Inkcazo yeendlela zokuPhanda
Xa unesidingo senqubo yokugada-kunye nodokotela ophandle owenzayo-kubalulekile ukuqonda uhlobo logqirha oya kulufuna. Ukwazi uhlobo logqirha olufunayo kubalulekile ekukhetheni umntu onelungelo lomsebenzi. Ukuba ugqirha akwanele ukufumana umntu ukuba enze utyando-kufuneka babe yinto efanelekileyo yokugqirha. Kwaye onke a ogqirha awafani.
Ngubani Omele Ayenze Utyando?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, kukho uhlobo oluthile logqirha omele enze inkqubo yakho. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uphule umlenze wakho, udinga ugqirha wamazinyo ogqirha kwizinto zethambo.
Nangona ngokuqhelekileyo kucacisa ukuba luphi uhlobo logqirha olufunekayo, kukho indawo apho uphando lwabagqirha luya khona. Umzekelo omhle waloo uphando olusipilini, olunokuthi lwenziwe ngama-neurosurgeons kunye nama-orthopedic surgeons .
I-neurosurgeon inokuba yinto efanelekileyo yokuhlinzwa kwi-spine ngokwayo, ngelixa ugqirha wamazinyo angayilungele ngakumbi imiba ngamathambo omgudu.
Ngokubanzi, ufuna udokotela ogqirha ophethe iziphumo eziphambili zokwenza inkqubo oyifunayo. Ogqirha unokuba ngu-DO okanye i-MD, intsha okanye indala, inkunzi okanye isetyhini. Ba nokuba neendlela zokufudumala okanye zibe ngabahlobo abangaphantsi. Kodwa yintoni ebaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi ukwenza inkqubo yakho ngokugqwesa.
Ngubani Ongafanele Ayenze Utyando Lwenu
EUnited States, ugqirha unobuncinane ubuncinane kweminyaka emihlanu yoqeqesho lokuhlala.
Kwaye abanye oogqirha abazodwa kunye ne-subspecialty baneminyaka emininzi yokuqeqeshwa ngaphambi kokuzimela ngokuzimela. Akwanele ukuba ugqirha, umntu owenza inkqubo yakho kufuneka aqeqeshe njengogqirha kunye nokuqeqesha okhethekileyo.
Uhlobo olufanelekileyo logqirha luya kuba:
- IBhodi eqinisekisiweyo kwi-specialty yakho yokuhlinzwa ifuna.
- Ukwenza inkqubo oyifunayo rhoqo okanye rhoqo.
- Yiba nembali yeziphumo ezibalaseleyo ezenza inkqubo oyidingayo.
- Ukukhululeka kweempahla ezigqithisileyo eziphambene nezigulane.
- Ukuma kakuhle neBhodi yeMithi.
- Ukwenza utyando kwisibhedlele okanye kwindawo yokuhlinzwa eyenza unonophelo olungcono.
Uqeqesho lwabagqirha
Abagqirha balandela indlela ehamba phambili yokusebenza e-United States. Ininzi iqalisa imisebenzi yabo ngokuya esikolweni sezokwelapha esilandelwayo ngokuhlala kwindawo yokuhlinzwa eyenza iminyaka emihlanu. Ezinye iindlela, ezifana ne-Obstetrics / Gynecology, zihluke kakhulu. Ukuhlala kwindawo yokuhlala kwindawo yokuhlala kwindawo yokuhlala kwindawo yokuhlala.
Emva kokuhlala kwabo, ugqirha unogqirha unokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo njengogqirha jikelele.
Abagqirha-oogqirha abenza utyando-banokuqeqesha kwelinye leendawo ezininzi zeengcali kwaye baqhubeke nokuqhubela phambili i-subspecialty emva koqeqesho lwabo lokuqala. Ngokomzekelo, ugqirha ungagqiba ukuhlala ngokubanzi kwaye ugqibe ukugqiba imfundo eyongezelelweyo kwi-cardio-thoracic (intliziyo / imiphunga). Emva koko, banokuqhubela phambili ukuphinda baqhubele enye i-subspecialty, njengentliziyo yokutyanda intliziyo.
Ngaphezu koko, oogqirha banokwenziwa ngokukhethekileyo kwizodwa zabo ezikhethiweyo. Abagqirha bezinhliziyo bangagxininisa ekwenzeni intliziyo ngokugqithiseleyo , ukulungiswa kwintliziyo ye-valves , okanye enye intliziyo yokuhlinzwa okanye banokwenza iintlobo ezininzi zokuhlinzwa kwentliziyo. Ngokomzekelo, ugqirha osebenza njengogqirha oqhelekileyo angakhetha ukwenza i-appendectomi xa kunokwenzeka. Ngoko ke, ngokwenza ezininzi izilwanyana, ugqirha unyulile ukuba ulungelelaniswe kwisiqhelo somsebenzi kodwa unako ukukwazi nokuqeqeshwa ukwenza ezinye izinto ezininzi zokuhlinzwa.
Anesthesiology
Nangona i-anesthesiologists ingaboni oogqirha, olu khetho lusebenza ngokubambisana nabagqirha, okwenza ukuba utyando lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuba isigulane sinomuva. Oogqirha be- Anesthesia , abahlala bebambisana kunye nabahlengikazi abaqeqeshiwe kwi-anesthesia (i-CRNA), banikezele nge-sedation ngexesha lokunyangwa okanye baphathe abanye abenzayo. Banikezela nokuthintela intlungu, njengengqungquthela ngaphambi kokubeletha. Ezinye i-anesthhesiologists zize zenze ngaphandle kwegumbi lokusebenza, zinika ukuphathwa kweentlungu kwizigulana ezifuna ukukhululeka kwintlungu engapheliyo kunye neempawu ezihambelanayo.
Bariatric Surgery
Abagqirha beBariatric yibo baqeshwe ngokunyanga kokunyanya ukugqithwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oogqirha be-bariatric baye baqhubela imfundo eyongezelelweyo emva kokuhlala ngokuqhekeza ngokubanzi ukulungiselela indawo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba kukho ezininzi iintlobo zokulahlekelwa kwindleko
I-Cardiac neCardiothoracic Surgery
Utyando lwe-cardiac yinto ekhethekileyo yokuphathwa kweengxaki zentliziyo kunye neenkqubo zokutyanda.
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Ukunyangwa kweCataract: Iingozi kunye neengxaki zeCataract Removal
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Ukuguqulwa Kwesifo Sokwabiwa Kwesini: Owaziwa Ngaphambili Njengoko Utshintsho Lwezesondo
Oogqirha bezilwanyana zonyango bangenza utyando kwiintsana kunye neintsana ukulungisa imiba eyayikhoyo ekuzalweni. Imiba yabantu abadala imele iqulethe ukulungiswa kunye nokubeka endaweni iigraves zentliziyo (eziye zagula ngenxa yobudala) kwaye zonyango isifo se-coronary disease. Olu khetho luvame ukudibaniswa nokunyanga kwemiphunga, ekubhekiselwe kuyo njengophando lwe-cardiothoracic-ukhethelo lokuphatha imiba engaphakathi kwesifuba.
I-Colon kunye noBuqhwala obuPhezulu
Olu luhlobo olukhethekileyo lokuphatha imiba emathunjini amancinci amakhulu, i-rectum kunye ne-anus kunye nokuhlinzwa.
U kuPhengela
Ukuhlinzwa ngokubanzi kukukhethela ukuphathwa kweengxaki zomzimba zesisu, ezifana ne- hernias kunye ne-appendicitis, kunye nokuhlinzwa. Uninzi lwagqirha ludlulela kwinkqubo yokuhlala yokuhlinzwa kwaye lukhetha ukwenza utyando jikelele okanye uqhubele phambili kwindawo ekhethekileyo.
Ukugqithwa kweGynecology kunye ne-Obstetrics
Olu khetho, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-OB / GYN, lunikela ngononophelo lwentlalo, lugxotha imiba kwinkqubo yesetyhini yokuzala kunye nangaphandle kokuhlinzwa, linika ulawulo lokuzalwa, kwaye lunika inkxaso ngoncedo ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokubeletha-olunokubandakanya icandelo lesigxina.
Gynecologic Oncology
Olu lukhetho oluvuthwayo lokunyanga umdlavuza wokuzala kubasetyhini. Kukho ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-OB / GYN kunye ne-oncology ye-gynecology. Ngokomzekelo, zombini izakhono ziyaqeqeshwa ukwenza inkqubo ye-hysterectomy. Kodwa i-oncologist ye-gynecologist inekhethekileyo ekusebenzeni ukuhlinzwa njengonyango ngokukodwa ngomhlaza kunokuba yintoni enye imeko.
Ukunyuka kwe-Maxillofacial
Utyando lwe-Maxillofacial uyingcali yokwelapha imiba yomlomo, umhlathi, intamo, kunye namathambo ebuso ngokuhlinzwa. Le miba ingaba khona ekuzalweni okanye inokubangelwa yintlungu okanye izifo.
Neurosurgery
Le yinto ekhethekileyo yokunyanga inkqubo yesistim ephakathi , kuquka ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomgudu , kunye nokuhlinzwa. Olu hlobo lotyando lunokubandakanya ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo, utyando ukulungisa intlungu emva, unyango lomdlavuza kwinkqubo yeentlanzi, kunye neminye imiqathango yengqondo.
Oncology
I-Oncology yixesha eliqhelekileyo lezodwa ezizisebenzisa ukuhlinzwa ukunyanga i-cancer kumzimba wonke. Noko ke, iindawo ezizodwa zifumana unyango njengomhlaza njengengxenye yazo. Ngokomzekelo, i-otolaryngology ingayiphatha umdlavuza womlomo kunye nabagqirha bamazinyo bangadlala indima ekuphatheni umhlaza wesifo. Ngelixa bengenakusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-oncology, bayakwazi ukwenza oko ngoqeqesho lwabo.
Ophthalmology
Le yinto ekhethekileyo yokuphatha imeko yeziliso kunye nokuhlinzwa. Ezi meko zinokuba zivela ekuzalweni, ezinxulumene nengozi okanye ingozi, okanye ukukhula kunye nobudala.
Ukuguqulwa komlomo
Olu khetho luyakhathaza imiba yamazinyo kunye nokuhlinzwa, njengokususwa kwezinyo zobulumko kunye neengcambu zengcambu.
Ugqirha lwe-Orthopedic
Ugqirha usetyenziselwa kule ndawo ekhethekileyo ukuphatha imiba ngamathambo, amajoyina, iigaments, kunye neetonon kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala.
I-Otolaryngology (Indlebe, i-Nose, kunye neNtshontsho)
Le yinto ekhethekileyo yokusebenzisa utyando ukuphatha imiba yeendlebe, impumlo, nomqala (ENT).
Utyando lwezonyango
Olu khetho lokuphatha imicimbi yempilo yabantwana ngokuhlinzwa luvame ukuhlanganiswa nabanye abazodwa, njenge-neurosurgery okanye i-orgpedic surgery. Okuthakazelisayo kukuba abanye abantu abadala baphathwa ngabagqirha bezonyango kwizonyango zezilwanyana ukuba imeko yabo ikhona ngexesha lokuzalwa okanye ebuntwaneni. Abagqirha balandelayo baqeqeshelwa ngokufanelekileyo ukujongana nemicimbi ethile yabantwana:
- Ugqirha wase-Neonatal: Ugxininise ekutyunjweni kwabantwana abatsha nabantwana.
- Udokotela wesigqirha sokubeletha: Indawo entsha yokuzama ukuhlinzwa apho inkqubo yenziwa khona ukulungisa imiba phambi kokuba umntwana azalwe.
Uphulo lwePlastiki / lwezonyango kunye nolwaphuhliso
Oku kubandakanya ukukhetha okubonakalayo ekuphuculeni imbonakalo yezizathu zokuzilungisa okanye ukulungisa iziphoso okanye umonakalo obonakalayo ngakumbi okanye umsebenzi olungcono. Olu khetho luyakwenziwa kwizigulana zezilwanyana, ukwenza ukulungiswa kwimicimbi enjengetanga le-cleft, okanye kubantu abadala, ukubonelela nge-rhinoplasty (umsebenzi wempumlo) okanye ukunyuka kwebele.
Podiatry
Utyando lwezinyawo lunokuthi lwenziwa ngugqirha, njengogqirha wamazinyo, okanye umculi wezilwanyana. Iimpawu zamachiza e-podiatric kunye ne-podiatry ngokuqhelekileyo zibhekisela kumculi-mzimba, ongeyidanga kodwa uqeqeshelwe ukwenza unyawo kunye nokuhlinzwa kwamaqanda.
Ukuguqulwa kweTraacic
Le yinto ekhethekileyo yokunyanga imiba kwisigubungelo sesifuba, ngaphandle kweentliziyo (ukuhlinzwa ngomoya), kunye nokuhlinzwa.
Ukuguqulwa koTywala
Ukutshintshwa kwezixhobo ezingaphumeleli okanye ezigulayo ngamalungu anikeziweyo ekutyunjeni yilo khetho. Kukho ezininzi iintlobo zamagqirha kunye neengcali ezithatha inxaxheba kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokufakelwa. Ngokomzekelo, oogqirha bezonyango abadala kunye nabasemagunyeni abasebenza ngokubanzi basebenza ngamalungu esisisu, kuquka amathumbu, ama-pancreas, izintso kunye nesibindi. Kwaye oogqirha be-cardiothoracic, bobabini abantwana kunye nabadala, basebenze ngentliziyo kunye nemiphunga yemiphunga.
Utyando lwezonyango
Olu lulodwa lonyango lokuphazamiseka kwingozi yeemoto, amanxeba , izibonda , kunye nezinye iintlobo zeempembelelo zentlungu kunye nokuhlinzwa. Iimfuno ezininzi, kuquka abagqirha abaqeqeshwayo, abagqirha bama-vascular, oogqirha abaqhelekileyo, kunye neurosurgeons banokuthatha inxaxheba ekunakekelweni ngengozi.
Urology
I-urology yinto ekhethekileyo yonyango kunye nophando olukhethekileyo lokunyanga imiba kwi-urinary tract. Oku kungabelana nokunyanga iimpawu zesalathisi esingasebenzi ngokweqile ukwenza iinkqubo ezincinci zokungenwa kwamatye eentso. Ezinye i-urologists zenza zombini iinkqubo ezinyango ezincinci, ezifana nokususwa kweprotate ukunyanga umdlavuza.
Ukunyangwa kwamaVascular
Le yinto ekhethekileyo yokuphatha imiba yegazi kunye nokuhlinzwa. Yenzelwe ukunyanga ngeemeko ezinjengeemvini ze-varicose, ukukhupha izitya ezingaphetheli igazi elaneleyo, kunye nokulungisa umonakalo.
> Umthombo:
> I-Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. 2005.