-Positive and Other Visa
| Izwe | Imiqathango yokuVakasha | Imiqathango yokuhlala | Iziganeko (s) |
| Bhutan | Akukho mvavanyo yokuhlolwa kwe-HIV kubahambi abahlala kwiintsuku ezili-14 okanye ngaphantsi. Ukuhlala kweendwendwe ezide kunyanzelekile ukuba uvavanyo lwe-HIV lugqibe iinyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi kokuba zifike. | Ukuhlala kweendwendwe ezide kunyanzelekile ukuba uvavanyo lwe- HIV lugqibe iinyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi kokuba zifike. | Ukulahlwa kokungena okanye ukuthunjwa kungenzeka ngokubakho ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwe-HIV. |
| Bruneyi | Akukho vavanyo olufunekayo kubakhenkethi, kodwa abo baziwa ngokuba ne-HIV banqatshelwe ukungena. | Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kuyadingeka nakubani na ofaka isicelo somsebenzi okanye ukufunda i-visa./sub> | Ukuxothwa xa i-HIV iqinisekiswa. |
| Ekhwithoriyal Gini | Ukuqinisekiswa kokugonywa kwe-yellow fever kuyadingeka kubo bonke abahambahambayo (ngakumbi kubalulekile ekubeni isitofu sokugonywa kwe-yellow fever akufanele sisebenzise kulabo abaneengxelo ze- CD4 ngaphantsi kwe-200 okanye i- HIV yesifo ). Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-HIV-negative test mayingadingeka. | Ukuqinisekiswa kokugonywa kwe-yellow fever kuyadingeka kubo bonke abahambahambayo (ngakumbi kubalulekile ekubeni isitofu sokugonywa kwe-yellow fever akufanele sisebenzise kulabo abaneengxelo ze- CD4 ngaphantsi kwe-200 okanye i-HIV yesifo). Ukuqinisekiswa kwesatifikethi sokuvavanya nge-HIV singasadingeka. | Ubume be-HIV bunokubangela ukungala ukungena okanye ukuxoshwa. |
| Iran | Akukho nqandezelo kubahambi abavakatye kwiinyanga ezintathu. Nangona kunjalo, abahambi baseMzantsi Afrika banokufuneka bathathe uvavanyo lwe-HIV ngaphambi kokuba bangene kwaye bafanele baqhagamshelane no-ambassy ngaphambi kokuhamba. | Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-HIV-negative test is needed for anyone applying for work or visa resident. | IiVas ziyakwenyulwa ukuba umhambi unentsholongwane kaGawulayo. |
| Irakh | Zonke ezihlala ngaphaya kweentsuku ezili-10 zifuna uvavanyo lwe-HIV kwi-laboratory yelizwe. | Zonke ezihlala ngaphaya kweentsuku ezili-10 zifuna uvavanyo lwe-HIV kwi-laboratory yelizwe. | Ubume be-HIV bungabangela ukungavumi ukungena okanye ukuxoshwa (izidibanisi ezingabandakanywa). |
| Jordan | Abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo banokungavumi ukungena ekulawuleni umda xa befunyanwa ukuba ne-HIV, kubandakanywa nokuba ne- antiretrovirals . | Abafokazi bahlala ixesha elingaphezu kweenyanga ezintathu kufuneka banikezele ubungqina bokuvavanywa kwe-HIV . | Abantu abane-HIV baya kunqandwa ukungena okanye bathunjelwe. |
| Kyrgystan | Akukho vavanyo lwe-HIV lufunekayo ukuhlala kweentsuku ezingaphantsi kweentsuku ezingama-30. Ukuhlala kwiintsuku ezingaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-30 kufuna ubungqina be-HIV. | Ukuhlala kwiintsuku ezingaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-30 kufuna iimpepha ze-HIV-negative status. | Ukulahlwa kokungena okanye ukuthunjwa kungabangela abantu abane-HIV eyaziwayo. |
| Gini eNtsha yasePapuwa | Iimviwo zonyango zingafuneka, kubandakanywa novavanyo lwe-HIV, kubo bonke abahambahambayo abaneminyaka eli-16 okanye ngaphezulu. | Iimviwo zonyango zingafuneka, kubandakanywa novavanyo lwe-HIV, kubo bonke abahambahambayo abaneminyaka eli-16 okanye ngaphezulu. | Ukungena kungavunyelwa ukuba umhambi unesandulela ngculazi. |
| Khwatha | Abahambi abahlala ixesha elide kuneenyanga bafuneka ukuba bavavanye i-HIV eKatar. Akukho maxwebhu avela kwamanye amazwe amkelwe. | Abahlali okanye abafaki zicelo ze-visa kufuneka bathathe uvavanyo lwe-HIV kwinyanga enye yokufika kwiziko likaRhulumente. | Nabani na ovavanyayo othe tye uya kunqatshelwa ukungena okanye ukuthunjwa. |
| Rhashiya | Akukho vavanyo lwe-HIV olufunekayo kwiindwendwe ezihlala zingaphantsi kweenyanga ezintathu. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lwentsholongwane kaGawulayo lufunekayo kulabo abafaka izicelo ezininzi zokuhlala kwii-visa. | Abantu abafaka isicelo somsebenzi kunye neefayuni zabafundi mababe neempendulo zolu vavanyo lwe-HIV phambi kokungena. | Abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo banokungenwa ukungena okanye ukuxoshwa. |
| Singapho | Akukho vavanyo lwe-HIV olufunekayo ukuba iindwendwe zihlale iintsuku ezingama-30 okanye ngaphantsi. I-antiretrovirals ezenzelwe ukusetyenziswa komntu ngamnye kufuneka zivunywe yiGunya lezeNzululwazi yezeMpilo (HAS). Uxwebhu lwe-HIV-negative test luyimfuneko kulabo bahlala ixesha elingaphezu kweentsuku ezingama-30. Izatifikethi zamanye amazwe zamkelwe. | Uxwebhu lwe-HIV-negative test luyadingeka ngaphambi kokungena. Izatifikethi zamanye amazwe zamkelwe. | Abantu abane-HIV banokungavunyelwa ukungena okanye baxoshwa. Abatshati abane-HIV abemi baseSingapore bayakhululwa. |
| Isiqithi saseSolomon | Uxwebhu lokuhlolwa kwe-HIV lufunekayo ukuze uhlale ngaphezu kweentsuku eziyi-90. | Uxwebhu lokuhlolwa kwe-HIV lufunekayo ukuze uhlale ngaphezu kweentsuku eziyi-90. | Abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo banokungenwa ukungena okanye ukuthunjwa. |
| Sudan | Iimviwo zovavanyo ezingekho phantsi kwe-HIV zingacelwa ukuba zingene, ngokwemithetho (nangona oku kungenakwenziwa ngokusebenzayo). | Uxwebhu lwe-HIV-negative test ufuneka ukuba uhlale ixesha elide kuneentsuku ezingama-90. | Umphumo we-HIV unokubangela ukukhanyela ukungena okanye ukuthunjwa. |
| Suriname | Abantu abavela e-Afrika, e-Asia naseMpuma Yurophu bafuna isitifiketi sempilo esichaza ukungabikho kwe-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezithintekayo. Ama-antiretrovirals avunyelwe ukungeniswa ekuzisetyenziseni xa ehamba kunye nomyalelo wonyango. | Abantu abavela e-Afrika, e-Asia naseMpuma Yurophu bafuna isitifiketi sempilo esichaza ukungabikho kwe-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezithintekayo . | Ukungena kunganqatshwa okanye ukuthunjwa kungenzeka kubantu abane-HIV. |
| ETaiwan | Akukho zithintelo kwiindwendwe ezihlala kwiinyanga ezintathu. Ama-antiretrovirals angeniswa ekusebenziseni. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lwe-HIV lufunekayo kulabo bahlala ixesha elingaphezu kweentsuku ezingama-30 kwaye banikwe xa kungena. | Uvavanyo lwe-HIV lufunekayo kulabo bahlala ixesha elingaphezu kweentsuku ezingama-30 kwaye banikwe xa kungena. | Abantu abaziwa ngokuba ne-HIV banqatshelwe ukungena, kwaye abo abaneendawo zokuhlala iifas emva koko bafumene ukuba ne-HIV baya kunikwa iinyanga ezintathu ukuba bashiye ilizwe. |
| Thunishiya | Akukho zithintelo kwiindwendwe ezihlala iintsuku ezingama-30. Ama-antiretrovirals ukusetyenziswa ngabanye avunyelwe. Nangona kunjalo, ngabahambi abahlala ixesha elingaphezu kweentsuku ezingama-30 banokufuneka bahlolwe i-HIV. | Abantu abafaka isicelo somsebenzi okanye i-visa yabafundi kufuneka bahlolwe i-HIV. | Ayingcolile |
| ETurks naseCaicos Islands | Akukho zithintelo kwiindwendwe ezihlala iintsuku ezingama-30. Nangona kunjalo, abo baceba ukuhlala ixesha elingaphezu kweentsuku ezingama-30 kufuneka ukuba bavavanywe nge-HIV emva kokufika. | Ukuvavanywa kwe-HIV kuyadingeka kulabo abafaka isicelo se-visa. | Abantu abane-HIV abavunyelwe ukusebenza okanye bahlale kwiziqithi. Izilungiso kwiindwendwe ziyacaca kwaye zingenako ukunyanzeliswa. |
| United Arab Emirates (UAE) | Akukho mfuneko yokuvavanya kwabakhenkethi, nangona i- antiretrovirals ayikwazi ukungeniswa. | Uvavanyo lwe-HIV olufunekayo kumsebenzi kunye nee-visa ezihlala kuzo, okufuneka kwenziwe kwi-UAE emva kokufika. Amaxwebhu angaphandle kwe-HIV ayamkelwanga. | Kwabo bafuna ukuvavanya i-HIV, umphumo we-HIV unokukhokelela ekukhanyeleni ukungena. Nabani na umfokazi ofunyenwe kamva ukuba une-HIV naye unokuthunjwa. |
Imithombo:
U-Preston, J. "U-Obama uphakamisela ukungena kwi-US ngabantu abane-HIV-positive." ENew York Times; papashwe ngo-Oktobha 30, 2009.
I-Databases e-Global kwiZithintelo zohambo lweeHIV ezinxulumene neHIV. "Amazwe anezithintelo zokuhlala kwexesha elifutshane (