Iimpawu, unyango kunye nokuchonga
Masikukhuphe ngaphandle kwendlela: Loo mvu obomvu mhlawumbi awunayo isilonda somlenze. Izibizo, yintsholongwane yesikhumba. Izifo eziqhelekileyo ezikhuselweyo kubhaktheriya ziyi- staphylococcus aureus okanye i- streptococcus . Zomibini zenza iibomvu ezibomvu ezitshisa, zithukuthele, zaza zaza zaza zanda.
Ukuba kuyiluma yesicabangulu kwaye unayo e-United States, akunakwenzeka ukuba uya kufa kuyo.
Kuzo zonke izigulane eMntla Melika, zimbini kuphela ezibalulekileyo zonyango (ezinokwenza ukuba ugula): umhlolokazi omnyama kunye nokugqithisa okumnyama .
Ubuninzi besikhumba kunye nezilonda ziyafumaneka kwiSebe eliphuthumayo njengoko isicangci sivuma, kodwa into yokuba ininzi ayikho. Iibilisa zesikhumba kwiintsholongwane zihlala ziphosakele ngenxa yokugquma kwesibunqunu e-United States, kwanoogqirha.
Olunye uphando lweziganeko zokugqabhuka kwezibhengezo zemikhosi-ubuncinci ukuba iziphathamandla ezicinga ukuba zibethelwa-zaba yi- MRSA . Esona sizathu sokuba sibe neengxaki zokuxilongwa kwesilwanyana sesigqirha kwisebe lexakeka. Ukuba awuzange ubone ingqungquthela ikulume, ke ithuba lokuba ingqungquthela yangempela isilwanyana esilungileyo. Kukunzima ukufumanisa ingqungqutha yokuluma nje ngendlela ibukeka ngayo .
Iimpawu zoMhlolokazi oMnyama oMnyama
EUnited States, izigulane zabafelokazi abamnyama zibhekwa njengezona zibuhlungu kakhulu. Bane-toxin abanakho ukuphendula kwendlela yokusebenza echaphazela umsila kunye nomsebenzi wamasipha.
Izibonakaliso zesifo somlenze wesibhakabhaka omnyama singasetyenziselwa ukuxilonga ezi zilingo kwaye zibandakanya:
- Amanqaku angama "Fang" (amathanga amancinci amancinci): iimpawu ezixeliweyo ezibonakalayo kuphela emva kokuluma, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuvuvukala okanye ubomvu.
- Ukuxela
- IChills
- Intloko
- Utywala
- Imisipha yamathambo (imilenze, isisu, njl.)
- Ukukhawuleza
- Ukudinwa
Amanye amazwe anesicangci somhlolokazi esibizwa ngokuba ngumsila wesibindi. Ingcinga efanelekileyo yokuqwalasela nayiphi na isicangci esibomvu esibomvu esinobomvu obomvu ukuba sibe kwintsapho yabahlolokazi. Olunye uhlobo lwesigqirha somhlolokazi, umhlolokazi omdaka, ngokuqhelekileyo unobuthi obuthakathaka kwaye unokufumaneka kwihlabathi lonke.
Izibonakaliso zeBrown zokuhlaziya izibilini
Nangona amanxeba awonakalisayo athatyathwa ngokugqithisa obumdaka, awona maninzi amathuba okubangela ukulimala okukhulu kunokuba abahlolokazi abamnyama. Izifo zonyango zingabangela iibilisi, eziqhelekanga ezingabonakaliyo njenge-brown splu bite (ukhangele i- spider bite pictures ukukunceda uxelele umehluko).
Kulula ukufumana ukuba i-bite ayifuni kwi-recluse kunokuba yintoni. Esinye isixhobo sokulawula ukugqithisa okumnyama kukusebenzisa i-mnemonic QAPHELA. Lo mnemonic unceda ukubonisa izinto ezingekho kwibala elimnyama.
- Uninzi : Ukuba zikhona izilonda ezingaphezu kweyodwa okanye ezimbini, aziveli kwi-brown back. UBrown uhlambalaza afika kuwo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha amabini.
- Isiganeko : Indlela ehamba ngayo i-brown brown iqhuma ikhona ngokuphazamisa isigcawu. Uninzi lwexesha lifihlekile kwikheromethi okanye kwi-attic, mhlawumbi kwiibhokisi. Ngamanye amaxesha, isicabangca singayifumana indlela yaso ebhedeni kwaye siyilume isigulane ebuthongweni bakhe. Ukuba oko kwenzeka ngexesha lokulima, mhlawumbi akulona umbala omnyama wokuluma.
- Isikhathi : Ukuba i-bite ayibonanga ukususela ngo-Epreli ukuya ku-Oktobha, akunakwenzeka ukuba i-brown recluse bite.
- Iziko elibomvu : I-Brown iyakhwela ukukhala iphantse ingabomvu kwaye ichaneke phakathi kwesikhumba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zibala, ziluhlaza okomvu, okanye zibomvu. Ziyakubomvu ngeenxa zonke, kodwa ukuba zibomvu phakathi, mhlawumbi alukho umbala obomvu.
- Isifo esingapheliyo : Ukuba kuthatha ixesha elide ngaphezu kweeveki ezintathu ukuba zilumke ezincinci okanye iinyanga ezintathu zokuluma okukhulu, ngamathuba angama-95 ekhulwini ukuba akulona i-brown backsse bite. Ukuba ugqirha wakho usakutshela ukuba yile ngxaki, ixesha lokuba elinye uluvo.
- Eyona mikhulu: Izilonda ezinkulu ezihambayo (izicubu ezifa) zibhalwe zibe ziincinci kune-10 cm ububanzi (ezine intshi). Bangabomvu kwaye badumale kakuhle kuloo ndawo, kodwa i-necrosis ayiyi kuba nkulu.
- Iintsholongwane ezisekuqaleni : Kwabantu abangenabo unyango, oku kunokuba nzima ukukhumbula. UBrown uhamba ngokukhawuleza kuthatha ubuncinane ngeveki ukuya kwisilonda (uphula isikhumba kunye nokugqithisa ngaphezulu). Ukuba i-crusty phambi kweentsuku ezisixhenxe, mhlawumbi ayilona i-brown recluse bite.
- Ukuqhaqhazela : I-Brown ihamba ngokukhawuleza idibene okanye igxilwe phakathi, ayiyi kuvutha. Ukuba ithe yavuvukala (ingakumbi ukuba ibomvu), akusiyo i-brown. Ukungaxhomeki kulo mgaqo kubetha ebusweni, ingakumbi iinkophe. Ezi zikhula kakhulu.
- Ubumanzi obumanzi : Ubuninzi obuqhekezayo u- Brown buwomile, abuyomanzi. Ukuba ithe yaqhuma kuyo, isifo sisifo sesigqabi.
I-Brown idlula izigulane itholakala kuphela kwi-Southeast United States kwaye kunzima ukuyichonga , kwanobuchwephesha abaqeqeshiweyo. Kukho ezinye iintlobo zeentlobo ze-spider eziqhelekileyo ezifanayo kodwa ezingaphantsi kokufundiswa kunokugqithisa okumnyama. I-Brown idlula izibungulu zivame ukuchazwa njengempawu ebhalwe nge-violin emva kwemigangatho yazo, kodwa loo mqondiso ingahambelani kwaye iphosakele.
Ezinye izigulane
Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-37,500 zeengqungquthela emhlabeni. Phantse zonke izigulane zinendawo. Yiloo ndlela abazingela ngayo. Uninzi lweentsholongwane luncinci, okanye ubunzima babo bubuthathaka, kuba yingozi kubantu. Ezinye izicabucabu ziyaziwa kakuhle kwaye zibonakala zifunyaniswa ukuba zininzi zezigulane zikhawuleza ngaphandle, nangona kungekho bungqina bokuxhasa ukuba ezi zilonda zivela kwiingcambu.
Nazi ezinye izigulane zaseNyakatho Melika ezifumana ipilisi embi ngaphandle kobu bungqina obuninzi bokuxhasa izivakalisi zabo:
- I-Hobo Spiders (i-Tegenaria agrestis ) : La madoda aqaliswa kuMntla-ntshona eMelika evela eYurophu ngawo-1980. Ukususela ngoko, baye batyholwa ngenxa yeziganeko ze-arachnidism zonyango, ingxaki yezokwelapha ngenxa yokufa kwesisu nge-envenomation ye-spider. Uphando olupapashwe kwi- Journal of Medical Entomology ngo-2011 alufumananga naluphi uphuhliso lwezokwelapha kwi-hobo spider envenomation.
- I-Wolf Spiders (Lycosidae) : Ekuqaleni e-Australia, iingcambu zeengcuka zidlalwa ukuba ziyingozi kakhulu. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuboniswa kweengxaki ze-spider ezihlabayo ezinqamlekileyo e-United States zichaze into ebalulekileyo. Ukufundwa kwee-45 ezicacileyo zezilwanyana ezinqamlekileyo zaseAustralia kubonisa ukuba "zibangele imiphumo emincinci, ingabi nzima kunezinye ezininzi izigulane." Izigulane ze-Wolf azizange zenze i-necrosis njenge-brown back and most of the damage was mechanical, not from venom.
Ezinye iindawo zehlabathi zinemithombo enobungozi kakhulu kune-United States. U-Australia unomqolo wesibhakabhaka obomvu (ofanayo nomhlolokazi omnyama), izigulane zomsila ezimhlophe, kunye neziqholo ze-web-spliners ezibulalayo.
Ukuchonga ukuba i-bite isuka kwisicabangcu ingenakwenzeka. Izifundo zokugqithisa ezimnyama zibonisa ukuba izigulane zifuna unyango ngaphezu kweentsuku ezintathu emva kokubetha kwazo, okwenza kube nzima ukuba kuchonge umgwebi. Ukubetha komhlolokazi omnyama kudla ngokubonakalayo kuphela ngeempawu zesifo sayo, ngaphandle kokuluma kwendawo ebonakalayo.
Impendulo yasendaweni yokubetha kuzo zonke iintlobo zeebhugi ezinobuthi zibukeka zifana: ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, ukubetha, kunye nentlungu. Yiba nexhala xa impendulo yendawo iqhubeka iqhubeka ngakumbi ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-24. Khangela ubomvu obusasazeka kude nokuluma, ukucinywa kwamanzi, ukunyuka kwintlungu, ukugubungela / ukugubungela, okanye ukuguqulwa kwebhola ekhangeleka njenge-halo okanye i-bullseye.
Kufuneka ugqirha ugqirha ukuba awukho mva kwi- tetanus yokugonywa .
Indlela yokuPhatha iSicider Bite
Unokuphatha yonke into ehlabayo enye ngaphandle kokuba i-brown incluse okanye umhlolokazi omnyama uyaluma. Shayela ugqirha okanye uye kwisebe lexakeka ukuba iimpawu ziqhubeka zingaphezu kweeyure ezingama-24 okanye ziba zibi, okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba ngumnxeba omnyama okanye umhlolokazi omnyama. Amanye amanqaku apha kwi-intanethi akutshilo ukuba uphathe izibilini ezinobungozi obuhlukeneyo kunokuba ungabonakali, kodwa njengoko uza kubona, akukho nto enjengomlenze wesigqabi ongeyingozi.
Ukuba uya kugqirha ukuba uphendule, ungaqali ngokumxelela ukuba isilwane sikhate-nokuba ucinga ukuba yintoni. Oogqirha ngabantu, nabo, kwaye banokubakho amandla okusikisela njengathi sonke. Kunoko, xelela ugqirha, "Ndiyolu hlobo (bump, ubilise, indawo ebomvu, indawo emnyama, njl) kwaye ndandicinga ukuba ungandichazela ukuba yintoni kwaye ndiyakwenzela ntoni."
Kukho amaninzi amachiza asekhaya ekunakekeleni iinambuzane kunye nezilwanyana zesicabungulu, kodwa ngaba zinceda? Uninzi lwazo aluboniswanga ukubonelela nayiphi na inzuzo yangempela. I-tenderizer yezilwanyana (i-papain) iye yabandakanyeka kwi-allergies kunye nokuphendula kwe-asthma kwiprotheni yayo. Iziringano eziphumelelayo ezithengiswayo ukuze zikhishwe i-toxin azisebenzi kwaye ziyinkcitho epheleleyo yemali.
Ukuphendulwa Kwempawu Eziya kwiiNgqayi
I-Anaphylaxis isoloko ixhalabisa kakhulu nayiphi na uhlobo lwe-bug bite. Ukuba ixhoba libonakalisa nayiphi na impawu ye-reactor reaction okanye i-anaphylaxis kungekudala emva kwe-bug bite, shayela u-911 . Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:
Funa unyango lwempilo xa iimpawu zivela kwiindawo zomzimba kude nokuluma.
> Imithombo:
> Gaver-Wainwright MM, i-Zack RS, i-Foradori MJ, iLavine LC. Ukungahambi kakuhle kweentlobo zesicabungqungquthela: ukuxhamla kwebhakteria, ukudluliswa kwe-pathogen, kunye ne-hemolytic ye-venom ephuma kwi-hobo spider, i-Tegenaria agrestis (Araneae: i-Agelenidae). J Med Entomol . 2011 uMar; 48 (2): 382-8.
> Ummangaleli uGK, uFramenau VW. Izilwanyana ze-spider ze-Australian (Lycosidae): iziphumo zonyango kunye nempembelelo yezilwanyana kwiimeko zokuluma. J Toxicol Clinic Toxicol . 2004; 42 (2): 153-61.
> Livshits, Z., Bernstein, B., Sorkin, L., Smith, S., & Hoffman, R. (2012). I-Wolf Spider Envenomation. Wilderness & Medicine Environmental , 23 (1), 49-50. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.wem.2011.11.010
> IPagac BB, uRisiland RW, uBolesh DT, uSwanson DL. Izilonda zesikhumba ezinqabini: qwalasela ukusuleleka kwe-staphylococcus aureus ekuthiwa yi-methicillin. Mil Med . 2006 Sep; 171 (9): 830-2.
> Payne, K., Schilli, K., Meier, K., Rader, R., Dyer, J., & Mold, J. et al. (2014). Ubuhlungu obugqithiseleyo obuvela kwiBrown Ukuqhaqha ama-Spider Bites. I-JAMA Dermatology , i- 150 (11), i-1205. ityala: 10.1001 / jamadermatol.2014.605
> Robinson, J., Kennedy, V., Doss, Y., Bastarache, L., Denny, J., & Warner, J. (2017). Ukuchaza i-phenotype eyinkimbinkimbi ye-loxoscelism enesistim esebenzayo usebenzisa i-rekhoda enkulu yempilo yekhompyutha. I-PLOS ONE , 12 (4), e0174941. i-doi: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pone.0174941
> Stoecker, W., Vetter, R., & Dyer, J. (2017). AWUKHUMBULI-I-Mnemonic Device yokuKhusela ukuThengiswa kobuxoki beBrown Recluse Spider Bites. JAMA Dermatology . i-doi: 10.1001 / jamadermatol.2016.5665