Amacandelo Okukunceda Ufumane kunye Nokhuseleko Olukhuselekileyo
Ubomi bomshuwalense yindlela ebalulekileyo yokukhusela abathandekayo bakho xa usweleka. Ukufumana umgaqo-nkqubo ongezantsi unokuhlala ucelomngeni ukuba ukhulile okanye awukho kwimpilo engcono. Kwabanye abanesimo esingapheliyo okanye esasikhona ngaphambili, kunokubonakala kungenakwenzeka.
Njalo kunjalo ngabantu abaphila ne-HIV. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba unempilweni okanye unamathele kangakanani kunyango, izikhetho zakho namhlanje zimbalwa kwaye zihlandlo ezibiza kakhulu kunokuba umntu oqhelekileyo kulindeleke ukuba ahlawule.
Oko akuthi ukuba awukwazi ukufumana inshorensi yobomi; Kwezinye iimeko, unako. Kodwa inyaniso enzima kukuba i-inshorensi yentsholongwane ye-HIV ingaba yindleko kakhulu, nokuba yinto enzima kakhulu, eyenza ingxaki ingabi nangoko malunga nokufikeleleka kodwa ukufikelela.
Ubomi Bomshuwalense NjengeNcalulo?
Masiqale ngokuxelela ngathi: I-inshurensi kwaye isoloko ikhethekile. Iinkampani ze-inshurensi zisekela iindleko kunye neziqinisekiso kwiingcipheko ze-actuarial, ukudweba umgca wolwazi malunga nokuba ngubani na ongeyingozi. Abakubukeli njengomntu kodwa kunokuba i-amalgam yezinto ezinokubangela ukuba ufe ngaphambi kokuba ufanele.
Ixesha elide kunye elifutshane kukuba i-inshorensi yobomi ngumdlalo wokubheja, kwaye, kubaninzi bango-inshurensi, abantu abane-HIV bawubhegi olubi.
Kodwa ngaba oku kubonakalisa iinyani okanye i-bias ezingenasisiseko ezikhethayo ngokuchasene nentsholongwane yabantu bonke abane-HIV? Xa sibheke ngokuchanekileyo kwimilinganiselo yokusinda , siyazi ngokuqinisekileyo oku:
- Ngokomphando ovela kwiNorth American American Cohort Cohort of Research and Design (NA-ACCORD), oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwiyeza-antiretroviral ngoku angalindela ukuba aphile kwiminyaka yakhe engama-70.
- Uphononongo olwenziwa ngo-2014 yi-Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) luxhase ngakumbi lawo mabango, ekugqibeleni ukuba abantu abaqala unyango lokuqala (xa inani labo le- CD4 lingaphezulu kwe-350) kufuneka bakwazi ukufumana ithuba lokuphila elilinganayo okanye likhulu kunelo luluntu jikelele.
Ngokuthelekiswa, abantu abavuthayo bavale umyinge weminyaka eyi-10 ebomini babo . Nangona oku kungaphakamisi ukuba abayi kuhlawulwa ngabagcini-bhorensi, abayi kuvunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo okanye baxhomekeke kwiipalamyam eziphezulu eziphezulu ezingenakubhema ne-HIV.
Kutheni ama-insurers enqaba ukufihla abantu abane-HIV
Abatshutshisi abakuboni ngendlela efanayo. Injongo yabo kukulawula izingozi kunye nokungaqinisekiyo okunokuchaphazela emacaleni omabini kwiphepha le-balance sheet, kwaye, kubo, iinani linzima kakhulu kubantu abane-HIV. Khawuqwalasele oku:
- Nangona kuzuza kwixesha lokuphila, abantu abane-HIV banakho amathuba okufumana izifo ezinxulumene neHIV ngaphambi kweminyaka ngaphambi kokuba babo bangenayo. Ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, umzekelo, ngokubonakalayo kubonakala kwiminyaka eyi-16 ngaphambili ngaphambili kubantu bonke, ngelixa iintsholongwane ezingekho-HIV ezinxulumene ne-HIV zifunyaniswa naphi na ukusukela kwiminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-15 ngaphambili.
- Nangona iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokulindela ubomi ziye zaphunyezwa ngenxa yonyango lokuqala lwe-antiretroviral , kukho i-gap enkulu kakhulu kwinani labantu abakwazi ukugcina umthwalo wentsholongwane engabonakaliyo. Namhlanje, kuphela malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 zalabo bafumanekayo abane-HIV banako ukuphumeza ukunyanzelwa kwe- HIV , ngelixa isiqingatha esingaphantsi kwesigxina sihlala sikhathalele emva kokuxilongwa.
Ekugqibeleni, abo bango-inshurensi bathi, nokuba akunjani ukuba "umhle" ngumviwa ngamnye, abanako ukulawula into enye ehambelana nobomi obude-nokuba ingaba umntu uya kuthatha iipilisi zakhe.
Ngandlela-thile, i-argument engaphelelwe ixesha inikwe ukuba i-HIV yonyango iphumelele kakhulu kwaye "ixolela" kunexesha elidlulileyo. Sekunjalo, kwimeko yomshuwalense, ukuphathwa okungapheliyo kwesi sifo kufaka i-HIV kwimeko efanayo yengozi njengabantu abahlala ne-heart failure congestive failure.
Ukwahlukana kuphela ukuba akufanele ugule kwiimeko ezingapheliyo ukuba uvinjelwe ekufumaneni i-inshorensi; umele ube ne- HIV.
Ubomi boBomi beNkxaso yeeNtsholongwane
Namhlanje, kukho enye inkampani yomshuwalense e-United States enikela ngokubambisana komntu ngamnye kunye nexesha elide kubomi abane-HIV.
Eyenziwe ngokubambisana ne-Fortune 500 eyi-Prudential Financial Financial, i-AEQUALIS ngumbutho ozimeleyo ugxile ekunikezeni iinkonzo zemali kwiindawo ezigcinwe sisifo.
U-AEQUALIS unikezela ngeenqwelo ezine ze-inshorensi ezahlukileyo, ngasinye sineenkcukacha ezihlukeneyo, imida, kunye nemilinganiselo efanelekileyo:
- Ixesha lomntu ngamnye kunye ne-inshorensi yobomi bemihla ngemihla ephuma kwi $ 100,000 ukuya kuma-4,000,000
- I-inshurensi yexesha eliqhelekileyo elingafuneki ukuhlolwa kwezonyango kwaye unikezela ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwama-25,000 ne-300,000
- Inkomfa yangomso womshuwalense wobomi, uthathwa njengomgaqo-nkqubo wokuqala, obonelela nge-$ 5,000 ne-$ 35,000 ngaphandle kokunyuka kweentlawulo ze-premium
- Inkcazo ye-inshorensi yobomi engabonakaliyo ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwezonyango okanye umsebenzi webhu ebandakanyekayo ukususela kwi-$ 25,000 ukuya kuma-350,000,000
Enkulu njengoko konke oku kuvakalayo, zikho ezimbalwa iziqwenga ezifanele ukuphawula:
- Okokuqala, lindela i-premium ephezulu. Xa sithumela isicatshulwa somgaqo-nkqubo we-inshorensi yobomi, sicele ama-250,000 ama-$ engama-55 eneminyaka engama-55 ubudala enyango kaGawulayo enyango olungenayo imbali yokugula, akazange abhema, kunye nomthwalo ongenakulinganiswa wentsholongwane. I-quote yefowuni yayingaphezu kwama-dollar 650 ngenyanga, okanye ngokuphindwe kabini ukuba loo mntu uya kuhlawuliswa ukuba wayenayo i-HIV.
- Okwesibini, iikhrayitheriya zokwamkelwa akulula nje njengoko zivakalayo. Iiflegi ezibomvu, umzekelo, ziya kuphakanyiswa ukuba unakho ukuphulwa kweyeza okanye uhleli ngaphesheya kwexesha elide. Kuyafana noko ukuba inani lakho le-CD4 lingaphantsi kwe-200, ukuba unayo i-hepatitis B okanye iC (nangona uphethwe), okanye ukuba uye waba negalelo elikhulu.
Ngelixa ungekho ubugcisa obuza kubonakalisa ezi zinto, kunokungabi nandlela yokuyifihla. Nangona ukhethe ukuba "akukho mvavanyo yezokwelapha", akufanele ucinge ukuba umshwalense uya kukuthabatha ngelizwi lakho.
Xa usudlulisile udliwano-ndlebe lokuqala, isinyathelo esilandelayo siya kuqhuba isheke nge- Medical Information Bureau (MIB) kwaye ucele ukuqinisekiswa kwimbali yakho yezobugqirha ukusuka kumboneleli wakho oyintloko. Ukuze uvunyiwe, kufuneka ufikelele ukungena kwii fayile kunye nezinye iifayili zezokwelapha.
Nangona iiflegi ebomvu ayithethi ukuba uya kukhatywa, inokwandisa i-premium yenyanga okanye inciphise ukufikelela kwakho kwimveliso ethile ye-inshorensi.
Ezinye iikhompyutheni ze-inshorensi
Ukuba iintlobo zemveli ze-inshorensi yobomi ayifumaneki kuwe, kusekho uninzi lwezinto ongakhetha kuzo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abanakukunika inzuzo enkulu yokufa njengomgaqo-nkqubo ngamnye, kodwa banako ukukhawulela iindleko ezithile (njengemingcwabo okanye iindleko zemfundo) ukuba ufe.
Phakathi kwezona zikhetho ezifanelekileyo:
- Inkampani yomshuwalense wobomi benkxaso-mali esekelwe ngumqeshi inokunikezelwa yinkampani yakho, kwezinye iimeko ngenxa yomqeshwa okanye iqabane lomqeshwa. Izinzuzo zokufa zibubanzi beedola ezili-10 000 kumqeshwa kunye ne-5,000 yeedola. Njengesicwangciso seqela, iindleko zihlala zifikeleleka.
- Intshurensi yobomi yokuzithandela evela kumqeshi wakho yinye inketho enikezelwa ngamakhampani amakhulu, ukuvumela abasebenzi (kunye ngamanye amaxesha abatshatileyo) ubomi bokubakho ngaphandle kobungqina bokungaqiniseki. Ezinye zezi zicwangciso zinikela ngenzuzo yokufa ukuya kuma-100,000.
- Inkcitho eqinisekisiwe yobomi bomshuwalense (owaziwa njengemigaqo-nkqubo yokwamkelwa okuqinisekileyo) incinci, imigaqo-nkqubo yokuphila kunye neenzuzo zokufa ezivela kwi $ 5,000 ukuya kuma-25,000. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho mibuzo yezempilo kunye nokuvunywa kuqinisekisiwe. Ngaloo ndlela, iiprayimenti ziya kuba ziphakamileyo kunye neenzuzo ezipheleleyo ngokuqhelekileyo aziyi kukhaba kude kube yinye emibini okanye emibini emva komhla ophumelelayo.
Ukuba zonke ezinye iinketho ziyahluleka, unokufaka isicelo sesicwangciso somngcwabo esabakhokhelwa ngaphambili (esaziwa njengeprogram yesidingo sangaphambili). Ezi zithengiswa ngamakhaya omngcwabo kwaye zivumela ukuba uhlawule isamba semali okanye isicwangciso sefowuni. Amanye amakhaya omngcwabo aya kufaka imali yakho kwisikhwama sokuthenjwa esabangela ukukhululwa ekufeni kwakho; omnye uya kuthatha umgaqo-nkqubo we-inshorensi othiwa ungumxhamli.
Ngaba Ufuna Ubomi Bomshuwalense?
Ukuba ubhekene nokukhanyela ipolisi yomshuwalense wobomi, unokufuna ukucinga ngokutshintshisa ingqwalaselo yakho kwisicwangciso somhlala-phantsi. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba unempilweni kwaye usasebenza.
Imibutho emininzi iqalile ukubonelela ngeenkqubo ezijongene nokuhlala kakuhle kwexesha elide labantu abaphila ne-HIV. Oyintloko phakathi kwabo yi-Manhattan-based New York Life, leyo ngo-2013 yaqalisa isicwangciso sokuCwangcisa "ukuCwangcisa okuPhezulu" ukuqeqesha aba-11 000 bee-agent zabo malunga neemfuno zemali ze-HIV.
Uninzi lwemibutho ye-HIV enomphakathi inikezela iinkqubo ezifanayo, ukuvumela abathengi ukuba baye kwiimina-mfundiso zamahhala okanye ukudibana neengcali zezemali ngokuzimeleyo. Unokujonga kwakhona iikholeji zasekuhlaleni, ezininzi zazo ezibonelela ngezifundo ngokucwangcisa umhlalaphantsi.
Enoba ungayifumana i-inshorensi yobomi okanye cha, into enokuyivelisa into ongayenzayo kukulungiselela ngokukhawuleza ukulungisa zonke iinkalo zomhlalaphantsi wakho, kungekhona nje ukufa kwakho.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. "I-CDC Fact Sheet | I-HIV e-United States: Amanyathelo okuNakekela ." Atlanta, Georgia; epapashwe ngoJulayi 2012.
> Hasse, B; Ledergerber, B; Egger, M., et al. "Ukuguga kunye no-Non-HIV-Related) Abantu abajongene ne-HIV: I-Swiss Cohort Study (SHCS)." Ingqungquthela ye-18 kwiiRevrovirus kunye nezifo ezithintekayo (i-CROI) eBoston, eMassachusetts; ngoFebhuwari 27-Matshi 2, 2011 : 792.
> Hogg, R .; Althoff, K .; Samji, H .; okqhubekayo. "Ukunyuka kwexesha lokuphila phakathi kwabantu abanogciwane lesandulela ngculazi eMelika naseCanada, 2000-2007." I-7 ye-International AIDS Society (IAS) Inkomfa kwiPathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. Kuala Lumpur, eMalaysia. NgoJuni 30-Julayi 3, 2013; Abstract TUPE260.
> Jha, P .; Ramasundarahettige, C .; Landsman, V .; okqhubekayo. "Izingozi Zama-21 Zokutshaya kunye Neenzuzo Zokuphela eMelika." I-New England Journal of Medicine. 2013; 368: 341-350.
> Sabin, C. "Ngaba abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo banomdla wokuhlala ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha lokudibanisa unyango lwe-antiretroviral?" Biomed Central Medicine . 2013; 11: 251.