I-Cancer yolwimi yenza iipesenti ezi-2 zazo zonke i-cancer, kodwa iziganeko zihluka kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. I-Cancer yolwimi iqhubela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumadoda kunabesifazane kwaye ayinqabile phantsi kweminyaka engama-40.
I-Cancer yolwimi ngokubanzi iwela kwiindidi ezimbini okanye iintlobo zomhlaza; Umhlaza womlomo okanye u-oropharyngeal. Kukho iinxalenye ezimbini zolwimi.
Uninzi lwalo luyinxalenye oqhelekileyo kwaye uyakwazi ukuhamba ngokuzithandela. Ukuba umhlaza uvela kule nxalenye yolwimi, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa ngumhlaza womlomo .
Ngesinye isikhathi isahlulo sesithathu seelwimi sibizwa ngokuba sisiseko seelwimi. Sondelene kakhulu nomqala wakho (pharynx). Ukuba umhlaza uvela kule nxalenye yolwimi, udla ngokuba ngumhlaza wesi-oropharyngeal. Le nxalenye yolwimi lwakho oluxhomekeke ngokukodwa kwezinye izicubu kwaye ngoko ayikwazi ukufuduka ngokuzithandela. Kananjalo awukwazi ukubona isiseko seelwimi lwakho.
Njengezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, umdlavuza wolwimi uphinde uhlelwe luhlobo lweethambo ezivela kuyo. Iiselingi ze-Squamous, umzekelo, zide, ziqhekeza, iiseli ezingenangqondo ezigubungela ubume beelwimi. I-Cancer evela kwi-squamous cell tissue ibizwa ngokuba yi- squamous cell carcinoma . Uninzi lomdlavuza wolwimi luyi-squamous cell carcinoma, nangona kukho ezinye, ezingaqhelekanga, uhlobo lomhlaza womhlaza; zibizwa ngokuba zilandela izicubu okanye isakhiwo esivela kuyo.
Izizathu
I-Cancer iyenzeka xa ezinye iiseli zakho ziqala ukukhula ngokungavamile kwaye zikhawuleza kakhulu. Zininzi izinto ezinokubangela okanye ukwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza . Izinto eziyaziwayo ukwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesizwe ziquka:
- Ukusetyenziswa kotywala
- Utywala basebenzisa
- Ukufuna i-betel quid kunye ne-gutka
- Usulelo lwe-papillomavirus (HPV)
- Ngokwesini
- Ubudala
- Iintlobo ezithile zezofuzo ze-anemia
- Iimeko ezibizwa ngokuba yi- graft againstus host of disease , eyenzeka kwezinye izigulane ezithintela i-stem cell transplants
Iimpawu
Iimpawu zomhlaza wesiLwimi zingaquka:
- Unzima ukugwinya okanye ukuthetha
- Uvakalelwa kukuba kukho into emqaleni wakho (inkunzi okanye ubunzima)
- Umqala obuhkungu
- Iilwimi ezibomvu okanye ezibomvu ngolwimi lwakho
- Uvakalelo lwentlungu emlonyeni wakho
- Ukuphuma kwintsholongwane engabonakaliyo kulwimi lwakho
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu zesifo somhlaza zingaphinda zibandakanye intlungu .
Nini ukubiza uDokotela wakho
Ufanele ubizele ugqirha wakho nanini na unayo impawu zomhlaza womhlaza. Qinisekisa ukuba u tyelele udokotela wamazinyo kwiinyanga ezintandathu njengoko ugqirha wamazinyo enoba ngumntu onokubona ukuba yiyiphi into engafanelekanga emlonyeni wakho nangelwimi lwakho.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuba unempawu zomhlaza womhlaza ongahambi, jonga ugqirha wakho. Ukuba ugqirha wakho uphonsela umdlavuza wolwimi, unokuyalela umvavanyo omnye okanye ngaphezulu ukuwufumanisa. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha basebenzisa ityhubhu encinci, encinci kunye nekhamera kuyo (ebizwa ngokuba yi- laryngoscope ye-fiberoptic ) ukuze ibone emva emlonyeni ize ihlole i- lymph nodes kule ndawo. Iimpawu ze-tissue biopsies ziyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kunye nohlobo lomhlaza wesibeleko (umzekelo, iselfamous cell).
Unyango
Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokuphatha umhlaza wesiLwimi, kwaye zingasetyenziselwa zodwa okanye zidibeneyo. Abantu abaxilongwa ngethuba lokuqala bangadinga unyango kuphela, kanti abo abanomdla wolwimi ophezulu bangadinga ezimbini okanye zonke iintlobo zonyango.
Ezi zintathu iintlobo zonyango ezisetyenziselwa umhlaza wesiLwimi zi:
- Ugqirha: Ukususwa kwesisu somhlaza kunye nezicubu ezijikelezayo
- I-Radiotherapy: Sebenzisa ama-particle high-energy ukusuka kwizinto ezixhamla kwi-radioactive ukubulala amaseli omhlaza ashiye emva kokuhlinzwa
- I-Chemotherapy: Sebenzisa iziyobisi ukutshabalalisa iiseli kunye nezicubu zomhlaza (ezi zimbini ziqhelekileyo ze-chemotherapy agents ziyi-cisplatin kunye ne-fluorouracil)
Malunga nePapillomavirus yabantu
I-HPV yintsholongwane eyenza umdlavuza womlomo wesibeleko kwaye, ngokungaqhelekanga, ezinye iintlobo zeekritha ezifana nolwimi kunye nomhlaza womhlaza . Intsholongwane iyasasazeka ngoomsebenzi wesondo, kubandakanya isondo somlomo. Ngokutsho kwamaziko okuLawula nokuLawula (i-CDC), ama-50 ekhulwini lamadoda nabasetyhini baya kuhlaselwa yi-HPV ngexesha elithile ebomini babo. Ukwanda kwandlela kwintsholongwane yentloko nentamo kuye kwaxelwa ukuba le ntsho longwane. Nangona umdlavuza wolwimi wawuthathaka kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-55, i-American Cancer Society ithi inomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal inokunyuka kubantu abancinci ngenxa yeengcingo ezinxulumene ne-HPV. Usulelo lwe-HPV aluhlali luba nomhlaza.
Iigciwane le-HPV ziyafumaneka kodwa kufuneka zinikezelwe phambi kokuba umntu omtsha sele elalana ngesondo. Azingabonakali ekunciphiseni umngcipheko weengcingo zomlomo nomlomo kodwa kukholwa ukuba oko kuya
Prognosis
Ukuba ufumene umhlaza wesibeleko, ugqirha wakho unokukunika isilumkiso-ukuqonda kwimeko ebonakalayo yesifo sakho. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba abanye abantu abanesifo esibi kakhulu banokukwazi ukuhlaziya ekuguleni kwabo, ngelixa abanye benesifo esibi kakhulu banokuthi bahlulwe. Isalathiso "kuphela ukuqiqa" okusekelwe kwiinkcukacha ngezigulane ezinezifo ezifana neyakho. Akulindelekanga ukuba oko kuza kwenzeka kuwe.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba umhlaza wolwimi ufunyaniswa kwinqanaba lokuqala, unokuphiliswa, kodwa oku kunokuba kuncinci ukuba kusekho kwaye akukho unyango. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba unempawu zomhlaza womhlaza, kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
> Imithombo:
> Usulelo lwe-HPV Infection - I-Fact Sheet. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm.
> I-Oral Cavity kunye ne-Oropharyngeal Cancer. American Cancer Society. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer.html.