Ukuxilongwa kwesifo seChagas kuxhomekeke ekubeni isifo sisisigxina, sihlala siphela okanye sizalwa.
Ukuchonga izifo ezibangelwa yiChagas
Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokufumanisa isifo seChagas ngexesha lesiganeko sokugula, xa ithuba lokutshatyalaliswa kweTranspanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) ukusuleleka kwezilwanyana ezinobulunga obuphezulu.
Ngelishwa, eli thuba lidlalwa kakhulu.
Oku kungenxa yokuba iimpawu ezibangelwa zizifo zaseChagas eziqhelekileyo zihlala zinyameko kwaye zingabonakalisi ngokukrakra, ngoko ke abantu abaneCacgas ngokuthe tye abafuni unyango lwezonyango.
Abantu abahlala kwimimandla eqhelekileyo kufuneka baqwalasele iimpawu zesifo se-Chagas esichukumisayo , ingakumbi ukuba baye baqaphela ukubetha kwezilwanyana ezigqwesileyo okanye ezihlala zihlala ixesha elide, okanye ukuba ziyazi ukugqashuka kwesifo se-Chagas kwindawo yabo. Ukuba bakrokra bafanele babone ugqirha.
Ngokumalunga noogqirha, kubalulekile ukuba nabo bahlale besolisa ukuba isifo seChagas sinokuthi sibe khona kwaye senze uvavanyo olufunekayo lokuvavanya. Ngokwenyani, oku kuqhutyelwa kuphela ngexesha lokuqhambuka kwendawo, xa ukuhlolwa kwesantlupheko semimandla yoluntu kusekwa.
Ukwenza i-Diagnosis
Ngethuba lesiganeko sesifo seChagas, inani lama-parasites eT. cruzi ngokuqhelekileyo liphezulu kakhulu. Oku kuvumela ukuxilongwa kwe-Chagas ukuba kwenziwe ngokuhlolisisa iisampula zegazi ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekileyo phantsi kwe-microscope.
Nangona kunjalo, inani le-T. cruzi egazini legazi liwa ngokukhawuleza emva kweentsuku eziyi-90 zokuqala, nokuba akukho nonyango lunikezelwa. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngeyona nto ayisona ndlela ethembekileyo yokufumanisa isifo seCasgas emva kwelo xesha. Uvavanyo lwe-microscope alusoze lusetyenziswe ngexesha lesigxina seChagas.
Ukongeza kwi-microscopic test, ukuhlolwa kwegazi lebhubhoratri nakho kunokuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo kwisifo seChagas. Oku kwenziwa ngophando lwe - polymerase reaction (PCR) , olufumana i-DNA ye-T. cruzi kwisampuli yegazi. Uvavanyo oluvakalayo lwe-PCR, njengolu vavanyo lwe-microscope, lubonisa ukuba i-T. cruzi ziphilayo zikhoyo kwigazi.
Iimpawu ezinxulumene nesifo esibi kakhulu seChagas-njengobuthathaka, umkhuhlane, intlungu, umonakalo, kunye nentlungu-ingadideka kalula kunye neempawu zentsholongwane yokutheleleka kwe-HIV , okanye ukusuleleka kosulelo lwe -HIV . Ngoko xa umntu ohlala kwindawo ehlala kuyo ngenxa yesifo seChagas uvavanywa kuyo nayiphi na le miqathango, ngokuqhelekileyo yinto efanelekileyo yokuvavanya isifo seT. cruzi.
Ukuchonga i-Chronic Chagas
Esi sifo esingapheliyo seCasgas, i-T. cruzi zezilwanyana ngokuqhelekileyo ayisekho kwigazi, ngoko ukuvavanya kwe-microscopic ye-sampuli yegazi kuhlale kuphazamiseka, njengokuba kuhlolwa kwe-PCR.
Ukuchonga isifo esingasasigxina seCasgas ngokuqhelekileyo kuxhomekeka ekufumaneni izifo ezinqamlekileyo ezenziwe ngumzimba ukulwa nesifo. Inani leemvavanyo liye laphuhliswa ukuba likhangele i-antibodies kwi-T. cruzi, kubandakanya i-assayorbent (ELISA) ene-enzyme exhunyaniswe ne-enzyme kunye ne-immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA).
Akukho nanye yale mivavanyo yokulwa ne-antibody echanileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba isetyenziswe yodwa, ngoko ukuze uhlolisise isifo esingapheliyo se-Chagas, ubuncinane ubuncinane beemvavanyo ezi-antibody eziqhelekileyo zenziwa-kwaye ukuba iziphumo zihluke phakathi kwabo, uvavanyo lwesithathu lwenziwe ukuba lusebenze umdibanisi.
Ngelo xesha, uvavanyo kufuneka lwenziwe ukuba lukhangele naziphi na ezinye izizathu ezinokubangela iintlobo zesifo sengqondo kunye nesisu esisisigxina esifana nesifo esingapheliyo seCasgas . Uluhlu lweemeko ezinokukwenza oku ngelishwa lide, kwaye oogqirha kufuneka basebenzise isigwebo esithile sekliniki ekunqumeni ukuba yiyiphi inzame yokwenza, kunye naluphi na umyalelo.
Ukufumanisa i-Congenital Chagas
Ukufika kwi-10 ekhulwini yeengane ezizalelwe oomama abanesifo sikaT. cruzi ziya kuhlakulela isifo esibi kakhulu seChagas-imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-congenital Chagas. Kubalulekile ukuba usana olunezifo ezizalwe ngumntwana weChagas ukuba uphathwe ngoncedo lwe-antitrypanosal ukukhusela iingxaki ezingapheliyo.
Isifo sesifo sokuzalwa esasifana nesifo se-Chagas kufuneka sithatyathwe kuyo nayiphi na isana esinawo umama ovela kwindawo apho isifo sifana khona. Ukuvavanywa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kuthathwa rhoqo kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo abahlala kwiindawo ezinjalo, kwaye iintsana zoomama abavavanyayo ziyakwazi ukuhlolwa kwisifo.
Ukuhlolwa kweentsana ngokwabo ngenxa yesifo sobuntana besifo se-Chagas ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ngexesha lokuzalwa kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-PCR kwintambo yegazi, okanye kwisampuli yegazi efunyanwe kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuzalwa. Ukuba umama uyaziwa ukuba unesifo se-Chagas kwaye ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwintsana kukubi, kuphinda ukuvavanywa kwengane kufuneka kwenziwe emva kwenyanga okanye ezimbini.
> Imithombo:
> UBern C, uMartin DL, uGilman RH. Izifo ezibangayo kunye neChanital Chagas Disease. Adv Parasitol 2011; 75:19.
> Messenger LA, Gilman RH, Verastegui M, et al. Ukubhekiselele ekuphuculeni ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwezifo ezibangelwa yiChague Disease kwi-Setting Endemic. Iiklinikhi ezingagqibekanga Dis 2017; 65: 268.