Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeetoni-ii-tonsils, okanye i-adenoids, ezisempumleni; iiloni zethambile, ezisekho emqaleni wakho kwaye mhlawumbi ucinga ntoni xa uva igama elithi "toni"; kunye neetoni zeelwimi, ezisezantsi kwilwimi. Kulezi zixhobo ezintathu zeetoni, iitoni ezinamafutha ziyakwazi ukuba zibi (umdlavuza).
Kukho ezimbini iintlobo zomhlaza ezichaphazela i-toni: squamous cell carcinoma kunye ne-lymphoma. Umhlaza we-tonsil uthathwa njengesimo se- oropharyngeal (ngomlomo) yomhlaza.
Iimpawu zeConcercer
Uza kubona ukuba ezinye iimpawu zomhlaza wesibeleko zifana kakhulu neempawu ze-strep throat . Nangona kunjalo, i- strep throat ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engama-5 ukuya kwe-15, ngelixa i-cancer yomdla kakhulu ichaphazela abantu ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50.
- Izilonda emva emlonyeni okanye emqaleni ongaphilanga
- Izibilini ezingaphelelanga ngobukhulu (enye inkulu kakhulu kunenye)
- Intlungu yomlomo engahambi
- Iindlebe
- Ubunzima kunye / okanye intlungu xa uginya
- Ubuhlungu xa udla iziqhamo zeeritrus
- Ihla e ntanyeni
- Intlungu yentlungu
- Umqala omzimba ongahambiyo
- Amathe egazini
- Ukuphefumula
Izinto zobungozi
Abanye abantu banako ukufumana umdlavuza ngenxa yeendlela zokuphila okanye ezinye iimeko. Unomdla wokufumana umhlaza we-tonsil xa unxila okanye utshaya, unentsholongwane ye-HPV okanye i-HIV, okanye uneminyaka engama-50 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu (nangona umhlaza wesifo unokwenzeka nanini na ubudala).
Kananjalo nawe unokufumana umhlaza womhlaza xa unomntu okanye unomzimba wokutshintshwa komzimba .
Ukuxilongwa
Oogqirha basebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukubanceda bahlolisise umdlavuza weetoni. Isinyathelo sokuqala sale nkqubo kukufumana imbali yezempilo echanekileyo evela kuwe. Udokotela wakho uya kukuhlola. Emva koko, ukuba kunyanzelekile, ugqirha wakho uya kudala enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo mvavanyo.
- Isilwanyana esifanelekileyo senaliti (ixabiso elincinane leethambo lithathwa ngaphandle kweetoni kunye nenaliti kwaye iiseli zihlolwa phantsi kwe-microscope)
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
- X-ray
- MRI
- PET yokuhlola
Ukucwangcisa
Ukuchonga iisomhlaza zibe zigaba ezine kwenza abaqeqeshi bezempilo baxelele ukuba umhlaza sele uphumelele kangakanani ngendlela ecacileyo necacileyo. Nangona kunjalo eli luncedo lingaba lugqirha wakho, kusenokudideka kakhulu kuwe. Yilokho iinqanaba ezahlukeneyo lithetha.
- Isigaba I: Umhlaza uncinci (ngaphantsi kwe-2 cm), uvalwe kwindawo enye, kwaye awusasazekanga kwii- lymph nodes ezungezile.
- Isigaba II: Umhlaza uphakathi kwe-2 ukuya kwi-4 cm kodwa awusasazeka.
- Isigaba III: Umhlaza mkhulu kune-4 cm kwaye usasaze kwenye i-lymph node esecaleni elinye entanyeni njenge-tumor. I- lymph node i- 3 cm okanye ngaphantsi.
- Isigaba IV: Le nqanaba eliyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke. Kwi-stage IV yomhlaza womhlaza, naluphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikufutshane zomlomo wakho okanye umlomo kunye / okanye ngaphezulu kweelymode .
- Liye lasasazeka kwi- lymph node enye eyenza ngaphezu kwama-6 cm.
- Liye lasasaza kwelinye lymph node kwicala eliphambene nentamo njenge-tumor.
- Umhlaza usasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Unyango lweTonsil Cancer
Isixa sokonyango osifumanayo kwimeko yakho siya kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lesifo somhlaza onalo, unjani uhlobo lwakho, kwaye unobundlobongela kunye nodokotela wakho angathanda ukuba njani xa kuziwa kunyango.
Ngokubanzi, iintlobo ezintathu zonyango ziyasetyenziswa:
- Ugqirha: Uninzi lwezigulane luya kufuna utyando ukususa izicubu zomhlaza. Abanye abantu abanomdlavuza wesiqendu okanye wesi-II abanakufuna unyango olungaphezulu kwalolu hlobo, nangona i-radiation inganconywa kuba enye iseli yomhlaza isenokukhula ibe yinye isifo.
- Izaphulo: Emva kokuhlinzwa, izigulane ezininzi zifumana umbane ukuze zibulale nayiphi na iisisu zomhlaza. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeemitha kunye nokusetyenziswa okuya kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zakho.
- I-Chemotherapy: Ukuba unomdlavuza wesiqendu III okanye IV, uya kufuneka ukuba ube ne-chemotherapy. Unyango olutsha olubizwa ngokuba yi- induction chemotherapy lisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa izicubu.
Uninzi oogqirha baya kuncoma ubuncinci bonyango olulandelwa yimisebe yendawo. Abanye oogqirha basebenzisa i-hyperthermia (ukufudumala umzimba kumgangatho ophezulu wokubulala amaseli omhlaza). Ezinye iindlela zonyango zikhoyo, kodwa inkampani yakho yomshuwalense ayikwazi ukuhlawula. Uphando lwezophando luyabiza kakhulu ngaphandle kokuba uthatha inxaxheba kwisifundo sangoku.
Kwakhona kukho ezininzi iinkqubo ezonyango ezingaphefumulwanga kunye nezenzululwazi ezinikezelwa kwihlabathi jikelele; Ezi zonyango kufuneka zihlawulwe ngaphandle kwepokothini, zinokuba zibiza kakhulu, kwaye akukho siqinisekiso sokuba baya kusebenza. Ngelishwa, umdlavuza unobungozi obukhulu kunomnye womnye umlomo womlomo / umlomo. Xa kubanjwe kwinqanaba lokuqala, nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi banako ukubetha umdlavuza.
I-HPV Connection
Kuye kwanda ukwanda komhlaza wesihloko nentamo ngenxa ye-HPV (isifo segciwane lesifo segciwane lomntu). Le yintsholongwane efanayo eyenza umdlavuza wesibeleko. Ngokomlando, umhlaza wesihloko nentamo uthathwa njengengqabile kwaye kubangelwa ngokutshaya itekisi, ukutshaya ukutshaya kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala, kodwa phakathi ko-1984 no-2004, inani leentloko zomhlaza kunye nentamo yomhlaza ngenxa ye-HPV kathathu. Ngo-2004, iimeko ezi-7 eziphuma kwimiba yeentloko kunye nentamo ye-Cancer yabangelwa yi-HPV. Kukholelwa ukuba intsholongwane iyadluliselwa ngocansi lomlomo olungakhuselekanga.
"Isilivere sesiliva" (oko kuthetha) kukuba i-HPV-positive malignancies iphendule ngakumbi kunyango kunamanye amagciwane ekhanda nentamo. Ngoxa i-HPV-positive chloride zanda , ezinye iintlobo zentloko kunye neentamo ze-khancer zinciphile. kukho ii- vaccine ze-HPV ezikhoyo kwaye ukuhanjiswa kungakhuselwa ngokusebenzisa iikhondom .
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. Ukunyuka kwiNqanaba leNtsholongwane enomdla we-HPV. https://www.cancer.org/
> I-American Cancer Society. Iindleko zokusinda kwi-Oral Cavity kunye ne-Oropharyngeal Cancer ngeSigaba. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html
> Imisedare-iSinayi. ITonsil Cancer. http://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Tonsil-Cancer.aspx
> INational Cancer Institute. (2015). Iphepha leNgcaciso yeCans. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging
> INational Cancer Institute. (2011). Hyperthermia kwiCreatcer Treatment. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/surgery/hyperthermia-fact-sheet