Indlela eSebenza ngayo kwaye Ziziphi iintlobo ezikhoyo
I-insulin esebenza ngokukhawuleza yinto eye ishintshiweyo yamakhemikhali ukwenzela ukuba i-insulin ixakeke ngokukhawuleza kwigazi. Olu tshintsho kwisakhiwo samakhemikhali ye-insulin alithinteli amandla alo ekunciphiseni ushukela wegazi (i-glucose) kodwa lichaphazela isantya apho insulin ifunyenwe khona. I-insulin esebenza ngokukhawuleza ifakwe kwigazi ngaphakathi kwemizuzu kwaye ininzi inzuzo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.
Ngubani Ofuna Ukukhawuleza Ukusebenzisa I-Insulin?
Bonke abantu abane-type 1 yeswekile kunye nabanye abantu abanesifo sikashukela se-2 kufuneka bathathe i-insulin ukwenzela ukuba benze i-glucose ngokutya.
Kuhlobo lwe-1 lweswekile, oku kuba i-pancreas ayisenzi i-insulin. Ngohlobo lwesi-2 lweswekile, i-pancreas yenza i-insulin, kodwa imizimba yabo ayisaphenduli nayo, ngamanye amaxesha yenza ii-injection ze-insulin eziyimfuneko.
Abantu abane- diabetes yohlobo lwe-1 kufuneka bathathe zombini i-basal ne-bolus insulin. I-basal insulin yi-insulin yangasese edlalwa ngama-pancreas kwaye ikhona iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, nokuba umntu angadli okanye akunjalo. I-bolus insulin ibhekisela kwixabiso elongezelelweyo le-insulin i-pancreas iya kuyenza ngokwenza i-glucose ethathwe ngokutya. Umlinganiselo we-bolus insulin eveliswe kuxhomekeke kubukhulu besidlo. I-insulin esebenza ngokukhawuleza yimihlobo ye-bolus insulin.
Iintlobo ze-insulini ezikhawulezayo
Kukho okwangoku i-insulin esheshayo okanye esheshayo.
Iyokuqala ibizwa ngokuba yi-lispro kodwa ithengiswa phantsi kwegama elithi Humalog kwaye lenziwe ngu-Eli Lilly. I-Humalog iyona indala kunazo zintathu ze-insulin zisebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye zithengiswa ngezorhwebo ukususela ngo-1966.
I-second insulin esebenza ngokukhawuleza yamkelwa yi-US Food Administration and Drug Administration ngo-2000.
Le insulin ithatha igama lohlobo lwe-aspart kodwa lithengiswa phantsi kwegama le- NovoLog kwaye liveliswa nguNovo Nordisk.
Kodwa okwesithathu i-insulin esebenza ngokukhawuleza yongezwa ngo-2006. Yabizwa ngokuthi i-insulin glulisine kwaye iyaziwa kakhulu ngegama layo elinguApidra . Ithengiswa nguSanofi-Aventis.
Ngo-2015, olunye uhlobo lwe-insulin ekwenzeni ngokukhawuleza lwafumaneka kwi-US Yi-insulin enganyakaliyo ngegama le-Afrezza.
Ukukhawuleza-Ukusebenzisa i-insulin isebenza
Zonke ezi zintathu zale insulini ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza zikhawuleza zibe negazi kwaye ziqale ukusebenza phakathi kwemizuzu engama-15. I-insulin ngayinye ifinyelela kwi-potency yayo malunga neyure enye kwaye iyaqhubeka nokunciphisa ishukela yegazi ukuya kwiiyure ezintlanu. Ukufakela ngokukhawuleza kwe-insulin kuvumela umntu ukuba ajobe i-insulin esebenza ngokukhawuleza nje ngaphambi kokutya "ukumboza" ukunyuka kwishukela yegazi eyenzeka xa ukutya kudliwa. Ubungakanani bombono kwiyure elinye luhambelana nexesha apho i-glucose ihamba ngokukhawuleza, ikhuphe ukunyuka kwishukela yegazi.
Ukusekwa, iPoak, kunye neXesha kwi-Three Fast-Acting insulins
Nasi umehluko ekuqaleni, ukuphakama, kunye nobude phakathi kwezi ntlobo ze -insulin ezisenza ngokukhawuleza :
Igama lomthengiso: I-Novolog (igama eliqhelekileyo: i-aspart):
- Ukuqalwa: 5-15 imizuzu
- Inyathelo lePeak: iiyure eziyi-1-3
- Ubude besikhathi: ama-3-5 iiyure
2. Igama lomthengisi: I-Apidra (igama eliqhelekileyo: glulisine):
- Ukuqalwa: 5-15 imizuzu
- Intshukumo ye-Peak: imizuzu engama-30-90 imizuzu
- Ubude besikhathi: ama-3-5 iiyure
Igama lomthengisi: I-Humalog (igama eliqhelekileyo: lispro):
- Ukuqalwa: 5-15 imizuzu
- Intshukumo ye-Peak: imizuzu engama-30-90 imizuzu
- Ubude besikhathi: ama-3-5 iiyure
Ngokukhawuleza-Ukusebenzisa i-insulini kwiipompo
I-insulin esebenza ngokukhawuleza iphinda isetyenziswe kwiipompu zokuhambisa i-insulin ukubonelela ngezinga eliqhubekayo kodwa eliphantsi le-insulin. Ukuqhuma okuqhubekayo kwe-insulin kudla ngokuba yi-basal insulin kwaye i-insulin eqhubekayo efunekayo ukulawula ukuguqulwa okuqhelekileyo kwishukela yegazi phakathi kokutya kunye ngexesha lokulala. Iinqununu ezongezelelweyo ze-insulin esebenza ngokukhawuleza zinikezwa ngexesha lokudla (elibizwa ngokuthi i-bolus insulin) ukucima imiphumo yokunyuka kwe-glucose ekudleni kokutya.
Imithombo:
Insulin. Umbutho weSwekile waseMelika. Isikhokelo sikaThengi ngo-2011. " Isifo sesifo sikashukela, ngoJanuwari 2011, iVol, 64, No. 1.
I-Hieronymus, i-LMSEd., I-APRN, i-BC-ADM, i-CDE, i-Geil, i-PMS, i-RD, i-CDE "iindidi ze-insulini." I- Diabetes Self-Management, 2009.