Ukuhlukana phakathi kwe-asthma kunye ne-COPD awazange ayisebenzise ukuba yingxaki. I-COPD ibaluleke kakhulu ingxaki yamadoda amadala aphefumayo. Njengoko amabhinqa kunye nabantu abatsha baqala ukutshaya, kunjalo, ubuso beCOPD baqala ukutshintsha.
Ngenxa yoko, i-asthma kunye ne-COPD ngoku ngamanye amaxesha bangadideka. I-Asthma ne-COPD yenzeka kubaselula nabaselula, amadoda namabhinqa. Siza kuqwalasela izinto eziza kukunceda ukuhlula phakathi kwe-asthma kunye neCOPD.
Ukongezelela, i-COPD inentluklolo yoluntu olubekwe kulo uluntu. Ngenxa yoko, ndihlala ndifumana izigulane kum zichaza ukuba zine-asthma xa zineCOPD. Oku kudala unyango lwezonyango njengoko unyango lwemiqathango emibini alufani.
Ngaba i-Asthma neCOPD efanayo?
Iimpawu ze-asthma kunye ne-COPD zifana nokuba ziyakwazi ukukhokelela koku:
Ezi zimpawu zihlangene ngokwahlukileyo kwi-asthma naseCOPD. NgeCOPD, unako ukufumana ukukhwehlela kwentsasa yemihla ngemihla ye-phlegm. Utshintsho kwipateni yokukhwehlela kunye nombala we-phlegm zidla ngokusetyenziswa ngugqirha wakho njengemigqaliselo ukuba kukho ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD. Ukukhwehlela kwimihla ngemihla kuyimpawu ye-bronchitis engapheliyo, uhlobo okanye uhlobo lweCOPD.
Ukuqina kwesifuba kunye nokukhwehlela okuphakathi (ngokukodwa ebusuku) zixhaphake kakhulu nge-asthma. Ezi zimpawu ziza kukhwela kwaye zitshintshwe nge-asthma yakho control.
Xa i-asthma yakho ilawulwa kakuhle, ufumana amaxesha exesha xa ungekho uphawu.
Nangona kunjalo, i-pathophysiology ye-asthma ne-COPD ihluke kakhulu. Nangona iimpawu zifana noko, inkqubo eya phambili kwiimpawu iyahluke.
Zombini i-asthma kunye ne-COPD ingaqwalaselwa njengezifo ezivuthayo, kodwa ukuvutha kuvela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli.
Kwi- pathophysiology ye-asthma , iziphumo zokuvuvukala zivela kwimveliso ye-eosinophil, ngelixa ukuvuvukala kwi-COPD kubandakanya ngokubanzi ukuveliswa kwe- neutrophils kunye ne- macrophages kwiminyaka emininzi.
Imibuzo emininzi kunokukunceda ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi imeko onokuyenza:
- Ndandineminyaka emingakanani xa ndifunyanwe? I-COPD ngokuqhelekileyo isifo sabantu abadala, ngelixa ininzi, kodwa kungekhona yonke, isifo se-asthma sifumaneka ngexesha lobuncinci okanye ebusheni. I-COPD ayifumaneki ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka engama-40.
- Ngaba ndike ndibheke? Nangona izigulane ezininzi zomsumfi zivutha, izigulane ezininzi ze-astmma azizange zitshise. Nangona ezinye izigulane ezineCOPD zingazange zibheke, ngaphezulu kwe-80% yezigulane ezifunyenwe yiCOPD ziye zavutha kwixesha elidlulileyo okanye zikhoyo zikhoyo.
- Yintoni ekhokelela kwimpawu? Uninzi lwezigulane zeCOPD zifumana iimpawu zemihla ngemihla ngelixa izigulane ze-asthma zinemisebenzi ebalulekileyo ngaphandle kwempawu. Ukongezelela, izigulane ze-asthma ziye zenza izinto ezifana ne-pollen okanye ezinye izibhengezo, ukuba ziphephe, zibangelwa ukungabikho kwempawu. Izigulane ze-asthma umphunga womsebenzi uphinde ubuyele kwindawo eqhelekileyo okanye kufuphi nesiqhelo emva kokunyanzeliswa ngonyango lwe-bronchoconstriction, ukuhamba ngokungahambi kakuhle, kunye nokuvutha komoya. Izigulane zeCOPD zifumana ukuhla kwehla kumsebenzi wamaphaphu ngokuyeka ukutshaya, kodwa umsebenzi wabo wemiphunga awuyi kubuyela kwisiqhelo. Izigulane zeCOPD zihlala zifuna ukunakekelwa ngenxa yokuphefumula kwaye ekugqibeleni, izigulane zeCOPD zinciphise umthamo wokuzivocavoca. Ngexesha elide izigulane ze-COPD zithatha ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ziye zancipha amandla, kunye nomgangatho wobomi ngaphezu kwendlela yabo yokusebenza eyancipha.
Ukwenza ukuba le ngxaki idideke kancinci, ezinye izigulane zeCOPD zingaba nxalenye ye-asthma. Ukongeza, ezinye izigulane zomsummpi ziyabhema kwaye zisengozini yokuphuhlisa i-COPD-njengawuphi na umntu otshaya.
Ezinye izigulane zeCOPD zibonisa ukuvuselelwa kwindlela yokuhlolwa kwemiphunga yamaphaphu. Xa kukho iqela elibuyiswayo kwiCOPD yakho, unokuthiwa unesigxina se-asthma. Xa kuncinci kakhulu ukungaqiniseki, akukho nxalenye ye-asthma ekhoyo. I-American Thoracic Society ichaza ukubuyiswa njengentengo ye-post-bronchodilator kwenyuka kwi- FEV1 ye-12% ubuncinane kwi-COPD kunye ne-asthma.
Kule meko, izifo azifani.
Isixa sokubuyiselwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kuncinci kwisigulane seCOPD esifaniswa ne-asthmatic.
Ngaba Ziyimpawu zoSifo se-Asthma kunye neCOPD efanayo?
I-Asthma kunye neCOPD inokubangela ukuba i-wheezing, ukuqina kwesifuba, ukuphefumula okufutshane, kunye nokukhwehlela okungapheliyo. Nangona kunjalo, iziganeko kunye neziganeko eziphambili kwi-asthma kunye neCOPD zihlukile. Nge-COPD, unakho ukufumana ukukhwehlela kwasekuseni, ukunyuka kwexabiso le-sputum, kunye neempawu eziqhubekayo. Ukuba unesifo se-asthma, unako ukufumana iimpawu kwiziqephu kunye / okanye ebusuku. Ukongezelela, iimpawu ze-asthma ziyakwenzeka emva kokuba zichazwe kwizinto ezizenzekelayo.
Ngaba i-Asthma kunye neCOPD yonyango efanayo?
Ngoxa ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa amanye amachiza afanayo kunyango lwe-asthma kunye neCOPD, "nini, kutheni, kwaye" njani la mayeza ayenokwenene.
Injongo yonyango kwi-asthma kukungabikho kwempawu kunye nomsebenzi osondeleyo wemiphunga ngexesha iinjongo zonyango lweCOPD ukukhusela ukuqhubela phambili komonakalo kumphunga, ukunciphisa ukukhushulwa, nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Amachiza asetyenziswa kwi-asthma kunye neCOPD ingaquka:
- I-steroids ye-inhaled: I-steroids engabonakaliyo, njenge-Flovent, inenzuzo kwi-asthma kunye ne-COPD kuba amayeza asebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwimiphunga-kodwa i-steroid inhaled isetyenziswa ngokuhlukileyo kwi-asthma ne-COPD. Nge-asthma, i-steroid engumlonyeni isetyenziswa kuqala xa unyango lwemihla ngemihla luba luyimfuneko, ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokuba uqhube phambili ukusuka kwi- intermittent to infhma. Kwi-COPD, i-steroids eyongeziweyo yongezwa emva kokuba izigulane ziphuhlise kakhulu i-COPD kunye nobunzima obuninzi.
- I-Anticholinergics: Nangona i-anticholinergics emfutshane, njenge-Atrovent, isetyenziselwa unyango lwe-asthma exacerations, i-anticholinergics ende ende efana ne-Spiriva ingasetyenziswanga njengemithi yokulawula isifo se-asthma. I-Spiriva, nangona kunjalo, isetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza kwiCOPD kuba idibaniswe nophuculo lomsebenzi wamaphaphu, iimpawu, kunye nomgangatho wobomi ngelixa kunciphisa ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD kunye nezibhedlele.
- Ama-bronchodilators amancinci (ii-SABAs): Kwi-asthma, i-SABAs isetyenziselwa ukufumana uncedo lwezihlandlo ezinzima, kodwa emva kokuba usebenzisa iSABA ngokwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokuphefumula okuphefumulayo, kukho imfuno eyongezelelweyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iiSABA ezicwangcisiweyo ziyinye yezo kunyango zokuqala zeCOPD.
- Ama-agonists ase-Long-acting agonists (i-LABAs): Nangona i-agonists esebenza ixesha elide njengoSerevent ingasetyenziswa njengendlela efanelekileyo yokunyangwa kwe-COPD, i-LABA ayiboniswa kwisifo se-asthma de ube ne-asthma eqhubekayo.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Oku kufumaneka kuphela kwiCOPD. Olu unyango lugcinwe kwizigulane ezingaphumeleli unyango lweyeza. Kukho iziganeko zonyango ezingenasiphelo apho izigulane zinokufumana izibonelelo zokunciphisa umphunga ngokusebenzisa inkqubo encinci.
- Bronchial Thermoplasty : Kule mphumo kuphela yonyango, izigulane ezine-asthma eziqhubekayo ezingalawulwa kakuhle nge-corticosteroids ezikhuselweyo kunye ne-beta-agonists esebenze ixesha elide, zihamba nge- bronchoscopy eyenza ukushisa kwi-airways ukunciphisa amandla abo kunye nokunciphisa emva kokuchasana nokubangela ukuba zikhokelela ekuhlaselweni kwe-asm .
Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba unayo i-COPD okanye i-asthma, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha ngaphambi kokuba uzame naziphi na izicwangciso zonyango.
Imithombo:
I-Heart Heart, i-Lung, ne-Blood Institute. Ingxelo yePhaneli yeNgcali 3 (EPR3): Izikhokelo zoLwazi kunye noLawulo lwe-Asthma
Tinkelman DG, ixabiso leDB, i-Nordyke RJ, i-Halbert RJ. I-misdiagnosis ye-COPD nesifo se-asthma kwizigulane zokunyamekela eziphambili zeminyaka engama-40 ubudala nangaphezulu. J Isifuba. 2006 uJan-Feb; 43 (1): 75-80.
Kuebler KK, Buchsel PC, eBalkstra CR. Ukuhlukana kwezifo eziphazamisekayo zokuphefumula izifo zesifo se-asthma. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2008 Sep; 20 (9): 445-54.