Njengoko kuninzi kwihlabathi le-autism , inkcazo yenkqubo efanelekileyo yemfundo incike kwiimfuno zomntwana ngamnye. Ngaloo ndlela, nangona kukho izinto ezithile ezinokuthi zibe nefuthe kunoma yimuphi umntwana ophethe i-autism, umgca wenzalo ngokumalunga nomntwana wakho kunye nemingeni, kwaye ingaba "baqakraza" kunye notitshala wabo kunye nokubeka.
Ukwenza izinto zibe zinomdla ngakumbi, iinkonzo kunye neeprogram ziyakwazi ukuhluka kwizithili zesikolo ukuya kwisithili esikolweni kunye nakwiindawo ukuya kummandla. Omnye urhulumente unokuxininisa unyango lwentsebenziswano kunye nolunye luqinile kwi- Analysis Behavior Analysis kwaye ngenxa yokuba akukho "mgangatho wegolide" wemfundo ye-autistic, abantwana abavusa umoya bafumana i-potluck. Okwangoku, iintsapho ezahlukileyo zinokukhetha ngokukhethekileyo malunga neendlela zokwelapha kunye nokufundisa, ezahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwisithili ukuya kwisithili nakwindawo eya kummandla.
Konke oku kuthethi, nantsi ezinye izinto ezisisiseko eziphambili kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yemfundo ephumelelayo yabafundi be-autistic:
- Utitshala womntwana wakho (nokuba ngaba utitshala okhethekileyo okanye uthisha oqhelekileyo) kufuneka abe noqeqesho kunye namava ekusebenzisaneni nabantwana be-autistic.
- Utitshala womntwana wakho kufuneka abe neenkxaso ezicacileyo nezicacileyo ezivela kulawulo lwesikolo. Kufuneka akwazi ukufikelela kwizixhobo, uqeqesho kunye nezinto ezifunekayo.
- Utitshala womntwana wakho unokukwazi (ngokusekelwe kwamakhono akhe kunye nezibonelelo, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yesikolo) ukuguqula inkqubo kunye nekharityhulam kwimfuno yengane kunye namandla akho ngokusekelwe kwi-IEP yomntwana wakho (iNkqubo yeMfundo yaBantu).
- Kufuneka ukwazi ukubona ubungqina beendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufundisa ezisetyenziselwa kwigumbi lakho lokufundela.
- Abanye ootitshala, kubandakanya ukuzivocavoca, ithala leencwadi kunye nabanye ootitshala ootitshala, kufuneka bakwazi ukufikelela kwizibonelelo kunye nokuxhasa njengoko basebenzisana nomntwana wakho.
- Kufuneka ubone ubungqina bokuba abafundi banzima kwaye baxhaswa kwimfundo nakwintlalo.
- Imithi yokweseka, njengentetho, unyango lomzimba kunye nokusebenza, kufuneka zonke zifumaneke kwisayithi kwaye zikhulule iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo.
Izinketho zeMfundo kubafundi abaneziqinisekiso: Imibuzo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele
Ngokubanzi? Ukufakwa? Iiklasi zeemfuno ezizodwa? Isikolo sikarhulumente? Isikolo sabucala? Yintoni efanelekileyo kumntwana wakho? Impendulo, ewe, yinto-itholakala! Eminye imibuzo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele njengoko uqala ukucinga malunga neendlela ozikhethayo kukuba:
- Ingaba ingane yakho ye-autistic ikhuluma ngomlomo kwaye ixhamle?
- Ziziphi izakhono zakhe zemfundo?
- Ngaba unokuphatha amaqela amakhulu?
- Ingaba wenza kakuhle ngegalelo elikhulu leengqondo?
- Ngaba unengxaki ngokugxila?
- Ingaba wayenexesha elinzima kwiindawo zokufundela ezidlulileyo?
- Ziziphi iindidi zeeprogram zakho zikarhulumente ezinikezelayo?
- Iiprogram zengingqi zilungelelanisa njani iimfuno kunye nekhono lomntwana wakho?
- Ngaba kukho iinketho zendawo yangasese okanye i-charter eyenza ingqiqo kunye nemali kwintsapho yakho?
Into efunekayo kuMthetho weSithili sakho
Ukuba uhlala eUnited States, abaMntu abaneZiko loLwazi lweZiphumo (IDEA) kufuna ukuba isithili sakho sinikeze "iMimiselo engavumelekanga yendalo" kwimfundo yengane yakho.
Oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka baqwalasele okukhethwa kukho njengendlela yokuzibandakanya ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo (ngokubandakanyeka kwakho) kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo unako ukugqiba ukuba umntwana wakho uphelele kwiimeko ezizodwa kodwa ukuba unquma ukusebenzisana nezikolo zikarhulumente, unokufuna ukufakazela ukuba isicwangciso esiqhelekileyo AKUSEBENZI ukusebenza ngaphambi kokuba ufune inkxaso-mali yeziko langasese okanye elikhethekileyo.
UkuQinisekisa kunye neValism
Ukuqhelaniswa kwexesha eliqhelekileyo lixesha elithile elidala (eli gama litsha "ukufakwa"). Xa ixesha eliqhelekileyo lisetyenziswe, lichaza ngokucacileyo indawo apho umntwana wakho engxenyeni yeklasi yokufundela eneenkxaso ezingaphezulu.
Ezinye iindawo ezinokuhlala zikhona, kodwa ngokubanzi, umntwana wakho kulindeleke ukuba akwazi ukuziphatha ngokufanelekileyo kwiqela elikhulu, ukuya kwititshala, kwaye asebenze okanye afike kwibanga lesibini.
Ukusebenza ngokubanzi kusebenza ngokusemgangathweni kubantwana abasebenza ngokuphezulu kwaye ubuncinane besentlalo. Oku kunokuba nzima kakhulu kubantwana abangenawo amazwi, bexhalabele, okanye banokukwenza xa bephantsi kwengcinezelo.
Ukufakwa kunye ne-Autism
Ukubandakanywa "i-new fangled" eliqhelekileyo, eliqhelekileyo, lithetha into efanayo "yokuhambelana nenkxaso." Iingcamango kukuba abantwana be-autistic bafakiwe kwiiklasi kunye nabantwana abaqhelekileyo kodwa banokuba neenkxaso ezibalulekileyo ukuze baphumelele. Ezinye iinkxaso zenkxaso zibandakanya uncedo lwe-1: 1, ikharityhulam echitshiweyo, amaqela akhetyana oluntu kunye nezinye.
Abazali abaninzi banqwenela ukufakwa njengokungqinelaniyo phakathi kwendawo yokufundela iimfuno ezizodwa kunye nokuxhaswa okungaxhaswanga. Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo ukubandakanywa kungaba yinto ekhohlakeleyo kwindawo efanelekileyo.
Kukho, ke, kukho ambalwa amancinci angaphantsi kokufakwa. Ngokomzekelo, abantwana be-autistic eklasini eqhelekileyo banokuxhatshazwa nokuxhatshazwa. Ukuba umntwana unomncedisi ongu-1: 1, utitshala unokubona umntwana ogunyaziwe "njengenyameko," kwaye ugxininise abanye abafundi. Ukuba umntwana unekharityhulam echanekileyo, inokufundiswa nguye ngumncedisi kwaye kungekhona ootitshala abaqeqeshiweyo.
Iklasi leZimfuno ezizodwa
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana be-autistic bafakwa kwiimfuno ezizodwa zeklasi eklasini yesikolo sikarhulumente. Olu khetho lunokusebenza kakuhle ukuba utitshala uqeqeshiwe kakhulu kwaye unamava ekufundiseni abantwana be-autistic. Amaqela amaninzi amancinci, kunamathuba amaninzi okusebenza kwezakhono zentlalo, kunye neeklasi ezizodwa zemfuno zibandakanywa kuyo yonke imisebenzi yesikolo kunye neziganeko.
Nangona kunjalo, iiklasi zeemfuno ezizodwa zijoliswe kubantwana abanokuphuhliswa kwentlalo efana nexesha elinzima kunye nabafundi. Abantwana abasemagqabini bahlala benenkinga echasene ngqo: bakhululekile kakhulu nabafundi, kodwa banokuxhatshazwa kwezakhono zentlalo. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo eyenziwa kwiimfuno ezizodwa zamagumbi okufundela inokuphutha ngokupheleleyo kumntwana wakho.
Amagumbi okuxhasa ama-Autistic kwiZikolo zikaRhulumente
Ezinye izithili ezinkulu kunye nee-arhente zemfundo zommandla zinika iiklasi zokuxhasa inkxaso ezizodwa kwizikolo zikarhulumente eziqhelekileyo. Ezi klasi zimiselwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zezingane ezizimeleyo kwaye zisebenza ngabafundisi kunye nabancedisi abaqeqeshwe kwi-autism nemfundo.
Amaziko okuxhasa ase-Autistic aneenzuzo ezininzi ezintle: ngokuqhelekileyo bancinci kakhulu, banomlinganiselo omdala ophezulu kumntwana. Banikela ngeenkxaso, ezifana nezixhobo zokufundisa ezibonakalayo , ezikhethwe ngokukhethekileyo kubafundi be-autistic. Kwaye banokubandakanya intetho enzulu kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwezakhono zentlalo kwiikharityhulam zabo. Ukongezelela, abantwana abaseklasini zenkxaso yokuzixhasa, njengabo bakwii-classroom zemfundo ezizodwa, bavame ukubandakanywa kwimisebenzi yesikolo jikelele njengemibutho, ikhefu, njalo njalo.
Amagumbi okufundela nge-Autistic, nangona kunjalo, ahlala ehlukeneyo nakwezinye izikolo. Abantwana kula maqela badla ngokuchitha yonke into okanye ubuninzi bosuku nabanye abantwana abazenzekelayo. Ukongezelela, ngeengqalelo ezininzi ezihlawulwa ekwakheni izakhono zentlalo, ezi zifundo ziyakunakunyanisa amandla kunye nekhono lomfundi wakho. Akuqhelekanga ukuba ootitshala babantwana abane-autism banciphise ukulindela kwamakhono abo abafundi.
Izikolo ezizimeleyo eziPhakamileyo kunye nabaFundi beMvume
Isikolo sabucala. Iiklasi ezincinci. Ngqalelo. Zixhobo ezimbi. Isandi esihle, akunjalo? Kodwa inyaniso ngaphandle kokuba umntwana wakho ene-autism yinto ephezulu kakhulu yokusebenza kunye noluntu olufanelekileyo okanye unesimo esingavamile, izikolo ezininzi ezizimeleyo aziyi kwamkela umntwana wakho. Ngokungafani nezikolo zikarhulumente, izikolo ezizimeleyo zingekho phantsi kwembopheleleko esemthethweni yokufundisa umntwana wakho. Kwaye zimbalwa izikolo ezizimeleyo ezilungiselelwe ukujongana naziphi na iimfuno ezizodwa.
Kakade, kunokwenzeka ukuba uluntu lwasekuhlaleni luneemfuno ezizimeleyo ezizimeleyo, njengeziko le-co-op okanye enye indawo yokufunda, efanelekileyo kumntwana wakho. Kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba umntwana wakho nge-autism uza kuphuhlisa izakhono ezifunekayo ukuya esikolweni esiphakamileyo samabanga aphakamileyo. Kodwa zonke izicwangciso kufuneka zibekwe endaweni yesikolo sobucala ukuba ibe yinto efanelekileyo.
"Ezizodwa" Izikolo ezizimeleyo kunye ne-Autism
Indawo yaseFiladelphia (apho ndihlala khona) idumisa ngaphezu kwezikolo eziziimfuno ezizodwa ezizimeleyo. Kulaba, bambalwa kakhulu abamkela umntwana nge autism. Zonke ezi zamkela kuphela abantwana abane-autism. Abanye banokucinga ngomntwana ongu-autistic kodwa baya kwamkela abo bantwana kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezingavamile.
Isizathu sale nto silula: izikolo ezizimeleyo ezizimeleyo zenzelwe abantwana abanezakhono zentlalo kunye nezakhono zokufunda ezingekho kakuhle. Abantwana be-Autistic bavame ukuba neengxaki zentlalo kunye nezobuchule ezifanelekileyo zokufunda izakhono! Ukongezelela, abantwana abane-autistic banomdla wokuba bafunde kunzima ukufunda ngaphandle kokufunda abantwana abakhubazekileyo-idumela elingenakufanelwa okanye elingenakufanelwa!
Ezi zikolo ezenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo abantwana be-autistic zinenzuzo enkulu yokuba wonke umntu osebenzayo uyazi kwaye uyaziqonda i-autism. Bangaba nobuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo zonyango ezifumaneka kwisayithi, zonke ezifanelekayo kumntwana wakho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezi zikolo zamkela kuphela abantwana be-autistic, oku kuthetha ukuba i-100% yabantwana bakho abadibanayo iya kuba ... autistic. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho mzekelo oqhelekileyo, akukho mi sebenzi eqhelekileyo, kwaye akukho kubandakanywa koluntu ngokuqhelekileyo. Ukongezelela, iindleko "zezikolo ze-autism" zinokufundwa ngeenkwenkwezi: eziphezulu njenge $ 50,000 ngonyaka okanye ngaphezulu. Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba uqinisekise isithili esikolweni ukuba ubhale phantsi ukufakwa kolwabiwo lwezikolo ezizimeleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthengiswa nzima kuba zikolo ngokwenene ziyi-MOST imimiselo ekhoyo.
Izikolo zezingane ze-autistic ziqhelekile kumdlalo xa umntwana wakho enamandla kakhulu-kwaye ke akunakwenzeka ukuba enze kakuhle kwisimo esinqandekileyo - okanye angonwabi kakhulu kwisimo esiqhelekileyo. Enyanisweni, abanye abantwana abane-Asperger Syndrome banokwenza ngcono kwisikolo sabantwana base-autistic, kuba bahlala bebuhlungu kakhulu ukukhawulwa okungenakugwema okuhamba kunye nezicwangciso ezibandakanya okanye eziqhelekileyo.
Homeschool and Autism
Ngenxa yokuba ukhetho lokufundisa umntwana we-autistic aluphelelanga - kwaye kwiindawo ezininzi eziphantse zingekho - Inani elikhulayo labazali lijika kumakhaya asekuhlaleni. Imizi yasemakhaya ngumqolo okhuni ukunyuka kwiintsapho ezininzi kuba kufuna ukubandakanyeka ngokukhawuleza kwexesha elipheleleyo lomzali omnye okanye bobabini kunye nabo banokufuna umnikelo omkhulu wemali xa umzali omnye ehamba ekhaya. Kwiintsapho ezininzi, ke, ukhetho luba nengqiqo ngakumbi ukuba ulwalamano nommandla wesikolo sendawo lube lukhulu kakhulu.
Kule ngongoma, iincwadana ezimbalwa kunye neemibutho zisekela abazali abangabantwana bama-school school autistic. Yaye, ngelixa kunokuba nzima ukuba ufumane ezinye iintsapho zekhaya zasemakhaya kunye nezingane ezizimeleyo, kulula ukuba ufumane amaqela emakhaya, iinkqubo kunye neekharityhulam.
Enye yezona mbambano ezinzulu ezijongene nemindeni yezindlu zasemakhaya yindlela abasabela ngayo ontanga kunye neentsapho. Imibuzo enjengokuthi "uya kufundisa njani izakhono zentlalo?" kwaye "awuyi kuvuka?" kunokukwenza kube nzima ukugcina ukuzithemba namandla. Kukho neminye imiba enxulumene nokufumana kunye nenkxaso-mali, imidlalo kunye neminye imisebenzi yangaphandle.
Kodwa "inkulu" emakhaya ukuya kwindlu yokufunda iyona nto iguquguqukayo ngokuphathelele kumntwana ngamnye. Ukuba umntanakho uthanda izitimela, umzekelo, unokusebenzisa uTomas kwiYinjini yeTanki ukufundisa izakhono zokufunda nokubala - indlela enethuba elihle lokuphumelela!