Ngaba i-autism-kuphela yindawo engcono kakhulu?
Ehlabathini elungileyo, abantu abane-autism baza kubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo kwiindawo ezinkulu. Baya kuba neendawo zokuhlala ezenziwe kunye nokuxhaswa xa kunesidingo, kwaye ziya kwamkelwa ngabaontanga abaqhelekileyo.
Eyona nto iyinyani. Abantwana abane-autism, ngenxa yeziganeko zoMthetho wokuLhubazeka kwezeMpilo, eziqhelekileyo ezifundiswayo ( ezifundiswa kumagumbi okufundela ), kodwa kunqabile ukuba abantu abadala okanye abantwana abane-autism babe yinxalenye enkulu yoluntu.
Akunzima ukuqonda ukuba kutheni ukufakwa kubunzima. Umntwana ongenakukwazi ukulandela imfundiso yomlomo ngokukhawuleza awela emva kweklasini, kwiqela, okanye nakwiSonto lesikolo. Umntu omdala ongeke asebenze ngokuphumelelayo phantsi kwezibane ze-fluorescent ayinakufumana kwaye agcine umsebenzi wezinga lokungena. Kwaye nawuphi na umntu oziphatha ngokugqithisileyo ( ukuqhayisa iminwe yakhe, ukugubha, ukwenza iindlebe ezingavumelekanga ) ubeka uxhalabo kubantu abakujikelezile (nangona loo ma-alamu ayengafanelekanga).
Okwangoku, abantu abaninzi abane-autism banokufunda nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo kunye neenkxaso ezifanelekileyo. Le nyaniso iyayicinga umbuzo: ingcono kakhulu ukuba abantu abane-autism bafunde, badlale, basebenze kwisistim kuphela?
Kutheni Izicwangciso ezibandakanyekayo ngokupheleleyo ziyingxaki
Abantu abane-autism babelana nemingeni ekhethekileyo, eninzi inxulumene noqhagamshelwano loluntu kunye neempendulo zengqondo ukukhanya, isandi kunye nokuthintela.
Uninzi lwabantu abane-autism banesimo esinzima sokusebenzisa nokuqonda ulwimi oluthetha. Ekugqibeleni, uninzi lwabantu abane-autism bunobunzima bezinto eziphathekayo kunye nezakhono eziphambili kunye nokucwangciswa kwemoto.
Le mingeni ingaba yincinci okanye ilukhuni, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni inqanaba labo abangenza kube nzima kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo.
Imizekelo embalwa:
- Ukuhlala nje egumbini elinomphunga ophezulu wokukhanya kwiproorescent kunokuba buhlungu kakhulu.
- Ukuma kwindawo ephakamileyo echaphazela abanye abantu kunokuxhalabisa.
- Ukuchazwa ngokuchanekileyo imiyalelo yokuthetha ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukuguqulela kwisenzo kunokuba nzima.
- Ukuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo ukunyuswa komnye umntu kunye nokuba kwindawo efanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuya, umzekelo, ukubamba okanye ukukhaba ibhola, akunakwenzeka.
Le mingeni ithetha ukuba imisebenzi eqhelekileyo, njengokuya esikolweni esikolweni, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo yeqela, okanye ezilandelayo izikhokelo ezivela kumqeqeshi, umphathi okanye utitshala, kunzima kakhulu kubantu abaninzi abane-autism.
Ngenkxaso kunye nenkxaso, abaninzi abantu abane-autistic bangahlawulela imingeni yabo okanye bafumane indawo yokuhlala ebenza ukuba babe neempumelelo ngokulinganayo kwizakhelo eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa inyaniso kukuba kuthatha ixesha elininzi, amandla kunye nokusebenza kanzima kubantu abaninzi abane-autism ukuze basebenze kakuhle kwiimeko ezininzi kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo kuluntu.
Kubantu abaninzi, isisombululo kwimingeni ye-autistic ikhona ekufumaneni izicwangciso apho i-autism yamukelwa kunye neminye imisebenzi, iindlela zokufundisa kunye nentsebenziswano yoluntu iyatholakala.
Ezinye zezi zicwangciso zinikezela ukulungelelaniswa kwe-autism-friendly ezifana nezibane ze-incandescent kunye nesandi esinciphileyo. Nangona kukho into ebalulekileyo ekuthethwa ngayo kwi-autism-kuphela izicwangciso, nangona kunjalo, ezi zikhetho zineziphumo kunye neengxaki zabo.
Iinkqubo kwi-Autism-kuphela Izicwangciso
Kukho iingenelo ezintle kwizilungiso ze-autism-kuphela, ngokukodwa (kodwa kungekhona kuphela) kubantu abaneengxaki ezinzima. Nazi ezinye ezimbalwa:
- Ngokulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo endaweni, abantwana abane-autism banokugxininisa ngakumbi ekufundeni kunye nangaphantsi xa bezama ukulinganisa iimpawu zentlalo zontanga.
- Ngaphandle kweziphazamiso ezivakalayo, abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abane-autism banokuyeka ukuhamba kunye nokuxhalaba kwabo.
- Kwiimeko eziguquguqukayo, kunokwenzeka ukudala nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezinobungqina be-autism zokunxibelelana, imfundo kunye noqeqesho kuyo yonke imeko.
- Izicwangciso ze-Autism-kuphela ziyakwazi ukuchitha imali yazo kwiimfuno zabafundi be-autistic kunye nabaxumi, oku kuthetha iteknoloji engcono, iimpahla ezifanelekileyo, njl njl.
- Kwizicwangciso ze-autism-kuphela, abantu ngabanye banokugxila kwimisebenzi ehambelana neminqweno kunye namakhono abo. Ngaloo ndlela, umzekelo, banokuthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo emele ngaphandle kwezemidlalo yeqela; iiklabhu zeekomkhulu kunezentlalontle; kwaye nakanjalo.
- Nangona abantu abane-autism abahlali bexhulumana rhoqo kwinqanaba lomntu, akuqhelekanga ukuba bafumane ukuba banokwabelana ngezinto ezifanayo kwaye banako ukusebenzisa ixesha lokuhlala kunye ngaphandle kokucinezeleka okanye ubunzima.
- Kubazali, ukwazi ukuba umntwana wabo usemgangathweni oluthile lwe-autism, kunokunciphisa uxhalabango olubangelwa ukukhathazeka ngethuba lomsebenzi womntwana kwisikolo okanye kwisimo somsebenzi.
Umgca kwi-Autism-kuphela Izicwangciso
Ngamacala amaninzi "aphezulu," kutheni umntu onokuba ne-autism angcono nakwiimeko eziqhelekileyo? Kukho izizathu ezininzi; Nazi ezimbalwa nje:
- Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, bobabini kunye nabantu abadala bangafunda izakhono abaza kusebenzisa ixesha lokuphila, ngelixa besesimweni esithile abaza kufunda ukujongana neengxaki okanye ukuxhasa zabo iimfuno.
- Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zesikolo, abantwana abane-autism banethuba elibanzi lokuhlola iingcinga ezintsha kunye nezihloko nokwakha izakhono zabo. Kwisikolo esikhethekileyo, kunamathuba ambalwa, kwaye zonke zakhiwa malunga nomdla kunye nezidingo ze-autistic student (umdlalo wekhompyutha, umzekelo).
- Kwimimandla ebanzi, abantu abane-autism bangathatha inxaxheba ebonakalayo kwimisebenzi yehlabathi yangempela ukusuka kumculo nakwizemidlalo ukuya kwizifundo kunye nomsebenzi. Kwimimiselo ye-autism-kuphela, yonke into isetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza kwiziphumo eziphambili: akukho ukhuphiswano, kwaye ibar iyancitshiswa.
- Esikhundleni sokuphepha iingxaki ezinzima, abantu abane-autism banokuvumelanisa okanye bahlalise kwimibandela enjengekamelo lokukhala okanye izibane ezikhanyayo. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, abantu abane-autism bangafunda ukusebenzisa izixhobo (ezifana nentloko ye-headphone kunye nokuhlunga iiglasi) ezenza kube lula ukusebenza kuluntu jikelele.
- Nangona izicwangciso ze-autism-kuphela zihlala zinciphisa i-bar yokuphumelela, ukubandakanyeka kumava oluntu kunokuvumela abantu abane-autism ukuba bazingeni ngokwabo kwaye badlule umxhelo.
- Kwiintsapho, ukuba nomntwana ozimelayo kwisimo esifanelekileyo kuthetha ukuba amanye amalungu asekuhlaleni angayazi, aqonde, aze amxabise umntwana wabo.
Ngaba Kunzima Kubantu Abanobukhulu be-Autism?
Abanye abantu abane- autism ephezulu esebenzayo kunye neyayibizwa ngokuba yi-Asperger syndrome bahlakaniphile, banakho abakwaziyo. Ngamanye amaxesha bayakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle kwiimeko ezibandakanya. Noko ke, iingxaki zivela, xa imeko iguquka okanye iindalo zanda.
Umzekelo, umntwana omncinci kakhulu osebenza nge-autism ephezulu unokukwenza kakuhle kwi-school school okanye enkulisa apho izixhobo zokufundisa ezibonakalayo kunye nokunyakaza zikhuthazwa. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukhethekileyo kwisetyenziselwano sabucala apho izibane nezilwanyana zinokutshintshwa kwaye uthisha unyanzelekile (kunye nexesha lokujongana) nezindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana kunye nokufunda. Ngona-bakala lokuqala, nangona kunjalo, loo mntwana unjalo kwigumbi lokufundela elinesibini kunye nabantwana abangama-25 kunye nootitshala omnye, kulindeleke ukuba balandele isalathiso esithethiweyo, kwaye banikezwe ngamanqaku ambalwa. Ukusebenza kwakhe kuncipha, ukuziphatha kwakhe kutshintsha, kwaye kunye nokulungiswa kunokuba nzima ukuba asebenze kwisimo apho ulwimi oluthethiweyo noluntu lwentlalo luyintloko kwiimpumelelo.
Enye yezinto ezinzima ngakumbi ze-autism esebenza ngokuphambili nayo yinto yokuba "ukungabonakali" ukukhubazeka kunzima ukuhlala. Unokuhlala njani ukuba umfundi onamandla unako ukuba "uncibilike" ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokukhungatheka, ukugqithiseleka kwengqondo, okanye ukuxhalabisa? Kunokwenzeka ukubeka inkxaso kwiindawo, kodwa ukuziphatha okuzenzekelayo kungenza ukwamkelwa nzima kunye nokuxhaphazwa.
Eyona ndlela ihamba phambili kwiiNkcubeko zomibini
Ngethamsanqa, kunokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba abantu abane-autism badibanise i-autism-kuphela kunye namava oluntu jikelele. Isimo esilungileyo sidibanisa amathuba okuphumla kwisimo se-autism-kuphela kunye nemisebenzi engqongqo kwaye ifuna amathuba kuluntu jikelele. Ukuhlaziya ngokuxhaswa ngokupheleleyo kungaba yindlela enhle yokubeka isigaba sokufumana indawo emhlabeni jikelele.
> Imithombo:
> Grey, KM et al. Iziphumo zabantu abadala kwi-autism: ukubandakanywa koluntu kunye nezakhono zokuphila. I-Autism Dev Disord. 2014 Dec; 44 (12): 3006-15. i-doi: 10.1007 / s10803-014-2159-x.
> Nkosi, Catherine Ed. Ukufundisa abantwana abane-Autism . I-National Research Council, iNational Academy Press. 2013.
> URadiyo kaRhulumente kaRhulumente. Ngaba abantwana be-autistic bahamba bhetele Kwizikolo ezidibeneyo okanye ezizodwa? Juni 2014. IWebhu.