Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okhethekileyo kusetyenziswa ukuxilonga intsholongwane ye-Nile yaseWest. Olu vavanyo lujoliswe ekuboneni intsholongwane ngokwayo okanye ngokukhangela ama- antibodies athile ayenziwe malunga nentsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile.
Uvavanyo oluthile luyenziwa kubantu abagula kakhulu ngesifo sokungatshatyalaliswa kwintsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga kodwa abasenqabile ukuba bayenze kulabo abanesimo esifana nesifo somkhuhlane.
UkuThengwa kweNtsholongwane
Ukuhlolisisa igazi okanye umzimba wamanzi kwiNtsholongwane yeNayile yaseNtshonalanga kufezekiswa ngophando lwe - polymerase chain reaction (PCR) , uvavanyo olungakwazi ukuchonga i-RNA yangempela yentsholongwane.
Olu vavanyo kaninzi aluxhamli ekuhloleni i-Nile yaseNtsholongwane kubantu kuba intsholongwane ikhona kwigazi nje kuphela ixesha elifutshane kakhulu emva kokusulelwa kwintsholongwane, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo iyahamba (okanye kwi-concentration). iimpawu ezincinci zikhula. Ngoko ngeendlela ezinamandla zokusuleleka, ukuvavanya kwe-PCR kaninzi kunzima ngexesha ixesha lokuvavanywa lwenziwa.
Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abahlakulela iimeko ezinzima kakhulu kwi-West Nile fever, intsholongwane inakho kakhulu ukuba ibe segazini xa ixesha lokugula liqhubeka, ngoko uvavanyo lwe-PCR luba luncedo ngakumbi.
Kwakhona, ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR ye- cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) luncedo kubantu abane-Ningestitis e- meningitis okanye i- encephalitis , ngenxa yokuba intsholongwane ihlala ikhona kwi-CSF kula bantu.
U vavanyo lweNtsholongwane
Uvavanyo lwe-ELISA (i-assayorbent e-enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay) iyakwazi ukubona ubukho be-anti-gum antibodies eyenziwa ngumzimba ukulwa nentsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile. Olu vavanyo ludla ngokuphindwe kabini-ngexesha lokugula okukhulu, kwaye kwakhona kwakhona kwisigaba se-convalescent. Ukunyuka nokuwa kwamanqanaba e-anti-IgM amaninzi kubakho ngokwaneleyo ukuseka ukuxilongwa.
Ukuvavanywa kwintsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga kunokuba kubiza, kwaye ukutolika ezi zivivinyana akusoloko kucacile. Ukuvavanywa kwintsholongwane yeNtsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga kudlalwa kuphela xa kubonwa ukuba kubalulekile ukwenza ukuxilongwa ngokuthe ngqo.
Ukuvavanywa kweeLabout rhoqo
Nangona ukuhlolwa kwegazi rhoqo (njengokubalwa kwegazi kunye ne-electrolytes ye-serum) kwenziwa malunga nanoma yimuphi umntu onesifo esibi, ezi mvavanyo azibonakalwanga ngokukodwa kumntu osuleleke kwiNtsholongwane yeNayile eNtshona.
Xa Uvavanyo
Uninzi lwabantu abanentsholongwane yeNtsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga abazange bafumane uvavanyo oluthile lokuhlola-kwaye aluyidingi. Uninzi lwabantu olubonakaliswe ngentsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNtsholongwane ayinayo impawu nantoni na, okanye bahlakulela isifo esifana nesikhuhlane esifana nabo abazinyamekelayo, ngaphandle kokubonisana nabaqeqeshi bezonyango.
Enyanisweni, into efana ne-80 ekhulwini yexesha lokusuleleka kwintsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile ayikho into ecacileyo evela "kwiqhwa lehlobo" sonke sijongana nayo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngenxa yokuba akukho nonyango oluthile lwezilwanyana ezibangelwa zizifo (kubandakanywa nentsholongwane yaseNtshona yeNayile), oogqirha, ngokufanelekileyo, abazenzi uvavanyo olubi kakhulu ukubona ukuba yiyiphi intsholongwane ebangela ukuba "kubanda".
Noko ke, kukho amaninzi amaninzi apho kubalulekile ukuxilongwa.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ezi ziimeko apho:
- Isigulane sigula kakhulu, kwaye kukho umngcipheko wokugula ixesha elide, ukukhubazeka okusisigxina, okanye ukufa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, oogqirha baya kwenza naluphi na ukuvavanya kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukuxilongwa. Uvavanyo oluvuthiweyo lokuxilonga luhlala ludingeka xa i-meningitis okanye i-encephalitis ikhona.
- Ukwenza utyilongo oluthile lunokubangela iindlela ezithile zempilo zentlalo, njengokuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa umlingo okanye i-tick tick, okanye ukuthumela uqwalaselo lwempilo kubantu bonke.
Ezinye izifo ezininzi ezinzulu zibukeka zifana nezifo ezibangelwa yiNtsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga, ngoko kubalulekile ukuchophaza ukuxilongwa njengento enokwenzeka.
Xa wenza isifo esilungileyo, ugqirha kufuneka udibanise (ngaphezu kokuvavanywa kwebhubhoratri), ukuthatha imbali ngokucophelela kwimbali yokuhamba kwangoku nje, kunye nokuvezwa kwimiyane okanye ukukhawulwa kwekhakiti. (Intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile ayiyazi ukuba isasazeka kubantu ukusuka kwiikhiza, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ezinye izifo ezifanayo.)
Izifo ezinzulu ezinokuthi zidibaniswe nosulelo lweNtsholongwane yeNtshonalanga zibandakanya:
- Ezinye iintsholongwane zinokubangela ukuba i-meningitis okanye i-encephalitis, kuquka i- herpes simplex encephalitis, i- varicella-zoster encephalitis, i- Dengue fever , ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yasePowassan , i-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis, i-encephalitis yaseJapan , okanye i-encephalitis ngenxa ye- enterovirus .
- Izifo ezithintela izifo zingabangela izifo ezingenakucatshulwa kwiintsholongwane zaseNtshonalanga, kuquka ne- Rocky Mountain , i- Lyme sifo kunye ne-ehrlichiosis.
- I-meningitis ye-bacterium ene-pneumococcus okanye i-meningococcus ibonakala ngathi nayiphi na enye isifo se-meningitis, kubandakanywa ne-meningitis eyenziwa yiNtsholongwane yeNayile eNtshona.
Uninzi lwaba sulele lufuna unyango ngamayeza athile. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukuba uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo xa umntu enesifo esibi kakhulu (mhlawumbi okanye angenako) siphumelele ngenxa yentsholongwane yaseWest Nile.
> Imithombo:
> Barzon L, Pacenti M, Ulbert S, Palù G. Uphuhliso olutsha kunye Neengxaki Kwi-Diagnosis ye-Human Nile Virus Infection. Iingcali zoKhuselo oluPhezulu lwe-Inr 2015; 13: 327.
> I-Busch MP, iKleinman SH, iTobler LH, kunye no-Al. I-Virus ne-Antibody Dynamics KwiNtsholongwane ye-Virtual Nile Virus Infection. I-Disfect Dis Dis 2008; 198: 984.
> Lindsey NP, Staples JE, Lehman JA, And Al. Ukuqwalaselwa kwezilwanyana ze-Human Nile Virus - i-United States, 1999-2008. I-MMWR Surveill Summ 2010; 59: 1.