Ukuxilongwa kwesifo somhlaza wesibeleko kunomonakalo. Kodwa namhlanje, kunye nezindleko zokusinda eziphezulu njengama-98%, kunesizathu esininzi kunokuba sithembeke. Ngesinye isikhathi, umdlavuza webele usenokufumaneka kuphela xa isifo sikhulu ngokwaneleyo ukubona okanye ukuziva. Ngoku iyakwazi ukuqwalaselwa-kwaye iphilise - ngaphambili, rhoqo ngaphambi kokuba kukho naziphi na izimpawu ezibonakalayo.
Intuthuko ebalulekileyo emdlalweni webele, ukuxilongwa kunye unyango lubandakanya:
- Mammography
- Uphuculo lokuphanda
- I midiyo
- Chemotherapy
- Iziyobisi ezinqanda i-estrogen
- Vavanyo lwe-Genetic
- Ulwaphulo lweeyleksi
Kule minyaka engamashumi amabini adlulileyo, uphuhliso lwezokwelapha luncede ukuguqula ukuqonda kwethu ngomhlaza.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwi-Cancer Diagnosis
Ukususela kwiminyaka ye-1950, ukunyuka kwe-mammography kuthiwa ukunyusa izinga lokusinda iminyaka emi-5 kwisifo somhlaza wesifuba (esingazange sisasazeke kwisiza sayo semvelaphi) ukusuka kuma-80% ukuya kuma-98%. I-Mammography yindlela yokufumana umdlavuza webele. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo sele zisetyenziswe kwiminyaka ukufumana:
- Emva kwe-1967, i-diagnmatic mammography yafumana udumo ngokusungulwa kwezixhobo ngokukhethekileyo kwi-breast x-ray. Ngaloo xesha, injongo ye-mammography - enje into enjalo kwi-MRI namhlanje - yayikuhlalutya kwakhona kwezinto eziphazamisekile ezazisetyenziswa. Ukujonga izilwanyana - ngoku zicebise bonke abafazi abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu-zaqala ngawo-1980.
- I-Digital Mammography - I-Digital mammography yaqaliswa ekuqaleni kwee-1990 kwaye inikezela ngemifanekiso enzulu kwaye igcinwe lula ngokuthelekiswa kwexesha elizayo, kodwa ayifumanekanga kwiindawo ezininzi, ingakumbi ngaphandle kweedolophu kunye nezibhedlele ezinkulu zokufundisa. Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-digital mammography inenzuzo kakhulu kwabasetyhini abangaphantsi kwama-50 abahlala benamaxesha, kunye nalabo abaneengxube zesifuba ezincinci. Iisisisi ezinamafutha amaninzi zingabonakalisa izimo ezingalunganga kwimimmogram. Kwinkoliso yabasetyhini, idijithali ayikho into echanekileyo ngakumbi kunokuba i-mammography eqhelekileyo, kodwa ibe ngamaxesha amane ngokubiza kwaye angenakuncinci ukufunyanwa nge-inshurensi.
- I-Three-Dimensional Mammography - I-teknoloji entsha evunyiwe yi-FDA ngo-2011, i-mammography emithathu-ntathu ingenza imifanekiso ecacileyo ibe nethemba lokubamba ezinye i-cancer kunye nokunqanda inani lokuphindaphinda amanqaku kwisiqingatha.
- I-Ultrasound - Ekupheleni kwee-1970, oogqirha baqala ukusebenzisa i- ultrasound ukufumanisa ukuba i- cyst esele ifunyenwe yayisisigxina okanye i-liquid, eyayixhasayo.
- I-MRI - Ngo-2007, i-American Cancer Society (ACS) ikhuthaze i- MRIs minyaka yonke kubafazi abasengozini enkulu yomhlaza wesifuba, kodwa inkqubo iyabiza kwaye ifumaneka kwiidolophu ezinkulu. I-ultrasound okanye i-MRI ayinakukubona ukucaciswa kwezinto ezincinci , ngezinye izihlandlo kuphela umqondiso womhlaza wokuqala. Enye inzuzo kukuba i-MRI ayikwazi ukuhlala ihlula umhlaza wesibeleko esingabonakaliyo (noncancerous), okubangele i-biopsies ephezulu-inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukususa isampuli (s) zesistim kwi-tumor esityhilwayo.
- Iimviwo zeBritical Exams kunye nokuzivocavoca - I-ACS ngaphambili yayikhuthaza uvavanyo lwezonyango zonyaka zonyango ngugqirha kunye ne-self-examination (BSEs), ngo-2015, bahlaziya izikhokelo zokuthi abasayi kuphinda bahlolisise ukuhlolwa kwekliniki yesifuba phakathi abafazi abasengozini emngeni nawuphi na ubudala.
Ugqirha, i-Radiation, kunye neKhemotherapy
Ezi zilandelayo zonyango ezahlukeneyo sele zisetyenzisiwe kule minyaka:
- Iindlela zokuphanda - Iimpawu eziphambili - ukususwa kwesifuba, isifuba seesifuba kunye ne-sarmy nodes - zenziwa ngamanye amaxesha ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Ekupheleni kwee-1940 zazisa i- mastectomy eguquguqukayo , eyenza izihlunu zithinte. Ngama-1970, ukhetho oluthile oluncinci luye lwasetyenziswa, ligxininise ekukhutsheni i-tumor kunye nesincinci samathambo ajikelezayo-ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa "i- lumpectomy ". Ngowe-1985, i-lumpectomy edibanisene neyeza zonyango yayifumaneka ngokufanelekileyo njengemastectomy ngokwemilinganiselo yokusinda kodwa iholele kwimilinganiselo ephezulu yokuphindaphinda kwendawo.
- I-Radiation - Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, oogqirha baqala ukusebenzisa imisebe ukuze bahlaziye izicubu zomhlaza.
- I-Chemotherapy - Evezwe kuma-1940, i-chemotherapy inokunciphisa ubukhulu be-tumor ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ukuthintela ukuphindaphinda emva koko kwaye uphathe umdlavuza oye waqulunqa , oko kukuthi, usasazeka ngaphaya kwendawo yokuqala. Nangona ivelisa imiphumo emibi, kuquka i-nasusea, ukudinwa kunye nesifo somnyobisi, i-chemotherapy ayinzima kakhulu namhlanje kuneminyaka edlulileyo.
UkuPhulwa kweMithi
Ezi ndlela zilandelayo ziye zasetyenziswa:
- Ama-Modifier Receptor Modifier (SERMs) - ii-SERMs, ezifana ne- Nolvadex (tamoxifen) , ukulwa nomdlavuza ofuna i-estrogen ukuba ikhule ngokunciphisa ubuchule be-estrogen ukungena kwi-cell cell. Abesifazane abasengozini enkulu, i-tamoxifen yafunyanwa ukunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kunye nokuphuhliswa komdlavuza webele we-invasive ngo-50% xa kuthathwa iminyaka engama-5. I-Tamoxifen ibangela umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza wesibeleko esingafayo; , nangona kunjalo, ncinane kakhulu. I-Evista (raloxifene) , efanayo, nangona kunjalo isicatshulwa esingaphantsi kwesicatshulwa, ayizange ifumaneke ukuba ibe neengxaki zomhlaza wesifo somhlaza. Akunakucingwa ukuba ithathe indawo ye-tamoxifen kwaye yenzelwe kuphela abo abanomdlavuza webele we-estrogen.
- I-Aromatase Inhibitors - Kubafazi besithuba se-menopausal, i- aromatase inhibitors -iklasi lemithi equka i- Arimidex (i-anastrozole) , i- Aromasin (i-exemestane) ne- Femara (i-letrozole) - isebenza ngokunciphisa i-estrogen ekhoyo kumaseli omhlaza kwaye ifumaneke ukuba iyasebenza ngaphezu kwe-tamoxifen kubasetyhini abasemva kwe-postmenopausal kwaye abanomdlavuza webele we-estrogen.
- I- Herceptin (i-trastuzumab) yonyango ejoliswe kuyo ngokuthe ngqo kwimizimba ethile yomhlaza wesifuba enomdla kakhulu weprojekthi yeHER2 / neu. Itshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza, kodwa iincinci ezincinci. I-Herceptin idibene ne-chemotherapy yanciphisa ukuphindaphinda kwe- HER2 / neu-positive umdlavuza webele ngamashumi ama-50%.
Uthintelo kunye noVavanyo lweGenesis
Namhlanje, siyazi ukuba ukutya okunempilo , ukuzivocavoca rhoqo , ukunyusa umzimba kunye nokuphepha utywala kunokunceda bonke abasetyhini banciphise umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza webele.
Kwabafazi abathile, ukhetho lokuphila aluvumelekanga. Ngasekupheleni kwee-1990, inzululwazi iqinisekisile ukuba iinguqu ezithile (utshintsho) lweengqikithi ze- BRCA1 ne- BRCA2 zibangela ukunyuka kwama-80% engozini yomhlaza wesifuba. Abanye abasetyhini abafumanisa ukuba basengozini enkulu bayithatha isinyathelo esinqabileyo sokususa amabele abo - ngamanye amaxesha amaqanda abo, nawo-ekuhambeni ukukhusela eso sifo.
Iingcali ziyavuma ukuba i- genetics ngumda olandelayo. Izicwangciso zexesha elizayo zingabandakanya ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukulungiselela unyango lomntu ngokwahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokulungisa okanye ukubuyisela izakhi zofuzo eziyingozi ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza webele. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi olusasazekayo lwezokwelapha lunokushiya nabasetyhini bexhalabile njengoko bejamelana nezigqibo zonyango.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba awunabo. Namhlanje, abasindileyo beengxaki zomhlaza wesibeleko banamandla amakhulu kuluntu lwethu, ngenxa yokunyuka kwamanani kunye nokubonakala kwabo kwiziganeko ezifana neSizwe soMbutho weSizwe we-Susan G. Komen Foundation. Ukongezelela, amaqela enkxaso yomdlavuza webele , uluntu oluxhomekeke kwi-intanethi kunye nezinye iinkqubela zinikeza i-anchor kubasetyhini abafumene esi sifo.
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