Isifo se-Chagas sisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa i- Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) i- parasite. Ekubeni i-bug eyithumelayo ihlala eMbindi Melika, eMzantsi Melika naseMexico, yilapho kubonakala khona ininzi yezifo, nangona ezinye iimeko zifunyenwe kumzantsi we-United States. Kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abayizigidi ezi-8 baseLatin America banesifo seChagas, abantu abaninzi bengakwazi ukusuleleka.
Ukuba ishiywe ingalawulwa, isifo seChagas sinokuphila ubomi kwaye senze intliziyo enzulu kunye neengxaki zokutya.
Iimpawu
Isifo se-Chagas sinezigaba ezimbini: isigaba esibi kunye nesigaba esingapheliyo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba, usulelo lunokubangela iimpawu ezinobunzima okanye akukho nanye, okanye unokuphela kokube besongela ubomi.
IsiGaba esiPhakathi
Uhlobo oluthile lwe-Chagas sifo luqala kuqala ukuya kwiiveki ezingama-16 emva kokuba usulelekile nguT . cruzi . Isifo se-Chagas esiqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo sisifo esifanelekileyo, kaninzi singenayo impawu kuwo onke okanye ngeempawu ezifana nezi:
- Fever
- Ukukhathala
- Intloko
- Rash
- Iintsimbi zomzimba
- I-lymph nodes
Unokuphawula kwakhona ezi zimpawu:
- Ukuvuvukala apho i-bug ikukulo
- (I)
- Ukulahleka kokutya
- Imiba yokugaya njenge-nasusea, ukuhlanza, okanye urhudo
Ezi zimpawu zinokuqhubeka iiveki okanye iinyanga kwaye zivame ukuzixazulula zodwa, kodwa intsholongwane ayihambi ngaphandle kwonyango. Iyakwazi ukuhambela kwisigaba esingasigxina, esibangela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi emva koko, ke kutheni unyango ngexesha lesiganeko lubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukubandakanya Intliziyo: Ngezinye izifo isifo esibi seChagas singathinta intliziyo yakho. Abantu abanentsholongwane yomzimba baneempawu ze- myocarditis enzima (ukuvuvukala kwesisu senhliziyo), kwaye unokuba ne- pericarditis enobuhlungu. Iimpawu kunye neempawu zokubandakanyeka kwenhliziyo zingabandakanya:
- Iintlungu zesifuba
- Dyspnea (ukuphefumula okufutshane)
- Utshintsho kwi-electrocardiogram yakho ( ECG )
- Ubungqina bentshukumo ye- pericardial (i-fluid eqokelela kwiintliziyo) kwi- echocardiogram
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iingxaki zeentliziyo ezibonwa ngesifo esibuhlungu seChagas zigqiba ngokupheleleyo emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu abanesifo esibi se-cargas Chagas baya kuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwimeko engapheliyo yokuphelelwa yintliziyo , kwaye malunga neepesenti ezingama-5 baze bafe ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo ngexesha lokugula.
IsiGaba esingapheliyo
Emva kwesigaba esichukumisayo sesifo seChagas, abantu abaninzi abangazange baphathwe bangene into ebizwa ngokuba yimizimba engapheliyo (okanye i-latent) yesifo. Ifomu engapheliyo yesifo sikaChagas ibonakaliswe ukungabi naso kokugula okanye iimpawu.
Ukuba unesifo se-Chagas esingapheliyo, ubonakala kwaye uzive uqhelekileyo, kwaye uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-cardiac, olubandakanya i-ECG kunye ne-echocardiogram. Nangona kunjalo, ukuvavanywa kwegazi kuya kubonisa ukuba unesifo esingapheliyo kunye noT . cruzi . Abantu abaninzi bahlala kweli nqanaba elingaphandle bengenalo iimpawu ebomini babo bonke ubomi.
Ifomu engapheliyo yesifo se-Chagas ithinta ama-20 ukuya kuma-30 ekhulwini kubantu kwaye ingaba neminyaka eyi-10 okanye engama-20 emva kokuba usulelekile, uhlala iminyaka emashumi. Izibonakaliso neempawu ezibangelwa isifo esingasigxina saseChagas siye satshatyalaliswa kwaye sisenokuba sisongela ubomi singabandakanya iimpawu zengqondo ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla, kunye:
- Intliziyo engavumelekanga
- Ukumelwa yintliziyo
- Ukwandiswa kwenhliziyo
- Ukwandiswa kweColon, engabangela ukugqithisa okukhulu kunye nentlungu yesisu
- Ukwandiswa kwesifo sakho, esinokubangela intlungu kunye nobunzima bokugwinya
- Ukufa ngokukhawuleza
Ukuba unesigxina esingapheliyo sesifo se-Chagas, ingozi yakho yokuphila enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ntliziyo okanye iingxaki zesisu zisondele kuma-30 ekhulwini. Isifo senhliziyo saseChagas sivame ukubonakala ubuncinane kwiminyaka emihlanu emva kokugula okubi, kwaye kunokuthi kulibaziseka ixesha elide kunelo. Isifo senhliziyo saseChagas yinkalo ebalulekileyo kwaye ihlala iphumela ekufeni okanye ngokukhubazeka okukhulu.
Enyanisweni, ecaleni kwesifo se-coronary disease, isifo seChagas yisona sizathu esivakalayo sokusweleka kwentliziyo kwiLatin America.
Izizathu
Isifo se-Chagas sibangelwa yi- Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) i- parasite, efunyenwe kwinqanawa ye-buatomine bugs eMzantsi Melika, eMntla Amerika naseMexico. Izidumbu ze-Triatomine ziqhelekileyo kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, ngokukodwa kwiindawo zokuhlala ezenziwe nge-adobe, udaka, utshani, okanye i-toch, kunye nokutya kwegazi lomntu kunye nezilwanyana. Isifo se-Chagas asiqhelekanga kubahlali basezidolophini kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo sinqongophe kwimimandla yasemaphandleni yaseLatin America, nangona kukho iimeko emhlabeni jikelele.
Uninzi lwabantu luyayicinga eso sifo xa bethwa yi-bugat triinom ekhusele i-parasite kumntu osulelekileyo okanye kwisilwanyana. Izibungulu ze-Triatomine zihlwaya kwaye zijwayele ukuluma ubuso bakho ebusuku xa ulala, yingakho baziwa nangokuthi "busiki." Bazixhatshaza emva kokukubetha, ngoko i-parasite ishiywe esikhwameni sakho apho ingangena khona emzimbeni wakho ngokuluma, okanye ngokungahlazi ngokungaziwayo iipasisiti emehlweni akho, emlonyeni, okanye ekunqunywe okanye ukukhahlela.
Unokufumana isifo seChagas ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
- Kwi-utero (omama abathintekayo banokuyithumela kubantwana)
- Ukufumana ilungu elithelelekileyo ngokusebenzisa ukufakelwa kwendawo
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi kumntu osulelekileyo
- Ukutya ukutya okungahlambulukanga okugqithisiweyo okanye okuluhlaza
- Ukubonakaliswa kwibhubhoratri
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuba ucinga ukuba unakho isifo seChagas, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala ukukunika uvavanyo lomzimba aze akubuze malunga neempawu zakho kunye nokuvezwa kwimizimba ye- T. cruzi . Uya kuthi ayenze ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukujonga i-antibodies kwi-parasite, enokuqinisekisa okanye ukulawula ukuba ngaba unayo isifo seChagas okanye unayo . Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi luhle, ugqirha wakho angenza uvavanyo oluthe xaxa ukuze abone ukuba uhlala kwisigaba esisebenzayo okanye esingasigxina kwaye ukuba wenze naziphi na iingxaki. Ezi mvavanyo ezongezelelweyo zingabandakanya i-echocardiogram, i-electrocardiogram, i-X-ray esifubeni, i-X-ray yesisu, okanye i-endoscopy ephezulu.
Unyango
Ukunyangwa kwesifo se-Chagas kubandakanya ukubulala i- T. cruzi i- parasite kunye nokunyanga iimpawu kunye neempawu zeengxaki ezinokuthi ukukhubazeka kwintliziyo okanye i-cardiac arrhythmias, kunye nokusebenza ukukhusela ukufa ngokukhawuleza. Iingcali ziyavuma ukuba kubalulekile ukunyanga izigulane ezinezifo ezinzulu zeChagas, kwaye mhlawumbi kunye nesifo sokuqala se-Chagas esingenasiphelo, kunye neyeza-antiparasitic unyango olujoliswe kwiT . cruzi .
Amachiza amabini asebenzayo ngokubhekiselele kuT. cruzi abizwa ngokuba yi-benznidazole kunye ne-nifurtimox. Ezi zombini izi yobisi zivame ukudala utywala obukhulu, kwaye kuphela i-benznidazole ivunyelwe ukusetyenziswa yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Nangona kunjalo, akukho nakwii-pharmacy zase-US, oogqirha baseMerika abafuna ukunyanga isigulane kuT. cruzi kufuneka bafumane ezi zizonyango ngokuthe ngqo kwiiNkonzo zokuLawula nokuVimbela i-CDC. Ukuba zithathwa ngokukhawuleza, ezi ziyeza ziphantse kwi-100 ekhulwini ekuphatheni isifo seCasgas.
Ububungqina obuncinane bokuthi unyango lwabantu abadala abanesifo esingapheliyo okanye esingapheliyo sesifo seChagas kunye neyeza lokulwa ne-antiparasitic siphucula kakhulu umphumo. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha banika izidakamizwa kubantu abangaphantsi kwama-50 kwaye banokuba nezifo ezingapheliyo okanye ezingapheliyo zesifo seChagas ngenxa yokuba iziyobisi zinganciphisa iingxaki ezibangelwa yisifo, nangona aziyi kuphilisa.
Ukukhusela isifo seCasgas akuyona nto ixhalaba ngabantu baseMerika, ngaphandle kokuba bahlala okanye bahamba kwiindawo zasemaphandleni zaseLatin American. Kwabo baxhalabelekileyo, ezi zicwangciso zilandelayo zinokuba luncedo:
- Khumbula ukugcinwa kokutya kunye nokusetyenziswa
- Gcina indawo yakho yokuhlala, ingakumbi kwigumbi lakho lokulala, ucocekile (oya kwiindawo zokuhlala zeefestile, nazo)
- Ngaba indawo yakho yokuhlala ichithelwa ngama-insecticide ngokuqheliswa kwengcali
- Qinisekisa ukuba nayiphi na imingxuma okanye ukuphosa kwindlu yakho igcwele
ILizwi
Ukuba unesivumelwano sesifo seChagas, ungakhathazeki. Uninzi lweziganeko azidingi ukuba zifakwe esibhedlele kwaye ukuba ufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza, isifo sinokuphiliswa. Nangona ungaqondi ukuba unesi sifo kwaye ugqibe kwisigaba esingasigxina, unyango lunokuthi luncede kwaye unamava angaphezu kwama-70 okungavelanga naziphi na iingxaki. Ukuba unenkathazo, iimpawu zakho zinokuncitshiswa kakhulu, umgangatho wakho wobomi unokuphuculwa kakhulu, kwaye ukusinda kwakho kunokuhlala ixesha elide xa kuqhathaniswa ubuqili, ubuchule bonyango.
> Imithombo:
> I-Bern C. Chagas 'Izifo. I-New England Journal of Medicine . Julayi 30, 2015; 373: 456-66. I-doi: 10.1056 / NEJMra1410150.
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). I-Chagas Disease: Iinkcukacha eziPhambili. ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 19, 2017.
> Gali WL, Sarabanda AV, Baggio JM, et al. I-Cardioverter-I-Defibrillators Yokunyangwa Kwamayeza E-Ventricular Arrhythmias asetyenziswayo kwizigulane ezine-Cagas 'Heart disease': Ukuthelekiswa neqela eliLawulayo elijongene no-Amiodarone kuphela. Europace. Meyi 2014; 16 (5): 674-80. i-doi: 10.1093 / i-europace / eut422.
> Kirchhoff LV, iRassi A. Chagas Izifo kunye neTaypanosomiasis yaseAfrika. Ku: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, uLongo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Iinqununu zeHarrison zeMithi yoPhakathi , ngomhla we-19. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.
> Abasebenzi beKliniki yabasebenzi. Izifo zeChagas. Clinical Mayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Oktobha 3, 2017.