ICataract Surgery

Oko Okufuneka Ukwazi NgokweCataract Surgery

Utyando lweCataract yinkqubo eyenzelwe ukunyanga okanye ukususa i- cataract . I-cataract i-clouding ye- lens eye. I-cataract iyinto eqhelekileyo yokuguga, kunye neyona nto ibangela ukuphosakeka phakathi kwabantu abadala kunama-55. Njengoko i-cataracts iba yimbi kakhulu, umbono wakho uya kuba ngaphantsi.

Yintoni ebangela i-cataracts?

Uninzi lwethu luya kuhlakulela i-cataract ngexesha elithile ebomini bethu.

Iingqungquthela zifana neenwele ezimpunga - abanye bethu baya ku-grey kwi-thirties yethu, kodwa abanye bethu abayi kubona nayiphi na isiliva de emva kweeminyaka emininzi. I-Cataracts ingahlakulela kwangaphambili kwabanye abantu, kodwa abavumi ukuba bavelele kwaye babonakale bekhubaza abantu abaninzi kude kube se-70s.

Imiba yengozi yokuphuhlisa i-cataract :

• Sikashukela
• Ukukhathazeka kwamehlo
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo
• Imbali yentsapho ye-cataracts
• Ukutshaya
• Amanye amayeza
• Ukukhanya kwe-UV
• Uphuhliso lwabazali

Ngubani ofuna utyando lwe-cataract?

Utyando lweCataract luyadingeka xa umgangatho wombono wakho uthinta impilo yakho nemisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ukuba ucinga ukuba umbono wakho unokuphuculwa ngokuhlinzwa, cwangcisa i- aphoyintimenti yokuhlolwa kwamehlo . Ngethuba lokuhlolwa kwakho kwamehlo okubanzi , ugqirha wakho wezilwanyana uya kwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi zokuhlola ukuze ufumane ubunzima be-cataract yakho.

Xa ucinga ngokuhlinzwa, celwa le mibuzo:

• Ngaba bekufuneka ube nesigxina sakho semilingo ye-eyeglass sitshintsha kaninzi?
• Ngaba awuboni njengoko ucinga ukuba uya kuzibona ngeeglasi zakho ezintsha?
• Ngaba imibala ibonakala iyincinci?
• Ngaba imbono yakho ibonakala inganyakazi?
• Ngaba imbono yakho iyingozi kakhulu ebusuku?
• Ngaba ufumana ama-glare okanye i-halos zijikeleze izibane ngelixa uqhuba ebusuku?
• Ngaba ufuna ukukhanya okungakumbi ukuze ubone ngokucacileyo?

Ukuba uphendule "ewe" kuyo nayiphi na imibuzo ekhankanywe ngasentla, i-cataract ingasichaphazela umbono wakho. Utyando lweCataract lunokucetyiswa ukuba ukususa iilensi ezinamafu yonyango olusebenzayo.

Uza kugqirha njani ugqirha wam ukuba ndifuna utyando lwe-cataract?

Uvavanyo olubanzi lwamehlo luyi-optometrist okanye i-ophthalmologist luya kwenziwa ukuba luhlolisise ubunzima be-cataracts yakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kuqala ngokuqhuba ukuhlaziywa kwimbali yakho yonyango, kubandakanywa nembali yakho yentsapho. Qinisekisa ukuba ukwazisa ugqirha wakho kwanoma yiyiphi na i-allergies ukuya kumachiza okanye ezinye izinto onokuba nazo. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uluhlu lweemvavanyo zokuxilonga ezingabandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ubungqina bobuboniso - Ubuninzi bokubonwa ngumlinganiselo wendlela onokuyibona ngayo. Ukutshatyalaliswa kuya kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba uphuculo olunjani umyalelo omtsha ungayizisa kumbono wakho.
  
• Uvavanyo lwe-PAM - Uvavanyo lwe-PAM, okanye ukuvavanywa kweemitha zamanzi, kuya kuxela ugqirha wakho malunga nomlinganiselo wemboniselo oyenziweyo xa utyando lwe-cataract lwenziwa.
  
• Ukuhlolwa kweLamp Lampula - Ukuhlolwa kwe-lens kweso kuyakuqhutyelwa kusetyenziswa isibane sokuqhawula ukubeka ubunzima be-cataract. Ukuxuba amehlo akho kuya kunika ugqirha wakho umbono ocacileyo.

Ndingayilungiselela njani utyando lwe-cataract?

Ugqirha wakho uya kuqwalasela indlela ophila ngayo, izinto zokuzilibazisa kunye nemisebenzi yansuku zonke ukufumanisa uhlobo oluthile lotyando lwe-cataract olungcono kuwe. Thetha ugqirha wakho oyintloko okanye ugqirha ukuba unayo nayiphi na ingxaki yezonyango ezibalulekileyo ngaphambi kokucwangcisa utyando. Iliso lakho lonyango lingasidinga ukufumana imvume kumgqirha wakho wosapho ukuba unesifo senhliziyo okanye iingxaki zokuphefumula.

Qinisekisa ukuba ugcine zonke izithuba zokuqashwa kwangaphambili kunye nodokotela wakho weziliso. Ngaphambi kokuba utyando lugqirha, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukulinganisa amehlo akho ukufumanisa amandla afanelekileyo kunye noyilo lwe- intraocular lens implant eliza kufakwa kwiso lakho.

Shayela inkampani yakho yenkampani yomshuwalense ukuba ufumane iindleko Nangona ezininzi ii-ofisi ze-cataract zonyango zilungile kakhulu ekuqaliseni iindleko ezingaphandle kwe-pocket ezinxulumene nokuhlinzwa, iinjongo ezilungileyo zokuba neengcamango ezisisiseko zokubanjelwa kweentengo okanye i-inshorensi ezinokubakho ngexesha elifanelekileyo leenkonzo. Unokuba neendleko ezingalindelekanga, ezifana nokuhlawulwa kwiziko lokuhlinzwa apho uphando luya kwenziwa khona. Qinisekisa ukuba bonke oogqirha bakho bangaphakathi kwinethiwekhi ngaphandle kokuba kubekho ingxamiseko.

Cwangcisa usuku lwakho lokuhlinzwa ngokufanelekileyo. Musa ukugqoka i- eye makeup kwindawo yokuqashwa kwakho. Qhubeka nokunyanga kwamehlo okanye ukuhla kweliso elichazwe ngumgqirha wakho we-cataract. Qinisekisa ukuba unomhlobo okanye ilungu lentsapho linyanzelwe ukuba likuqhube ekhaya emva kokuhlinzwa. Utyando ngokwawo lunokuphela kuphela kwemizuzu engama-15 kodwa unokuba usesikhungweni sokuhlinzwa okanye esibhedlele kwiiyure eziyi-1-2 kubandakanywa ixesha lokubuyisela nokubuyisela.

Yintoni eyenzeka ngexesha lotyando lwe-cataract?

Utyando lweCataract ngokuqhelekileyo luyinkqubo yesigulane, oku kuthetha ukuba uya ekhaya ngosuku olufanayo lotyando. Ngomhla wokuhlinzwa kwakho, unokunikezwa ngokunyanisekileyo kunye neelahla kwelo liza kufakwa ukuze umfundi wakho ahluthe. Ulusu elijikeleze iso lakho kunye nejwabu leso liya kuhlambuluka kwaye lizaliswe. Umgca ongeyinyumba uza kufakwa phezu kwentloko yakho kunye nelihlo lakho. Utyando lweCataract lwenziwe nge-anesthesia encinci. Enyanisweni, kuphela ama-drops eye isohlwayo afunekayo kuma-98% amatyala.

Ukuqala utyando, kuya kuqhutyelwa iincinci ezincinci kwinqanaba le- cornea yakho, isakhiwo esicacileyo se-dome esifundweni sakho kwiso. Emva koko, i-capsule okanye i-lens bag iya kuvulwa. Inkqubo encinane ye-ultrasonic probe iya kufakwa kwiso lakho. Le proje iya kutshabalalisa i-cataract kwisantya esiphezulu kakhulu sejubane kwaye izinto ezikhoyo ziya kulandelwa. Ukufakelwa kwentsholongwane entsha, ecacileyo iya kufakwa kwijiso lakho ngokuchaneka okuncinane kunye nokubeka endaweni. Isiza siya kuzinamathela kwaye asifune ukuba kubekho izibalo kwi-99% yamatyala.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract?

Iliso lakho linokuziva lincinci okanye litshitshise kwiiyure ezingama-24-48 zokuqala emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract. Umbono wakho unokuthi uphazamise ngenxa yokuhlanjululwa kunye namafutha okubulala amayeza athile afakwe ngqo emva kokusebenza. Uya kunikwa amaconsi ambalwa ahlukeneyo ukuze uwasebenzise kwiiveki ezilandelayo emva kokuhlinzwa. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iimfuno zakho zizaliswe ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwi-pharmacy yakho. Lawa manzi asetyenziswe ukukhusela intsholongwane nokulawula ukuvuvukala.

Kufuneka uphephe ukuchukumisa nokugubungela iso lakho. Udokotela wakho ugqirha uya kukulungisa ukuba ulale kunye nenqanaba elisikhuselekileyo ebusuku ukuze ugweme umnwe wengozi kwiso lakho. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuhlinzwa, kulungile ukusebenzisa amehlo akho ukufunda, ukubhala okanye ukubukela ithelevishini. Kufuneka uphephe ukuguqa nokuphakamisa izinto ezinzima kwiveki yokuqala okanye ezimbini emva kokuhlinzwa.

Iliso lakho linokutshatyalaliswa kancinci emva kokuhlinzwa okubangela ukuba umbono ogqithisileyo weveki yokuqala okanye kunjalo. Ugqirha wakho uya kucela ukuba ungene ekutyelelweni okulandelelanayo ukujonga lo kuvutha kunye nomgangatho wombono wakho.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokuthi zenziwe ngunyango we-cataract?

Utyando lweCataract lunye lwezonyango ezikhuselekileyo ezenziwa ngama-98% amatyala aqhutywanga ngaphandle kweengxaki. Iingxaki zentsebenziswano ngezinye iinkqubo zingahlakulela, kubandakanywa oku kulandelayo:

• Usulelo lwe-Infection- Infection ngqo emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract luya kuba lubi kakhulu kwaye lubonwa ngeliso lexakeka. Ukuba unomvandalo okanye ubomvu obunokulindelekileyo, fownela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuvuvukala - Inani elithile lokuvuvukala kulindelwe emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract. Ukuvuvukala kungabangela ukukhanya okulula, intlungu okanye amehlo aphilileyo.
• Ukuvuvukala - Ukuvuvukala emva kwe-retina kunokwenzeka kwezinye izigulane. Nangona ngokuphathelele, oku kudla ngokusisombululo kwizigulane zingaphantsi kwenyanga okanye njalo.
• I-retinal detachment - Ezinye izigulane zisesichengeni esiphezulu sokuphuhlisa i- retinal detachment ngexesha okanye kungekudala emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract. Ukuba ubona amabala, i- floaters okanye izibane zokukhanya, biza ugqirha weziliso lakho.
• I-posts capsular haze - I-capsule emva kokufakelwa kwe-lens entsha inokukhupha kwaye ibe yintlungu kwi-20-40% yezigulane emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract. Umbono wakho unokuba lukhulu kakhulu. Inkqubo elula ye laser ebizwa ngokuba yi " Yag capsulotomy " ingenziwa ukuze kususwe le capsule engekho.

Isikhathi sokubuyisela

Uninzi lwabantu luya kubuya kwindlela yokuhlinzwa ngokukhawuleza, kodwa abanye banokuphucula ngokuthe ngcembe kunezinye. Izigulane ezininzi zokugonywa kwe-cataract zididekile emva kokuba zisebenze ngokuhlinzwa kunye neembono zabo zibonakala zincinci kwaye ziphuculwa ukuphucula. Ukugqiba ixesha lokubuyisela liyahluka kodwa abaninzi abantu baya kuba nobomvu, ukuvuvukala kunye nombono ophazamisayo ukuya kwiveki enye. UkuBomvu kuthatha ukucima ngokukhawuleza. Ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kwamehlo ekubeni utyando ludinga ukujikeleza ngeveki okanye ezimbini. Ukuvuvukala kuboniswa oogqirha basebenzisa isibane sotshabhaka. Iiseli ezivuthayo kunye neengcola ziyabonakala kwicala langaphambili liso. Kwezinye izigulane, ukuvuvukala kunokuba lukhuni kwaye kunokuhlala kwimizuzu emibini.

Uninzi lwezigulane zinemibala emininzi yeentsuku ezimbalwa, kunye nombono ocacileyo kwaye ucacile ngalunye suku. Ngezinye izihlandlo, ezinye izigulane ziza kuba ne-edema okanye ukuvuvukala kwinqanaba eliphambili lelihlo. Ukuvuvukala kunokudala umboniso ogqithisileyo kunokuba abantu abaninzi bavavanywa emva kokuhlinzwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngononophelo olusemva kokusebenza kunye namachiza, ludla ukucima ngokukhawuleza. Uninzi lwagqirha luhlela ulandelelwano olunye usuku emva kokuhlinzwa, ngeveki kwakhona kwiiveki eziyi-3-4. Ininzi yokuphilisa ivela ngokupheleleyo kwaye umboniso ubonakala uzinzile emva kweeveki ezine emva kokuhlinzwa.

Iindlela zokuPhucula ukuVikela

Uninzi lwabantu abane-cataract ukuhlinzwa luya kubona ukuphuculwa okuphawulekayo kwimbono emva kweentsuku ezimbini emva kokuhlinzwa. Omnye unokukwazi ukukhawuleza ukubuyiswa ngokufaka zonke ihlahla zamehlo ezinqunyiwe emva kokuhlinzwa njengoko kulandiswe. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba iminwe iphume kwamehlo kwaye indawo ejikeleze amehlo icocekile.

Iisombululo zeengxaki eziqhelekileyo

Usulelo emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract kuyinto engavumelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, inokuba nzima kakhulu. Usulelo lunokuthintela ngokusebenzisa i-antibiotic iso ijonge ngokuchanekileyo njengoko kuchazwe ngumgqirha wakho. Amagqirha asebenzisa amanyathelo angamaqhekeza kwigumbi lokusebenza ukukhusela intsholongwane.

Ukuvuvukala kuqhelekile emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract. Ukuvuvukala kunokuxhoma ixesha elide emva kokuhlinzwa kodwa kukhishwa ngokulula ngokusetyenziswa kwee-headical steroid zehla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izigulane zinikezwa ngamaconsi amathathu: i-antibiotics, i-steroid kunye ne-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (efana ne-ibuprofen.) Nangona yonke into ibalulekile, indlela echanekileyo ngayo i-steroid ithathwa ibaluleke kakhulu ekutshintsheni ukuvuvukala kwe-post-operative. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uyalelwa ukuba uhlalise i-steroid rhoqo, ngezinye iiyure kwimizuzu e-2, kwaye ii-steroid zitshintshwe ngaphaya kweeveki ezimbalwa.

Ukuvuvukala kunokwenzeka kwimva ye-retina (macula) kwinani elincinci lezigulane ezine-cataract surgery. Oku kubizwa ngokuthi i-cytoid macular edema (CME.) I-CME ingaba nenkani kodwa ihlala isombulula ngokupheleleyo ngokuqhubekayo okungekho-stteroidal anti-inflammatory ixesha elide. Ukuba ingasombulula, ingcali ingayifaka imithi ngqo kwiso. Abagqirha bahluke ngendlela abaphatha ngayo le ngxaki.

I-retinal detachment yinkxalabo enzulu ye-cataract surgery. Kunzima ukukhusela le nkcenkcesha kuba kunzima ukuqikelela ukuba zeziphi izigulane eziya kuchaphazela. Kwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo kubantu abasondeleyo okanye abo babenentlungu okanye i-detectment yangaphambili. Kukulungele ukuphulaphula ugqirha wakho kwaye ugcine zonke izithuba zokuqeshwa. Iimpawu ze-retinal detachment zibonwa ngumbono ophazamisayo, iindawo zokuhamba, izibane zokukhanya okanye isigqubuthelo okanye ikhefu ezingakhula kumbono wakho.

I-posterior capsular haze nayo yinto eqhelekileyo emva kokuhlinzwa, kodwa iphathwa ngokulula. Ingxenyana yomva ye capsule apho ubunzima bukhula khona bukhutshwe yile laser.

Ukufunda Emva kokuPiliswa

Emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, ezinye izigulane ziloyiko ukusebenzisa amehlo abo, okanye ukhathazekile kukuba ukufunda okuninzi kuzakulibazisa ukuphulukisa. Ngokuyinxalenye, ungazifunda okanye usebenzise amehlo akho njengoko ufuna. Nangona kunjalo, xa ufunda ngokwengeziwe, amehlo akho angasomisa ngakumbi. Xa ufunda okanye usebenzisa ikhompyutheni ixesha elide, uthetha ukuba ungabonakali ngokukhawuleza kwaye amehlo akho aziva emile. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ezininzi, gxiba ugqirha wakhuthaza iinyembezi zokuzenza. Kwakhona, ungakulibala ukufaka imithi yakho emva kokuyalelwa.

Emva kokuhlinzwa, uninzi lwabantu luya kuba nombono ohlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kwaye lunokufuna umyalelo omtsha ngokupheleleyo we-bifocals okanye iiglasi zokufunda. Nangona ezinye izigulane zifuna unonophelo olongezelelweyo, ixesha lokuphilisa li malunga neveki ezine emva kokuhlinzwa. Ngeveki ezine, ukuba umboniso ubonakala uqinile, ugqirha uya kukhupha umyalelo wecala elinjengezilwanyana xa kufuneka. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokuhlinzwa, iiglasi azikwazi ukuba zifuneke.

> Umthombo:

> Murrill, uCynthia. Umkhombandlela wokuSebenza kweeNtsholongwane zoLondolozo lwaBathengi abaMdala abaneCataract, isiKhokelo soKhokelo kwaKliniki. Ekulungiswe yi-American Optometric Association (AOA) I-Panel yokuBonisana, evunywe yiBhodi ye-AOA yeTrasti, ngo-Matshi 1999, yahlolwa ngo-2004.