Imizwa kunye nokunye
Ngomnyaka we-1878 uPaul Broca, i-French neurologist eyaziwa ngokuba yiBraca's aphasia, waqulunqa igama elithi "le grand lobe lymbique." Igama elithi "limbus" lithetha umgama okanye umgama. UDkt Broca wayebhekiselele kwizakhiwo ezijikeleze ingxenyana yangaphakathi yengqondo, kwinqanaba lombindi wengqondo.
Intsingiselo yegama elithi "umlenze wenkqubo" ishintshile ukususela ngexesha likaBraca.
Kusenjongo yokubandakanya izakhiwo phakathi kwe-cortex kunye ne- hypothalamus kunye ne-brainstem, kodwa iingcali ezahlukeneyo zibandakanya izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo njengenxalenye yesimiso somlenze. I-amygdala kunye ne- hippocampus zibandakanywa ngokubanzi, njengokuba i -cortex ene - olfactory. Ukusuka apho, nangona kunjalo, iimbono ziyahlukana ngokubhekisele kwizinto ezibhekwa njengenxalenye yesimilly system, kwaye yiyiphi into enqamlekileyo, esithetha isakhiwo esisebenzisana ngokusondeleyo kunye nenkqubo yesigxina kodwa kungeyona inxalenye yalo.
Inkqubo yesigxina isebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezinokwenziwa kwengqondo kunye nemvakalelo. I-hippocampi, elele ngaphakathi komda we-lobes wexesha, ibalulekile ekubunjweni kwememori. I-amygdalae ihleli phezulu kwinxalenye yangaphambili ye-hippocampus nganye. I-amygdala nganye ibonwa ukuba ibalulekile ekusebenziseni imvakalelo. I-amygdala ixubana ngokusondeleyo ne-hippocampus, encedisa isizathu sokuba sikhumbule izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokomzwelo.
I-amygdala idibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kunye ne-hypothalamus, indawo yengqondo ejongene nokulawula ukushisa, ukutya, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo ebomini. I-hypothalamus ngokwayo ngamanye amaxesha, kodwa kungekho rhoqo, ifakwe njengenxalenye yesimilly system. Ngokusebenzisa i-hypothalamus, kunye nezinye iindawo eziphambili kwi-brainstem, inkqubo yesigxina ixubana nenkqubo yethu ye- nervous system (elawula izinto ezifana nentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi), inkqubo ye-endocrine, kunye ne-viscera (okanye "gutya").
Iiseli zamagulane kwingqondo zihlelwe ngeefashoni ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwindawo. I-cortex ye-cerebral ininzi i-neocortical, oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zikhona kwiingqimba ezi-6. Oku kwahluke kwinkqubo yesigxina, apho iiseli zihlelwe ngamacandelo ambalwa (umz. Paleocorticoid), okanye i-corticoid ngaphezulu. Umbutho ongeyinkimbinkimbi yenkqubo ye-limbic, kunye nokulawulwa kwenkqubo yezinto ezinzulu zobomi, kuye kwabangela ukuba oogqirha bakholwe ukuba isakhiwo sesigqirha sisekudala kune-cortex ye-cerebral.
Iimpawu eziqingqiweyo zenza intanethi yinkqubo enobungozi kunye nenkqubo yesigxina. Imizekelo yamanyathelo ahlukeneyo afaka i-cingulate gyrus, i-corbit, i-cortex, i-pole, kunye nenxalenye ye-insula. I-basal forebrain, i-nucleus accumbens, imizimba yamathambo kunye neengxenye ze-thalamus (i-nuclei yangaphambili kunye ne-mediodoral nuclei) zihlala zixutywa ngezakhiwo ezinqamlekileyo ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwabo kunye ne-limbic system.
Ngalunye lwalezi zakhiwo eziqingqiweyo zidibaniswe nemvakalelo okanye iinkqubo ezisisiseko zokuqonda. Umzekelo we-cingulate gyrus, umzekelo, uye wabanjiswa ekukhuthazeni nasekuqhubeni. I-insula ixhunyiwe kunye nokukwazi kwethu ukuqonda iimvakalelo zethu zangaphakathi (okanye "ukugaya imizwa").
I- corbit , i-nucleus accumbens, kunye ne-basal forebrain ibandakanyeka ngeentlungu zokuzonwabisa okanye umvuzo. Imizimba yamathambo kunye nezinye i-nuclei ye-thalam ibalulekile ekubunjweni kwezikhumbuzo ezintsha.
Zonke ezi ndlela zixhunyiwe ngokuthe ngqo. I-amygdala, umz., Uxhaphaza kwi-orbitofrontal pathway ngokusebenzisa umqulu omhlophe obizwa ngokuthi i-uncinate fasciculus, njengokuba i-insula. I-amygdala idibanisa kwiindawo ze hypothalamus kwaye ixhomekeke kwi-stria terminalis, kunye ne-brainstem kunye nezinye izakhiwo ngokusebenzisa i-ventral amygdalofugal endleleni.
I-hippocampus ixubusha ngokubanzi ngendlela enkulu emhlophe ebizwa ngokuba yi-fornix, ejikeleza i-ventricles yengqondo kwimimandla yamathambo, ukuthumela amagatsha kwimimandla yamathambo, i-thalamus, kwaye ilandele indlela.
Inkqubo yesilwanyana yinqanaba lezakhiwo, kwaye isebenza imisebenzi eyahlukileyo. Le mi sebenzi ibaluleke kakhulu indlela esicinga ngayo, ukuziva, nokuphendula kwihlabathi elisijikelezayo.
Imithombo:
I-Blumenfeld H, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa iiKliniki zeeKliniki. I-Sunderland: Abapapashi be-Sinauer Associates 2002.
I-Ropper AH, i-Samuels MA. I-Adams kunye neMigaqo yeVictor ye-Neurology, 9th: I-McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.