I-Malaria yintsholongwane ephezulu, echaphazela abantu abayizigidi ezingama-200 emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxilongwa kwayo kungadinga iiveki eziliqela okanye ngaphezulu ngenxa yemingeni embalwa:
- Izibonakaliso ezingaqhelekanga, ezinjengomkhuhlane zingabonakala zibonakalisa zibonakaliso zentsholongwane elincinci, elingenakukhawulelwa kwintsholongwane yeentsholongwane iintsuku eziliqela.
- Ixesha elincinci lokunyusa lithetha ukuba ukuba uye wavezwa ngentsholongwane ye-malaria ngokusebenzisa ukuluma umiyane, awuyi kubona iimpawu kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga eziliqela, ngokuphindaphindiweyo emva kokungcola kwimozulu yezityalo ezitshisayo kunye ne-mosquito.
Izibonakaliso ezininzi zeklinikhi ziyimpawu ze-malariya, kwaye xa ezi zibonakaliso zenzeke, iimvavanyo zokuxilonga ezinokuthenjwa ziyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngaba unesifo esibangelwa yi-parasite.
Ukuvavanya nokuzihlola kwekhaya
Unokufunda ukuqaphela iimpawu zokuqala ze-malariya ukwenzela ukuba ufumane wena okanye abathandekayo bakho bavavanywa ukuba babone ukuba unesifo.
Imbali yoBungqungquthela beMiyane
Ukuba unayo umlingo uyabetha kwindawo yendawo apho ukusuleleka kwe-malaria kwenzeka, oku kuphakamisa amathuba okusuleleka.
I-Flu-Like Illness
I-Malaria ichazwa njengesifo esifana nesifo-mkhuhlane, kunye nokudibanisa iimpawu ezinokubandakanya izifo, ukukhathala, iintloko, imisipha yomzimba, isisu esicasulayo, ukuhlanza, kunye nesifo sohudo. Ukuba ufumana ezi zimbalwa iiveki okanye iinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuba uhlaselwe kwi-malaria, kufuneka uxele ugqirha wakho.
Imijikelezo yeFaver, i-Chills, i-Sweats, ne-Shaking
I-malaria idlalwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yesibonelo somkhuhlane we-cyclic fever.
Unokufumana ama-fever alternates kunye nama-cylls kunye nemijikelezo enokuhlala khona ukusuka kwiiyure ezili-10 ukuya kwii-35.
IiLabs kunye novavanyo
Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi zegazi ezinganceda ekuxilweni kwe-malariya. I-parasite ihlala ngaphakathi kweeseli ezibomvu zamalungu omzimba, kwaye ezinye iimvavanyo ziyakwazi ukuchonga umzimba ngokwawo, ngoxa ezinye iimvavanyo zikwazi ukubona iikhemikhali ezibonisa ubungqina bendalo ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho.
Gcwalisa i-Blood Count kunye neProfayili yeKhemistry
Inani legazi kunye namanqanaba e-electrolyte angabonakalisa eminye yemiphumo ye-malaria, njengokuguqulwa, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, kunye nokungaphumeleli kwezintso.
Uvavanyo lweMicroscopic
I-blood smear yindlela yokujonga isampula yegazi, ebeka kwisilayidi kwaye ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. I-parasite iyabonakala xa isampuli yegazi ibonakaliswe ngombala okhethekileyo, i-Giemsa stain.
Ukuba unayo i-blood smear engalunganga apho i-parasite ingabonakaliswa, oku akuthethi ukuba awunayo intsholongwane. Ukuba kukho isizathu esinamandla sokucinga ukuba une-malaria, ngokubanzi kucetyiswa ukuphinda i-blood smear ukuze uzame ukubona i-parasite.
Uvavanyo loKutya ngokukhawuleza (RDT)
Uvavanyo olungabonakalisa ubukho be-parasite ngokukhawuleza, i-RDT inezinye iingenelo kunye nezinye izinto ezingalunganga. Akufuneki ingcali ukuba iphose kwaye ihlole isampuli encinci, kodwa ixabisa kwaye iqwalaselwe ingqiqo echanekileyo kunokuba i-microscopic examination.
I-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
I-PCR iyakwazi ukubona ubukho be-malaria ye-genetic material in sampuli yegazi ethathwe kumntu osulelekileyo. Kuthathwa njengolu vavanyo olunzulu, kodwa iziphumo zingathatha iintsuku eziliqela.
Uvavanyo lufuna indawo ekhethekileyo yebhubhoratri kwaye yindleko ephezulu kunezinye iimvavanyo zegazi ze-malariya.
Ukucinga
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimvavanyo zegazi zizona zivavanyo ezinokuthenjelwa kakhulu nge-malaria kuba i-parasite ichaphazela iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwaye azibonakali ngokukhawuleza kwizifundo zengcamango.
UBrain CT okanye iBrian MRI
Kwezinye iimeko, ezinjenge-malaria ye-cerebral, ingxaki enzulu apho i-malaria isasazeka khona kwingqondo, iimvavanyo ezingekhoyo ezintle ezifana nobuchopho be-CT okanye i-MRI lunokuba luncedo. Kuloo meko, ukucinga ngengqondo kungabonisa ubukho bobuchopho, kunye neendawo ezincinci kunye nokubetha, apho izicwangciso zonyango olulandelayo zingaphathwa ngayo.
Ukuxilongwa ngokungafani
Kukho ezinye iimeko ezininzi ezabelana ngezinye iimpawu zeklinikhi iimpawu ze-malaria. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimvavanyo zokuxilonga zifuneka ukuhlula phakathi kwezi meko kunye ne-malariya.
Usulelo lweNtsholongwane
Njenge-malariya, igciwane lesifo sengculazi kunye nezinye izifo zintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo zingabangela nayiphi na inhlanganisela yeentsholongwane, izibilini, isisu, isisu, ukuhlanza, ukukhwehlela nokuphefumula. Umehluko kukuba i-malaria inonyango oluthile olungaphilisi iintsholongwane zentsholongwane. \
Uninzi lwexesha, ukuba unentsholongwane yentsholongwane okanye usulelo lwesinye intsholongwane, unokufumana unyango kuphela ngenxa yeempawu, kungekhona intsholongwane. Unyango oluthabatha unyango lwe-influenza ngokwawo aluncedi ukuphucula okanye unyango lwe-malaria.
Sepsis
I-Sepsis yintsholongwane leyo isasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba, echaphazela igazi kunye nokudala iimpawu ezininzi ezifana nezifo ezilukhuni ezikhuselweyo ne-malaria, ezinjengamafiva aphakamileyo, ama-chills kunye nokukhupha. I-Sepsis inokuqhubela phambili ukudala ukungaphumeleli komzimba, ukulahleka kwengqondo, okanye i-coma.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-malariya kunye ne-sepsis kukuba i-sepsis idla ngokubangela ukusuleleka kwe-bhakteria efuna ukunyangwa ngamayeza okujoliswe kwiibhaktheriya, kwaye i-sepsis ayiphuculanga ngonyango olunikezwa malaria.
I-Meningitis okanye i-Encephalitis
Usulelo olubandakanya ingqondo (encephalitis) okanye isigubungelo esijikeleze ingqondo (meningitis) sinokubangela ukuxhatshazwa, ubuthathaka, utshintsho lomboniso, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwengqondo. I-malaria ye-cerebral, njenge-meningitis kunye ne-encephalitis, yintsholongwane ebalulekileyo engabangela umonakalo ohlala unomdlavuza.
Ngalunye lwezi zifo kufuneka ziphathwe ngonyango kunye nelo lucandelo lokunyanga olujoliswe ekulawuleni nasekupheliseni imbangela yesifo.
I-Dengue Fever
I-Dengue nayo isuleleko isatshatswa yimiyane, kwaye, njenge-malaria, ibangelwa imfiva, intloko yesifo kunye nemisipha yomzimba. Ukwahlukana okukhulu phakathi kokusuleleka kunye ne-malariya kukuba i-dengue idla ngokudibanisa nokugqithisa, ngelixa i-malaria ayikho. Ingqungquthela igciwane lesandulela ngonyango olwahlukileyo ngaphandle kwelodririya.
Ukungena Kwemfiva
Ukungena kwintsholongwane yintsholongwane eyenziwa yiibhaktheriya ezithengiswa ngokutya okanye ukudibanisa nabantu, kungekhona ngogqirha. Izimpawu ezininzi zifana nezo malariya, kubandakanywa nemfiva, ukubola, ukukhathala, isisu, ukuhlanza, kunye nesifo sohudo.
Ukungena kwemfiva kubangelwa i-anemia kunye nokungaqhelekanga kweemvavanyo zesibindi kwiimviwo zebhoratri, ngelixa i-malaria ibonakaliswa ngokubonakala ngentsholongwane ka-malariya kwi-smear yegazi. Isizathu esithathelwanayo sihlukile, kwaye izifo zifuna unyango olwahlukileyo.
Isifo se-Anemia Crisis Sickle
I-malaria kunye nenkinga ye- anemia ye-sickle yegleyile ibelana ngeziganeko ezimbalwa, kubandakanywa iingubo zegazi kwiimitha ezincinci zegazi kunye nokuhlukana kwamaseli obomvu. I-blood smear iyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kweemeko.
Inkathazo yesifo se-anemia nesifo se-malaria ziphathwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kunye ne-malaria efuna imishanguzo ye-antias parasite kunye neengxaki zeseli yegulane ezifuna ukumpontshelwa igazi kunye nokuphathwa kwe-oxygen.
> Imithombo:
> Calderaro A, i-Piccolo G, iMontecchini S, et al. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-malariya kwiimeko ezingafaniyo: ukuthelekiswa kwezixhobo zokuxilonga kunye nesiphumo sesigulane ngexesha lovavanyo lweminyaka emine (2013-2017). I-Malar J. 2018 Feb 5; 17 (1): 63. i-doi: 10.1186 / s12936-018-2218-4.
> Laktabai J, Platt A, Menya D, et al. Isicwangciso seteknoloji yezempilo yeselula sokuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho we-malariya ukuxilongwa ngabasebenzi bezempilo. PLoS One. 2018 Feb 1; 13 (2): e0191968. i-doi: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pone.0191968. eCollection 2018.