Ukuhambela abantu abaphila ne-HIV kunokuxininisa, ngakumbi xa behamba phesheya okanye ngaphaya kwemida emide. Ingabandakanya ukugonywa okanye unyango olukhethekileyo xa u tyelela amazwe athile okanye ufune ukuba utshintshe isimiso sakho se-dosing xa uhamba ngeendidi ezininzi.
Kwezinye iimeko, kunokukho nokuba nemithetho okanye imimiselo evimba ukuhamba kwabahambi be-HIV.
Kodwa, ukulungiselela kubalulekile ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lokuhamba kunye nokuphepha iingxaki kunye neengxaki ezinokuthi zonakalise uhambo olugqibeleleyo.
Iimpawu zokuhamba
Abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-12 baseMerika bahamba phesheya unyaka ngamnye, ngenani elikhulayo elenza uhambo oluya kumazwe aphuhlisayo. Ngokutsho kwamaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC) ye-US, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha saba bahambi baya kugula, kunye nezizathu ezivela ekusulelekeni kwintsholongwane ukuya kwingozi kwiindawo zokutya okanye eziphatheka ngamanzi.
Abantu abaneenkqubo zokuzivikela ezikhuselekileyo basemngciphekweni. Oku akukona nje ukuxhalabisa kubantu abanesifo se -HIV kwisithuba esilandelayo ( izibalo ze-CD4 ngaphantsi kweeseli ezingama-200 / mL), kodwa nakwabasebenzi abane-immune (CD4 counts between 200-500 cells / mL).
Xa uceba uhambo oluya kwilizwe eliphuhlisayo, izitofu ziyakuthi zinconywe kuzo zonke iindwendwe, i-HIV okanye ayikho. Oku kukukunceda ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba izifo ezithathelwanayo ezixhaphakileyo kulo mmandla (ezifana nomkhuhlane we-typhoid okanye isifo sofuba) kugwenywa.
Ngamanye amaxesha, amayeza omlomo wokukhusela anganyulwa.
Ngelixa ezininzi zeemveliso zicebise kakhulu phambi kwe-HIV, ezinye azikho. Enyanisweni, ezininzi ezibizwa ngokuba zizifo eziguliswayo (izitofu ezenziwe ngentsholongwane yegciwane eliphilayo) zichasene nabantu abane-HIV abanokufumana izifo kunokubathintela.
Ezinye izigulane ezigulisiweyo, ezinjengezo zintsholongwane ephuzi , zilungele kakuhle abantu abanezempilo abane-HIV. Abanye, njengegciwane lesifo se-typhoid, kufuneka bagwenywe kubo bonke abantu abane-HIV, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yi-CD4 count.
Umgaqo ogqwesileyo wesohlwayo kukudibana nogqirha wakho ezine ukuya kwiiveki ezintandathu ngaphambi kohambo lwangaphandle kwelokuba uxoxe ngeziphi izitofu kunye / okanye iziyobisi zokukhusela zilungile. Unokujonga iWebhsayithi yezeMpilo yabahambi, elawulwa yiCDC, malunga neengcebiso zezempilo kunye neengcebiso zezohambo.
Ukuba awukwazi ukugonyelwa ngenxa yezizathu, ugqirha wakho unokukhupha isatifikethi sokuxolelwa esichazela ukuba kutheni unyango olungenakukhutshwa. Cetyiswa, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuxoshwa akuvumelekanga kuwo onke amazwe ( jonga ngezantsi ) kwaye ingaquka ulwazi malunga nesimo sakho se-HIV onokukhetha ukungabelana ngaso.
Kwaye xa ufikile, qaphela naziphi na izifo zamanzi okanye izifo ozifumanayo. Gwema oku kulandelayo xa u tyelela ilizwe elikhulayo:
- Iqhamo kunye nemifuno (amaqabunga ahlanjululwayo anokulungeleka ukuba uye wawacoca)
- Thepha amanzi okanye iqhwa elenziwe ngamanzi epompo (oku kuquka ukuxubha amazinyo akho ngamanzi ompompo)
- Ukupheka okanye inyama eluhlaza
- Ubisi obungabonakaliyo okanye iimveliso zobisi
- Ukutya kuthengwa kubathengisi bezitalato
- Iziphuzo zokunxila ongazizitholanga
IMithetho yeMizwe yoTyelelo kunye neZithintelo
Nangona amaninzi amazwe akanayo imingcele yokuhamba ekunqandeni abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo, kukho i-18 eyenzayo kunye nabanye abaninzi abangenayo imithetho ecacileyo okanye imimiselo elawula ukungena. Ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho kuthatha ukuhluka ngokubanzi, ngokuhlolisisa ngokuqhelekileyo kufakwe kwiindwendwe kunye nabafuduki kunokuba bavakhenkethi abaqhelekileyo.
Ngaphambi kokubhuka nawuphi na uhambo lwangaphandle, qiniseka ukuba ufumene umfanekiso opheleleyo wemithetho yelizwe ngokutyelela iNgcaciso ye-Global, iwebhusayithi engenzi nzuzo ephethwe yi-European AIDS Treatment Group, i-Deutsche AIDS-Hilfe kunye ne-International AIDS Society.
Umxholo uhlaziywa rhoqo kwaye unikezela ulwazi olubalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezininzi ezinokubangela ukuba unokubhenketho okanye umhambi wezorhwebo.
Nangona ilizwe lingenazo izithintelo ezisemthethweni malunga neendwendwe ezine-HIV, ungacingi ukuba uya kwamkelwa ngezandla ezivulekileyo. Ukuba ungathandabuzeki, biza i-embassy, i-consulate, okanye i-ofisi ephakamileyo yekhomishini eceba ukuyivakashela, kwaye ubuze ukuba imithetho yangoku ifana nabantu abane-HIV. Zama ukuba ngqo ngqo kwaye ukhumbule ukuba akufanele utyhile igama lakho okanye isimo sakho se-HIV.
Ukuba, nangaliphi na isizathu, ufanele u tyelele ilizwe elinemiqathango yokungena (yithetha, kubalulekileyo ishishini okanye ukutyelela intsapho), ulinganise ingozi ngokucokisekileyo kwaye qi niqiniseke ukuba unamanani e-ambassy yasekhaya yase-United States okanye i-consulate esandleni. kwiingxaki.
Ekugqibeleni, akunakwenzeka ukuba uya kubuzwa ukuba unayo i-HIV xa ufaka. Ukuba igosa lomlawuli weemida licela ukukhangela isikhwama sakho kwaye ubuze malunga neziyobisi zakho ze-HIV, mxelela nje ukuba bayimeko engapheliyo. Ngaphandle kokuba uzisa amayeza amaninzi, ngokuqhelekileyo abayi kucinezela umba. Sebenzisa isigwebo sakho esona sigqwesileyo kwaye ucinge ukuba ukuhamba kwilizwe elikhuselayo le-HIV lingumdla wakho.
I-inshorensi yempilo
Intshuwalense yezempilo ibaluleke kakhulu xa ihamba njengoko ikhuselekile ekhaya. Qiniseka ukuba ukhangele ukuba ngaba umgaqo-nkqubo uza kubhalela iindleko zesibhedlele ukuba iimeko zokugula okanye ukulimala kwenzeka. Oku kuquka neendleko zokukhutshwa kwee-overseas, ezingenakuthi zifakwe kwimigaqo-inshorensi.
Ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wenkqubela-nkqubo ungapheli, ungayifumana uluhlu lwabanikezeli be-inshurensi yohambo olucetyiswayo evela kwi-Bureau of Consulate Affairs yase-US. Le nkcazelo yeenkcukacha ziyakwazi ukunika iingcebiso malunga noogqirha beendawo kunye nezibhedlele kunye nokubonelela ngolwazi lokuqhagamshelana ne-ambassy yakho yasekufutshane yase-United States, i-consulate, okanye i-mission ye-diplomatic mission.
Cetyiswa ukuba akukho gulane okanye abafumana imichiza abafikelelwa xa behamba phesheya. Abadala bayakukhetha ukuthenga isicwangciso sokuncedisa amayeza (C ngeJ) , equka inkcitho yangxamisekileyo yokuhamba ngexesha elide kwiintsuku ezingama-60 zokuhamba kwakho. Abanye baya kufuna ukuthenga i-inshurensi eyongezelelweyo ezifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zabo.
Smart Pack
Ukulahleka okanye ukungabikho kweziyobisi ze-HIV akunakuchitha kuphela iholide, kunokulimaza impilo yakho. Xa uceba uhambo, ingaba ekhaya okanye ngaphesheya, qiniseka ukupakisha imithi eyongezelelweyo xa uhambo lwakho lwandiswa, i-flight ibalekile, okanye ezinye iziyobisi zonakaliswe okanye zilahleke.
Ukuba uhambo olufutshane, kaninzi luyinto efanelekileyo yokupakisha kabini imali efunekayo. Qiniseka ukuba uhlala uphatha imithi yakho esandleni sakho (hhayi iibhegi zakho ezihlotshweyo) kwaye uzigcine kakuhle kude naziphi na i-liquids okanye i-gels onokuyipakisha. Isikhwama sokukhiya i-zip esivumelekileyo sinokuqhelisa ukukhusela umonakalo wamanzi ngengozi.
Ezinye iziphakamiso zokuqwalasela ziquka:
- Ukuba uhamba emazweni apho izifo ezithwala ummiyane (njenge-feengue fever okanye malaria) zixhaphakile, qi ni sekise ukuba unikezele izinto ezininzi ze-insects eziphikisayo kunye ne-DEET engama-30 ephantsi. I-netting yomtshini (kuquka iimodeli ezichaphazelekayo ne-DEET) zingathengwa kubadayisi be-intanethi kwaye inike umqobo wokukhusela xa ulele.
- Ukwenza izinto zibe lula ekulawuleni umda, unokucela ugqirha wakho ukuba akunike ileta kunye nemigqaliselo yokuchaza ukuba iziyobisi zakho zizisebenzisela ukuphatha unyango olungapheliyo. Ngenye indlela, unokuzisa iipilisi zakho kwibhotile ye-pharmacy engavaliweyo kunye negama lakho eliprintiweyo kwilebula. Kwakhona, ulwazi malunga noxilongo lwe-HIV alufuneki ukuba lufakwe.
- Thabatha ikhadi lakho le-ID yomshuwalense kunye neefom zamabango amaninzi kufuneka ufune ukutyelela ugqirha, ikliniki, okanye igumbi lexakeka xa uhamba. Ngezinye izihlandlo ungayilanda iifom kwiwebhusayithi yakho yokubonelela nge-inshurensi okanye ucele ukuba inkampani yile imeyile ikopi ngaphambi kokuba uhambe.
- Inani lezonyango ze-HIV kufuneka zithathwe ngokutya. Nangona iiphatha ezininzi ezide ziza kunika i-snacks ngexesha le-flight, zithatha ukutya xa kunjalo. Kunconywa, umzekelo, ukuba i- Edurant (rilpivirine) ithathwe ngeekhilomitha ezingama-390 zokutya. Iiprotheyini ze-protein zivame ukhetho oluhle lokubuya.
Uludwe lweShedyuli yoTshintsho
Ukuba uhamba ngaphaya kommandla omnye okanye ngaphezulu, lungiselela ukwenza utshintsho kwishedyuli yakho ye-dosing ukuphepha izikhala kwiinkatho. Ukuba uhambe ngokufutshane, unokukwazi ukugcina kwishedyuli yakho rhoqo ngaphandle kwempembelelo kwishedyuli yakho yokulala okanye yokukhupha.
Ukuhamba ixesha elide kwiindawo ezininzi zexesha, sebenzisa ishedyuli ye-dosing kusengaphambili ukuba unamathele ngokufanelekileyo, amaxesha angamaqela angama-24 ngaphandle kwemimiselo yimihla ngemihla kunye neeyure ezili-12 ngaphandle kwemibandela emihla ngemihla. Izilumkiso zefowuni ezenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo zinokukunceda ngokukodwa, ngokukodwa kwiihambo ezikutshona-ntshona apho ulahlekelwa yiyure kunokuba uzuze.
Ukuvumela ikhefu elikhulu ixesha phakathi kwamanani (okanye ukulahleka kwamanyathelo ngokupheleleyo) kunciphisa izinga lokuthintela kweziyobisi kumsakazo wegazi. Oku kuyinto yokuzama ukuyikhusela njengoko inokukhokelela ekubuyiseni kwemisebenzi yentsholongwane kwaye ibe negalelo ekukhuselweni kweziyobisi ezingekafiki . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uyaphuthelwa umthamo, musa ukwenza i-dose ephindwe kabini ngomgudu wokubamba. Phindela kwiiyure eziyi-12 okanye iiyure ezingama-24, usebenzisa naluphi na ulwalathisi olufunekayo ukugcina umkhondo.
> Imithombo:
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). "Iintlobo zeeNtsholongwane zeMpilo kunye neClusters, i-2000-2010." Izifo ezithathelwanayo. Julayi 2013; 19 (7): 1049-1073.
> I-National Travel and Tourism Office (NTTO). "Ukuhamba Kwangaphakathi Kwangaphakathi Kwemimandla YaseMelika kwiinyanga zonke." EWashington, DC; 2016.
> I-Databases e-Global kwiZithintelo zeThutho ezihambelana ne-HIV. "Amazwe anemiqathango yokuhlala kwexesha elifutshane (
> U / S. IiNkonzo zeMedicaid kunye neeNkonzo zeMagare (CMMS). "Uhambo (xa ufuna uncedo lwezempilo ngaphandle kwe-US" Medicare.gov.
> Ulawulo lweZiko lokuTya kunye neDrug (FDA). "I- Edurant- Highlights of Printing Information." Silver Springs, Maryland; Agasti 2015.