Ukunyanga iGrazil ye-Thyroid engasebenzi okanye engasebenzi
Kukho izidakamizwa ezininzi ze-thyroid ezisetyenziswa kwi- endocrinology , okhethekileyo yezokwelapha ezijongene nezifo zeengqungquthela kunye nama-hormone. Amachiza angaphinda aphulwe ngokubanzi ngolu hlobo ababhekiselelwe kunyango, oku:
- I-Hypothyroidism , apho i-thyroid gland ingenzi i-hormone ye-thyroid eyaneleyo
- Hyperthyroidism , apho i-thyroid gland ikhiqiza i-hormone enkulu ye-thyroid
Ingqungquthela ye- thyroid iyilungu elinjenge-butterfly elibunjiweyo elisezantsi entanyeni phambi kompompo. Indima ye-thyroid gland ukuvelisa i-hormone ye-thyroxine (T4) kunye ne-triiodothyronine (T3) elawula yonke into esuka kwizinga lentliziyo kunye nokushisa komzimba kwimisebenzi yokuphefumula kunye nomjikelezo wesini. Nasiphi na isitenxo kwimveliso ye-T3 okanye iT4 ingabangela iimpawu ezichaphazela enye inkqubo okanye inxalenye yesigqeba kunye nobunzima obuvela kumnxeba ukuya ekunciphiseni.
Umdlavuza we-Thyroid, ngokuchaseneyo, ngowona weshumi obangelwa ngumdlavuza e-US, ochaphazela abantu abangama-55,000 baseMelika kwaye obangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-2 000 ngonyaka, ngokwemibiko evela kwi-American Cancer Society.
Iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-Hypothyroidism
Iidakamizwa ze-thyroid zishintsho zisebenzise ukuphatha i-hypothyroidism. Basebenza ngokunyusa ama-hormones ukuba i-thyroid yegland ayikwazi ukuvelisa okanye xa i-thyroid iqhutywe nge-radioactively okanye ikhutshwe ngophenyo.
I-Hypothyroidism ingabangelwa yimimiselo yeemeko kubandakanya ukusilela kwe-iodine, isifo sikaHashimoto (isifo se-autommune), unyango lomhlaza, okanye ukutshatyalaliswa okukodwa okanye okugqityiweyo kwe- thyroidectomy . Kwakhona kuba ngumphumo wesifo sokuzalwa somntwana apho i-thyroid gland ingasebenzi ngendlela efanele.
Ezinye zezilwanyana ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-hypothyroidism ziquka:
- I-Cytomel (i-liyronronine) yinguqu ye-T3
- U-Levothyroxine , uhlobo oluthile lwe-T4 oluthengiswa phantsi kwegama legama elithi Synthroid, Levoxyl, Unithroid, kunye neTirosint
- I-thyroid echongiweyo yendalo eyenziwe kwi-pig ye-pig e-pigs
Iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-Hyperthyroidism
Iziyobisi ezichasene ne-thyroid zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-hyperthyroidism. Basebenza ngokuthintela i-thyroid gland ukuba ingabonakali iodode efunekayo ukwenza i-hormone ye-thyroid.
I-Hyperthyroidism ingabangelwa yisifo seGrave (enye uhlobo lweengxaki ezizimelayo), iintsholongwane ze- thyroid ezingenayo umdlavuza, ukuvuvukala kwe-thyroid (i- thyroiditis ), kunye ne-pituitary gland (esebenza nge-gland gland ). Ngaphezu koko, isigaba sesifo sikaHashimoto sinokubangela ukuba i-hyperthyroidism ibe yindlela efanayo eyenza i-hypothyroidism.
Kukho izibhengezo ezimbini ezivunyelwe ukusetyenziswa ekuphatheni i-hypothyroidism e-US:
- Tapazole (methimazole)
- Ipropylthiouracil , igcinwe ikakhulu ekuphatheni ingxaki ye-thyroid
Iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umdlavuza weTroid
Ukongezelela ekuphatheni ukungalingani kwe-hormone, kukho ezinye iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza we-thyroid. Kukho iintlobo ezine ezahlukeneyo zomdlavuza we-thyroid , ezinye zazo ziphathwa ngakumbi kunezinye.
Unyango lwezokwelapha luyahluka kodwa luvame ukusebenzisa amaninzi afanayo namachiza asetyenziswa kwezinye i-cancer, kuquka:
- I-Adriamycin (doxorubicin hydrochloride)
- Caprelsa (vandetanib)
- I-Cometriq (cabozantinib-S-malate)
- ULenvima (lenvatinib mesylate)
- I-Nexavar (sorafenib tosylate)
Esinye isilwanyana esibizwa ngokuba yiTyrogen (thyrotropin alfa) sisetyenziselwa abantu abanomdlavuza we-thyroid ngaphambi kokusasazwa kwe-iodine . Kusetyenziswa kwakhona kulabo baphathwe ngumhlaza ngaphambi kokuba bahlalutye ngokulandelelana. Njengendlela yokwenza i -hormone ye-thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH) , i-Thyrogen inokuqinisekisa ukuba i -scan-body iskrini ngaphandle kokubangela i-hypothyroidism.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. "Izibalo eziphambili zeChrotic Cancer". Atlanta, Georgia; hlaziywa ngoJanuwari 6, 2017.
> Ross, D .; Umbhobho, H .; Cooper, D. et al. "Izikhokelo zeMigodi ye-Thyroid yase-American I-2016 yokuHlola kunye noLawulo lwe-Hyperthyroidism kunye nezinye izizathu zeTrorotoxicosis." THYROID . 2016; 26 (10): 1343-421. INGXELO: 10.1089 / yakho.2016.0229.
> McAninch, E. kunye noByanco, A. "Imbali kunye neNtetho yokwelashwa kwe-Hypothyroidism." Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164 (1): 50-56. INGXELO: 10.7326 / M15-1799.
> I-National Cancer Institute: iiNational Institutes of Health. "Izidakamizwa ezivunyelweyo kwiCyroid." EBethesda, eMaryn; ihlaziywe ngoMatshi 12, 2015.