Usenokuba ubone amahlathi malunga neengxaki ze-temporomandibular (umhlathi) (TMD), obizwa ngokuba yi-TMJ syndrome. Mhlawumbi uvakalelwa ngethuba ngezinye iinkalo kwindawo yakho yomhlathi, okanye mhlawumbi wakho wamazinyo okanye ugqirha uye wakuxelela ukuba unayo i-TMD.
Ukuba unemibuzo malunga neengxaki ze-temporomandibular, awuyedwa. Abaphandi, nabo, bafuna iimpendulo kwizinto ezibangelwa i-TMD, ziphi unyango olungcono kunye nendlela esinokuyithintela ngayo le ngxaki.
I-TMD ayiyona nje ingxaki enye, kodwa iqela lemiqathango, ihlala ibuhlungu, echaphazela ukudibanisa kwe-temporomandibular kunye nezihlunu ezilawula ukuhlafuna. Nangona singazi ukuba bangaphi abantu ababenayo i-TMD, iziphazamiso zibonakala zichaphazela ngokuphindwe kabini abafazi njengamadoda.
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IintloboIingcali ngokubanzi ziyavuma ukuba iziphazamiso ze-temporomandibular ziwela kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili:
- ubuhlungu be-myofascial (uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-TMD, olungathandekiyo okanye intlungu kwiimisipha ezilawula umsebenzi womhlathi kunye nentamo yentloko kunye neentlungu )
- ukuxhamla kwangaphakathi komxube (oku kuthetha umhlathi okanye i-diskiced disc, okanye ukulimala kwi-condyle)
- izifo ezidibeneyo ezichaphazelekayo (ezifana ne- osteoarthritis okanye i- rheumatoid arthritis ehlangene nomhlathi)
Umntu unokufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi meko ngelo xesha. Iingcali zenzululwazi zihlola indlela iimpawu zokuziphatha, iingqondo kunye nezobuqu ezinokubambisana zingabandakanya ukudala i-TMD.
Abaphandi bazama ukucacisa iimpawu ze-TMD, ngenjongo yokuphuhlisa indlela elula kunye neyona ndlela ingcono yokuxilonga kunye nophuculo oluphuculweyo.
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Isihlanganisi seTemoromandibularUmxube we-temporomandibular udibanisa umhlathi ophantsi, obizwa ngokuba yi-mandible, kwithambo lexeshana ngapha kwentloko. Ukuba ubeka iminwe yakho phambi kweendlebe zakho kwaye uvule umlomo wakho, unokuziva unxibelelwano kwicala ngalinye lentloko yakho. Ngenxa yokuba la malungu aguquguqukayo, umhlathi unokuthi uhambe kakuhle kwaye uphelele kwicala, ukusivumela ukuba sithethe, sitshe kwaye sitshintshe. Imisipha idibeneyo kwaye ijikeleze ukulawulwa kwendawo yomhlathi kunye nokunyakaza kwayo.
Xa sivula imilomo yethu, imiphetho ejikeleziweyo yomhlathi osezantsi, obizwa ngokuba yi-condyles, uhamba nge-socket edibeneyo yethambo lexeshana. I-condyles ifakalisa kwisithuba sabo sokuqala xa sivala imilomo yethu. Ukugcina le ntshukumo ihamba kakuhle, idiski ephothileyo iphakathi kwe-condyle kunye namathambo exeshana. Le diski ithatha ukutshitshiswa kwi-TMJ ekuhlaleni nakwezinye izinto.
Ubuhlungu kwi-Joint
Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba abantu abaninzi, intlungu kwindawo yomhlathi okanye izihlunu akusiyo impawu yokuba ingxaki enkulu ikhula. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukungathandeki kwi-TMD kudla ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwesikhashana, ngokuqhelekileyo kuvela kwiimjikelezo. Intlungu ekugqibeleni ihamba kunye nonyango okanye akukho nonyango. Ipesenti encinane yabantu abaneentlungu ze-TMD ziphuhlisa ezibalulekileyo, iimpawu zexesha elide.
Ukucacisa iMpawu
Abaphandi bazama ukucacisa iimpawu ze-TMD, ngenjongo yokuphuhlisa indlela elula kunye neyona ndlela ingcono yokuxilonga kunye nophuculo oluphuculweyo.
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IzizathuSiyazi ukuba ukulimala kanzima kwintambo yomhlathi okanye i-temporomandibular kungabangela i-TMD. Ngokomzekelo, umonakalo omkhulu, unokuphazamisa amathambo edibeneyo okanye ukulimaza i-disk, ukuphazamisa ukunyakaza okukhawulezayo komhlathi kwaye kubangele ubuhlungu okanye ukuvalela.
- I-arthritis ehlangene nomhlathi ingabangela ukulimala.
- Abanye bacacisa ukuba ukuluma kakubi (indawo yokufaka indawo) kungabangela i-TMD, kodwa iingxabano zophando zakutshanje ezijongeyo.
- Ukunyangwa kwama-Orthodontic, njengama-braces kunye nokusetyenziswa kwintloko, kuye kwaxelwa ezinye iintlobo ze-TMD, kodwa izifundo ngoku zibonisa ukuba akunakwenzeka.
Gum
Akukho ubungqina benzululwazi bokuthi i-gum chewing ibangele ukuchofoza izandi kumxube womhlathi, okanye ukuchofoza umhlathi kukukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu ze-TMJ. Enyanisweni, ukucofa umhlathi kukuqhelekileyo kubantu bonke. Ukuba akukho zinye iimpawu, ezinjengeentlungu okanye ukuvalela, ukuchofoza umhlathi ngokuqhelekileyo akudingi unyango.
Iingxaki zengxoxo
Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba abaninzi abantu abanokukrola okanye ukuphuma kwintambo yomhlathi, mhlawumbi banakho i-diskiced disc (i-disc ezithambileyo, ezithatha ukuphazamiseka azikho kwindawo eqhelekileyo). Ngaphandle nje kokuba i-diskiced disc ingabangeli ntlungu okanye iingxaki ngokunyakaza komhlathi, akukho unyango olufunekayo.
Ukuxinezeleka
Iingcali zibonisa ukuba uxinzelelo (mhlawumbi kwengqondo okanye lomzimba) lunokubangela okanye luphucule i-TMD. Abantu abane-TMD bavame ukuvala okanye ukugawula amazinyo ebusuku, onokutshatyalalisa izihlunu zomhlathi kunye nokukhokelela intlungu. Akwacaci, nangona kunjalo, nokuba ingcinezelo yimbangela yokubandezela / ukugaya kunye neentlungu zomhlathi zomsana okanye umphumo wokujongana nobuhlungu obungapheliyo.
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Izimpawu kunye neMpawuIimpawu ezahlukeneyo zinokudibaniswa ne-TMD. Ubuhlungu, ngokukodwa kwimisipha yokuhlamba kunye / okanye ukudibanisa umhlathi, sisona siganeko esiqhelekileyo. Ezinye iimpawu ziquka:
- ukunyanzelisa okanye ukuvalela umhlathi.
- ukugqithisa ubuhlungu ebusweni, entanyeni, okanye emagxeni.
- ukucofa, ukuphuma okanye ukubetha izandi kwixubane lomhlathi xa uvula okanye uvala umlomo.
- ngokukhawuleza, utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela amazinyo aphezulu kunye aphantsi ahlangene kunye.
Ezinye iimpawu ezihambelanayo
Ezinye ngamanye amaxesha zidibana ne-TMD, njenge:
- intloko
- indlebe
- ukungcola
- iingxaki zokuva
Kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni, nangona kunjalo, ukuphazamiseka kwamanye amaxesha kwintlambo yomhlathi okanye ukuhlamba iimeko eziqhelekileyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka.
Intloko za sekondari
Ngokutsho kwe-ADAM "Ukudibanisa i-Temporomandibular, okanye i-TMJ, ukungasebenzi, kungabangela imbilini yesibini.
Ngokutsho kommeli wesigulane nomlobi uTeri Robert, "ngamanye amaxesha, intloko iphela yinto- intloko ." Ngamanye amaxesha, intloko ingabonakalisa impawu yenye imeko.Kongeza, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentlungu, kwaye unyango luyahluka ukuxilongwa. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, ukuxilongwa ngokufanelekileyo nokuchanekileyo kubalulekile. "
Angina
Ngokutsho kukaRichard N. Fogoros MD, "Ubuhlungu bentlaba bubonakaliso obuqhelekileyo be- angina ." "Ubuhlungu bomhlathi obunqabile obungacacanga kufuneka buhlolwe ngugqirha"
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UkuxilongwaNgenxa yokuba izizathu kunye neempawu ze-TMD azicaci, ukuxilongwa kwezi ngxaki kunokudideka. Okwangoku, akukho kwamkelwa ngokubanzi, uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo i-TMD. Nangona kunjalo, malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zeemeko, nangona kunjalo, inkcazelo yesigulane yeempawu, ezidibanisa nokuhlolwa okulula kwimeko kunye nomhlathi, inikeza ngolwazi oluncedo ekufumaneni izi ngxaki.
Uvavanyo lweMvelo
Uhlolo loqobo luquka:
- uvakalelwa ngamangxuma kunye nezihlunu zokuhlafuna iintlungu okanye ububele
- ukuphulaphula ukucofa, ukuphuma okanye ukuvakala izandi ngexesha lokuhamba komhlathi
- ukuhlola ukunyakaza okufutshane okanye ukuvala umhlathi xa uvula okanye uvala umlomo
Ukuhlolisisa imbali yesigulane neyonyango kubaluleke kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, olu vavanyo lunikeza ulwazi olwaneleyo ukufumana intlungu okanye ingxaki yomhlathi, ukuxilonga, nokuqala unyango ukukhupha intlungu okanye ukuhlenga umhlathi.
Uvavanyo lweNgcaciso
AmaX ray kunye nama-TMJ x-rays (i-transcranial radiographs) ayinakuncedo ekuhloleni i-TMD. Ezinye iindlela zobu-x-ray zidlalwa kuphela xa ugqirha ekhankanya kakhulu imeko efana ne-arthritis okanye xa intlungu eqhubekayo iqhubeka ngexesha kunye neempawu aziphuculanga unyango. Ezi ziquka:
- i-arthrography (idibene x-ray usebenzisa idayi)
- imagery emontic resonance (MRI)
- tomography (uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe x-ray)
Ngaphambi kokufumana naluphi na uvavanyo oluvuthiweyo lokuvavanya, kuhlale kubulumko ukufumana olunye uluvo oluzimeleyo.
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Izinketho zoLonyango lweConservativeAmagama abalulekileyo okumele agcinwe engqondweni malunga nokunyangwa kwe-TMD:
- ekhuselekileyo
- zibuyiselwa
Unyango olulondolozo lwentsebenzo lulula njengoko lunokwenzeka kwaye lusetyenziswa rhoqo ngenxa yokuba ezininzi izigulane azizinayo i-TMD enzima. Utyando olusisigxinayo aluyi kuhlasela izicubu ze:
- ubuso
- umhlathi
- edibeneyo
Ukuguqulwa okubuyiselwayo akubangela ukuba utshintsho olusisigxina, okanye olungaguqukiyo kwisakhiwo okanye isikhundla somhlathi okanye amazinyo.
Ngenxa yokuba ezininzi iingxaki ze-TMD zisesigxina kwaye azibi nakakhulu, unyango olulula luyinto efunekayo ukuze kukhululeke. Izenzo zokuzinakekela zisebenzisekile ekunciphiseni iimpawu ze-TMD, umzekelo:
- ukutya ukutya okulula
- ukusebenzisa ukushisa okanye iipakethe ze-ice
- ukuphepha ukunyuka kwamahlathi omdaka (okunjenge-yawning ebanzi, ukucula ngokuvakalayo kunye nokuhlafuna i-gum)
Ukufunda iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokuphucula nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunokunceda izigulane zijongane neentlungu ezivame ukuza neengxaki ze-TMD.
Olunye unyango olulondolozayo luya kubandakanya:
- unyango lomzimba (lugxile kwi-muscle elula kunye nokuziphucula umzimba)
- Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane kwezilwanyana ezihlaziyiweyo kunye nezidakamizwa ezichasayo
Splints
Abanikezeli benonophelo lwempilo banokuncoma umbane womlomo, obizwa ngokuba yi-split or bite bite, ephethe umgcini weplastiki ohambelana namazinyo aphezulu okanye aphantsi. Ubuqhekeza bunokukunceda ukunciphisa ukuxuba okanye ukugaya, okuye kunciphisa uxinzelelo lomzimba. Ukuqhawula ngomlomo kufuneka kusetyenziswe kuphela ixesha elifutshane kwaye akufanele kubangele utshintsho olungapheliyo. Ukuba izinto ezibangeleyo okanye zandisa intlungu, yeka ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ubone ugqirha wakho.
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Izinketho zokuPhephaUnyango olusisigxina, olunokuguqulwa luncedo ukuphucula okwethutyana intlungu kunye ne-muscle spasm-"ayiphilisi" ye-TMD. Ukuba iimpawu ziyaqhubeka ngexesha elide okanye ubuyele rhoqo, khangela ngogqirha wakho.
Kukho ezinye iintlobo zonyango lwe-TMD, njengophando okanye iinjenge, ezihlasela izicubu. Ezinye zibandakanya ukujova iilwimi ezinokubuhlungu ezinkundleni, ezibizwa ngokuthi "iingongoma zokuqala." Abaphandi bafunda olu hlobo lonyango ukuze babone ukuba ezi ngxube zinceda ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Iingonyango zonyango zihlala zingenakwenzeka kwaye zifanele ziphetshwe xa kunokwenzeka. Xa unyango luyimfuneko, qi niseka ukuba ugqirha uchaze kuwe, ngamazwi uyawaqonda:
- isizathu sokuba unyango
- ingozi echaphazelekayo
- ezinye iintlobo zonyango ezinokufumaneka
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Iingonyango ezingenakulungiswa zingenza i-TMD ibe nzimaIingcali zenzululwazi ziye zafunda ukuba unyango olusenokungenakulungiswa, olunjengokutshintshwa kwendawo yokugaya izilwanyana kunye nezifakelo zokufakelwa, kungabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu kunye nomonakalo wesikhohla. Ezinye zezi zixhobo zingakwazi ukuhluleka ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo okanye zingaphula umhlathi emva kwexesha. Ngaphambi kokuba sisebenze naluphi na utyando ekuhlanganyeleni umhlathi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana ezinye izimvo ezizimeleyo.
Iziphumo zeVitek
Ulawulo lwezoKutya kunye noTywala liye lwakhumbula ukufakelwa kweengxube zengxube eyenziwe nguVitek, onokuthi aphule umonakalo ojikeleze amathambo. Ukuba unayo izimpembelelo, jonga ugqirha wakho womlomo okanye udokotela wamazinyo. Ukuba kukho iingxaki ngezimpembelelo zakho, izixhobo zingadinga ukuba zisuswe.
Ezinye iziNyango ezingenakulungiswa
Ezinye iinkatho ezingenakulungiswa ezingenakuncedo, kwaye zingenza ingxaki ibe yimbi ngakumbi:
- orthodontics ukutshintsha ukuluma
- i-dentistry yokubuyisela (esebenzisa isithsaba kunye nomsebenzi webhulo ukulinganisela ukuluma)
- utshintsho lwama-occlusal (ukugaya amazinyo ukuzisa ukuluma)
Nangona uphando olongezelelweyo luyimfuneko ekukhuseleni nasekusebenzeni kwezinto ezininzi zonyango lwe-TMD, izazinzulu zincoma ukuba zisebenzise kakhulu unyango olusisigxina, olunokuguquka ngaphambi kokuqwalasela unyango olungenayo. Ngona xa ingxaki ye-TMD ihlala ingapheliyo, ezininzi izigulane azidinganga iintlobo zonyango.
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Izinto ezi-5 zokugcina ingqalelo xa Ucinga ukuba Unayo TMD- Gcina ukhumbule ukuba kubantu abaninzi, ukungaxhamli kwi-TMD ekugqibeleni baya kuhamba nokuba ngaba baphathwa okanye bangenzi.
- Iinkqubo zokuzinakekela ezilula zihlala zisebenza ekunciphiseni iimpawu ze-TMD.
- Ukuba kukho unyango olungakumbi, kufuneka lube nolondolozo kwaye lubuyiswe.
- Gwema, ukuba kunokwenzeka, unyango olubangela ukuba utshintsho olusisigxina lube ngumlenze okanye umhlathi.
- Ukuba kunconywa unyango olungenakuphikiswa, qiniseka ukuba ufumana uluvo lwesibini oluthembekileyo .
Kuphi Ukufumana Iingcamango Zesibili
Iingcali ezininzi, ngokukodwa abazinyo bamazinyo, baqhelana nokunyangwa kokunyamekela kwe-TMD. Ngenxa yokuba i-TMD idla ngobuhlungu, iiklinikhi zentlungu kwizibhedlele nakwiiyunivesithi nazo ziyimithombo efanelekileyo yeengcebiso kunye nemibono yesibini kwezi ngxaki. Iingcali eziqhelekileyo eziqeqeshwe ngobuso bentlungu zihlala zi luncedo ekuhloleni nasekuphatheni i-TMD.
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Uphando luyenziwe kwi-TMDI-National Institute of Dental Research isekela inkqubo yophando olusebenzayo kwi-TMD. Ukuphuhlisa izikhokelo ezithembekileyo zokuxilongwa kwezi ngxaki ziphambili. Izifundo kunye novavanyo lweeklinikhi nazo ziyaqhubeka kwizizathu, unyango kunye nokukhusela i-TMD. Ngokuqhubela phambili uphando, iinqununu ze-TMD iphazili ziwela ngokukhawuleza kodwa zihamba ngokuthe ngqo.
Izikhokelo zoLwazi
Enye yezona ndawo zibaluleke kakhulu zophando lwe-TMD ziphuhlisa izikhokelo ezicacileyo zokufumanisa ezi ngxaki. Emva kokuba izazinzulu zivumelana malunga noluphi na izikhokelo, kufuneka kube lula ngabagqirha ukuba bachane ngokuchanekileyo iingxaki ze-temporomandibular kwaye bathathe isigqibo sokuba yintoni na unyango olufunekayo.
Umthombo:
Upapasho lwe-NIH No. 94-3487