I-Malaria, eyaziwa nangokusuleleka kwe-Plasmodium, yintsholongwane ye-parasitic-ithetha ukuba ingena emzimbeni ngokuluma umiyane. Ubumlwane lusulelekile kwi-HIV kwaye luyithumela kumntu.
Nangona i-Plasmodium parasite yimbangela ebalulekileyo yentsholongwane, izinto zokusingqongileyo kunye neendlela zokuphila zidlala ukudlala indima. Hlola izinto eziqhelekileyo neziqhelekileyo-zingakunceda ukukhusela i-malaria.
Ukuthunyelwa kwePasititic
Kukho iintlobo ezine ze-Plasmodium parasite ezifaka isandla kwiintsholongwane zabantu. Bazi:
- I-P. falciparum: Iintlobo ezinxulumene nesimo esibi kakhulu sentsholongwane, kwaye iyona nto ibangelwa yintsholongwane.
- P. vivax : Phakathi kwezona ziqhelekileyo.
- P. malariae : Ubangelwa uhlobo olubi lokugula.
- I-P. ovale : Ayinqabile .
Usulelo luyakwazi ukungena emzimbeni wakho ngenxa yokuluma kwentwazana yase- Anopheles , ekhonza njengevector (carrier). Le mbuzane inokuphila kwiindawo ezitshatyalaliswayo, kwaye yiyo kuphela kulezi zifo ezidluliselwa sisifo. Umiyane ngokwabo ufumana i-parasite ngokubetha umntu osulelekileyo.
Indlela iParasite ibangelwa ngayo Izifo
Zonke iindidi ze-malaria zizibangela ukulandelelana kweziganeko ezenzeka kuwo wonke umzimba, ovelisa iimpawu zentsholongwane.
Emva kokuba umlingo ophethe i-malaria ubetha umntu, uhlobo oluchaphazelayo lwe-parasite, i-sporozoite, lingena esibindi somntu, apho luvelisa kwaye lungena kwisigaba esitsha kumjikelezo wobomi balo, isigaba se-merozoite.
I-merozoites, eveliswa kwisibindi, faka iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ifomu le-merozoite lichaza phakathi kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, kubangele ukuba ziqhume, zikhulule iikhemikhali ezivelisa ezininzi iimiphumo ze-malaria, ezifana nemifuma, i-chills kunye nama-aches. I-merozoites ekhishwayo xa iiselom zegazi ezibomvu zingakwazi ukuhamba kuwo wonke umzimba, ukungena kwezinye iiseli zegazi ezibomvu.
Ngamanye amaxesha, iziphumo ezinzima kakhulu kwaye iipasasites okanye iindidi zegazi ezibomvu zintsholongwane ziphazamisa izitho zomzimba ezifana nobuchopho, intliziyo, imiphunga, okanye iintso.
Izizathu Eziqhelekileyo Eziqhelekileyo
Kukho imeko ezininzi ezinxulumene nomngcipheko ophantsi wokutshatyalaliswa kwe-malaria.
UkuSweleka koMzimba
Unokusuleleka ngentsholongwane ka-malariya nangona unesistim sokuzivikela esiqhelekileyo, kodwa abantu abanokukhubazeka kwamagciwane, kuquka i-HIV, banokufumana imiphumo emibi yentsholongwane.
Ukukhulelwa
Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo banomngcipheko ophezulu wokusuleleka kwe-malariya. Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezicetywayo ezi, kubandakanywa ne-immune system-engayenza kwakhona ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane-okanye isistim somzimba esilahlayo-esenza ukuba kube ngakumbi ngabafazi abakhulelweyo ababa nzima ukuphuhlisa ukugula.
Iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa-Ukuthunyelwa kuMama wabo
Ezinye iintsana zizalelwe ngokusuleleka ngentsholongwane ka-malariya, ukufumana i-parasite evela kumama, kungekhona kumvini wezilumko.
UkuTshintshiswa kweGazi
Kukho iingxelo zentsholongwane ye-malaria eye yasasazeka kumntu omnye ukuya kwelinye ngokumpontshelwa igazi . Kule meko, umnikeli wegazi ofumene intsholongwane, ngokuqhelekileyo esuka kumvini wemiyane, ngokuqhelekileyo akavelanga iimpawu zesifo.
Ukutshintshwa kweeseli zegazi, ezinokusuleleka kwimizimba ye-parasitic, kunokuvumela ukuba i-parasite ikhule ngaphakathi komzimba wommkeli wegazi.
Izinto zokuphila
I-Malaria yintsholongwane eqhutyelwa kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile zendawo kunye nesimo sezulu esiphezulu nesininzi samanzi, apho i-vector vector ephethe i-parasite inokuphila. Izinto zokuphila zingaba nendima enoba mhlawumbi unokusuleleka ukuba unesifo se-parasite.
Ukuhlala kwiNgingqi kunye neNqanaba eliphezulu leMalariya
Ukuhlala kwindawo eyaziwayo nge-malaria kwandisa ingozi yokusuleleka.
Nangona kuphawulwe ukuba abanye abantu abahlala kwimimandla enomgangatho ophezulu we-malaria bangakwazi ukukhusela, abaninzi abantu abanempilo enomzimba abanezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zokuzivikela kwaye banokufa ngenxa yesifo.
Ukutyelela iNkalo ngezinga eliphezulu leMalariya
Abahambi abavelele imimandla enezinga eliphezulu le-malaria banokusuleleka, ikakhulu kuba abahambi abangabonakaliyo kwintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba bangakhuselekanga kwimeko.
Izinto zendalo
Ezinye izinto zandisa ukwanda kwe-malaria, kuquka ukungabikho kwempahla yokukhusela, indawo yokuhlala yokulala, ukungabi nantlanzi yokugonywa kwezilwanyana kunye nokungabikho kokugonywa. Ngokukodwa xa uhamba, yenza okusemandleni akho ukuthatha izilumkiso ezifanelekileyo.
> Imithombo:
> Alho RM, Machado KV, Val FF, et al. Iindlela zokudlulisela ezinye iindlela ngexesha lokuphelisa i-malaria: ukujonga ngokubanzi umlwelwe wokudluliselwa komzimba eMelika, iMalar J. 2017 Feb 15; 16 (1): 78. i-doi: 10.1186 / s12936-017-1726-y.
> Mbale EW, Moxon CA, Mukaka M, et al. Ukutshintshwa kwe-HIV kukuthintela impendulo evukayo kodwa kungekhona umphumo we-malaria ye-cerebral kwizingane zaseMalawi, J Infect. 2016 Sep; 73 (3): 189-99. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.jinf.2016.05.012. Epub 2016 Juni 14.