I-Hypothyroidism inokuphuhliswa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukileyo, ukususela ekuhlaseleni ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-thyroid gland (ebizwa ngokuthi yiHashimoto's thyroiditis) ukuthatha imithi efana ne-lithium. I-Hypothyroidism ingaba yinto yokuqala yeengxaki ze-pituitary gland.
Ukuqonda "kutheni" emva kokuxilongwa kwe-hypothyroidism kubalulekile ukuqhubela phambili kunye nesicwangciso sonyango.
Kungenxa yokuba nangona abanye abantu befuna i-hormone ye-thyroid yokuhlala endaweni, abanye banokuba nexesha elifutshane le-hypothyroidism (umzekelo, i-postpartum thyroiditis), kufuneka uyeke ukuthatha imithi, okanye ufuna iimvavanyo zokuxilonga.
Isizathu Esiqhelekileyo
I-Hashimoto's thyroiditis iyona nto ibangela i-hypothyroidism e-United States.
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
I-Hashimoto's thyroiditis iyisifo esingenakuzimela esichaphazela isifo sakho se-thyroid. Kwi-Hashimoto, izifo zengqungquthela zithatha malunga neeprotheni kwisifo sakho se-thyroid, esibangela ukutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza kwegland, ngokwenza ukuba ikwazi ukuvelisa i-hormone ye-thyroid imfuno yakho.
I-Hashimoto's thyroiditis ixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini, kwaye nangona ingaba kwenzeka nangaliphi na iminyaka, iqhelekile xa abantu bekhula. Kubafazi, i-Hashimoto ihlala ikhula ngexesha lokukhulelwa, emva kokuziswa, okanye malunga nexesha lokunyuka kwesisu.
Ezinye izizathu
Ngaphandle kwesifo sikaHashimoto, ezinye izimbangela ze-hypothyroidism ziquka:
Ukuhlinzwa
Abantu abane-hyperthyroidism, i-thyroid ye-thyroid, okanye umdlavuza we-thyroid unokufuna ukuhlinzwa. Ukuba zonke i-thyroid gland zisuswe ngokugqithisileyo, umntu uya kuba yi-hypothyroid kwaye afune imithi ye-hormone yokuguqula i-hormone.
Ukuba kuphela inxalenye ye-thyroid gland isuswe, kukho ithuba elihle lokuba liya kukwazi ukwenza i-hormone eyaneleyo.
I midiyo
Esikhundleni sokuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid okanye imithi ye-antithyroid, abanye abantu abane-hyperthyroidism baphathwa nge-iodine ye-radioactive, eya kutshabalalisa i-thyroid gland, enikezela umntu hypothyroid. Abantu abafumana unyango lwe-radiation ye-Hodgkin's lymphoma okanye umhlaza wesihloko nentamo basengozini yokuphuhlisa i-hypothyroidism.
Thyroiditis
I-Thyroiditis ichaza i-thyroid ye-inflammation kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ze-thyroid. Isifo sikaHashimoto (njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla) yindlela eqhelekileyo ye-thyroiditis kwaye ibangelwa ukuhlaselwa okuzenzekelayo.
Omnye umzekelo we-thyroiditis uhlalutya i-thyroiditis (ebizwa ngokuba yi-Quervain's thyroiditis), ekholelwa ukuba ibangelwa yi-virus. Ngolu hlobo lwe-thyroiditis, umntu ufumana i-hyperthyroidism elandelwa yi-hypothyroidism, ngaphezu kwethenda ye-thyroid.
Ezinye iziyobisi
Amanye amayeza angabangela i-hypothyroidism. La mayeza aquka:
- Lithium
- Amiodarone
- Thionamides (izidakamizwa ze-antithyroid)
- I-Interferon-alpha
- Interleukin-2
- Imithi ethile yomhlaza (tyrosine kinase inhibitors kunye ne-checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies)
Iodine Ukugqitha okanye Ukusilela
Iodine eninzi kakhulu (umzekelo, ukusuka kwizongezelelo zokutya eziqulethe i-kelp) kunokubangela okanye kukugqithise ngakumbi i-hypothyroidism. Ukongezelela, ukungabikho kwe-iodine, ebonakala kwabanye abantu kumazwe angaphantsi kophuhliso kungabangela i-hypothyroidism. Iodine iyimfuneko yokuveliswa kwehomoni ye-thyroid, kwaye ifumaneka ekudleni, njengemveliso yobisi, inkukhu, inyama yenkomo, ingulube, intlanzi kunye netyuwa e-iodidi.
I-Hypothyroidism yamaKhanjethi
Ezinye iintsana zizalwe ngaphandle kwengcingo ye-thyroid okanye nge-groid kuphela. Ekubeni kungekho gland ye-thyroid (okanye ayikho ngokwaneleyo) ukuvelisa i-hormone ye-thyroid, i-hypothyroidism ikhula, into ebalulekileyo kwaye idinga unyango ngephiloni ye-hormone.
Ingxaki ye-Pituitary Gland Inkinga
I-pituitary gland ikhona kwingqondo kwaye ivuselela ezinye iingcingo ngaphakathi komzimba, njenge-grey gland, ukukhulula i-hormone. Ukuba i-pituitary gland ibonakaliswe ngumbumba wengqondo, imisebe, okanye utyando lwengqondo, lungahle lusebenze kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukubonisa isigulo se-thyroid. Oku kungakhokelela kwisigulo se-thyroid esingasebenzi. Olu hlobo lwe-hypothyroidism lubizwa ngokuba yi-central or secondary hypothyroidism.
Izifo ezithintekayo
Ngokuqhelekileyo, izifo ezithile, ezifana ne-hemochromatosis, zinokufaka izinto ezingavamile (isinyithi, kwimeko ye-hemochromatosis) kwi-pituitary gland, eyenza i-hypothyroidism ephakathi, okanye ingaphantsi, i-hypothyroidism.
Ngaphandle kwe-hemochromatosis, i-sarcoidosis inokubangela ukuba i-granuloma idiphozi kwi-thyroid gland. Kukho imeko engabonakaliyo ebizwa ngokuthi i-fibrous thyroiditis (okanye i-Riedel's thyroiditis), apho izicubu ze-fibrotic zithatha iisisu eziqhelekileyo ze-thyroid.
Genetics
I-DNA yakho inendima xa ivela ekuphuhliseni i-hypothyroidism, kwaye le nto ixhaswe zizifundo ezininzi.
Ngokomzekelo, olunye uphando lwaseJamani lwalufumana ingozi engama-32 ekuphuhliseni iHashimoto's thyroiditis kubantwana kunye ne-21-incinci eyongeziweyo kubantwana babantu abaneHashimoto's thyroiditis.
Xa ujonga kwiijethi ezithile ezixhomekeke kuHashimoto, izazinzulu ziye zathola utshintsho kwiijethi ze-anti-leukocyte antigen (HLA), i-T-cell receptors, kunye nezinye iimolyuli ezibandakanyeka kwi-immune system.
Ukuqhubela phambili ukuxhasa indima yamajethi ekuphuhliseni i-thyroiditis yeHashimoto, i-genetic syndromes, i-Turner syndrome kunye ne-Down syndrome, inomlinganiselo ophezulu kunokuba ulindeleke kwisifo se-thyroid, ngokukodwa u-Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Bonke bathi, nokuba kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba iizakhi zakho zengqondo ziyinto enye eyinceda ukuqikelela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-hypothyroidism. Kukho ezinye izinto ezininzi (ezendalo) eziza kudlala, njengokukhulelwa okanye ukuthatha amayeza athile.
Ekugqibeleni, kukudibanisa iigenesi kunye neengxaki zokusingqongileyo ezichaza umngcipheko wodwa wodwa wokuphuhlisa i-hypothyroidism.
Izinto ezinobungozi eziqhelekileyo
Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko womntu wokuphuhlisa i-hypothyroidism ziquka:
- Ukuba ngumfazi
- Ukuba ngumdala
- Ukuba yiCaucasian okanye yaseAsia
- Ukuba nenkokheli yentsapho yeHashimoto's thyroiditis okanye esinye isifo esisodwa
- Ukuba nomlando wembali wesifo sokuzimela (umzekelo, ukungazi kakuhle, i-rheumatoid arthritis, okanye uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-1)
- Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye emva kokuhamba
- Ubuninzi okanye ubuncinane kakhulu be-iodine
- Ukuphathwa nge-iodine yama-radioactive
- Imisebe efumanekayo entanyeni okanye esifubeni esiphezulu
- Utyando lwe-thyroid
- Ukuphathwa ngamachiza athile (umzekelo, i-lithium ye-bipolar disorder)
Ukuguqulwa kweengxaki zobungozi
Okuthakazelisayo, r esearch ibonisa ukuba ukusilela kwe-selenium kunokudibaniswa nokuphuhlisa iHashimoto's thyroiditis kunye ne-hypothyroidism. Ukongezelela, ukuba neengxaki zentlungu, njenge-migraines, zifunyenwe zidibene nomngcipheko ophezulu we-hypothyroidism, ingakumbi kubasetyhini abagqithiseleyo.
Akukacaci ngokucacileyo ukuba ukutshaya kuchaphazela njani i-thyroid gland, nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba kunzima. Nangona uphando lubonisa ukuba ukutshaya i-cigarette kwandisa umngcipheko we-hypothyroidism kubantu abane-Hashimoto's thyroiditis, olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukutshaya kunxulumene nokuxhaphaka kwe-hypothyroidism kunye nokuxhaphaka kwe-hyperthyroidism.
> Imithombo:
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