Ukuvuvukala kwenzeka phambi kwe-arhente, intsholongwane, okanye isiganeko esinokulimaza umzimba. Xa unesifo se-HIV ngokukodwa, yinkinga enzima kakhulu kunokuba imeko leyo ibangele kunye nefuthe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvuvukala kwenzeka njengempendulo ngqo kwi-HIV. Ngolunye uhlangothi, ukuvuvukala okungapheliyo-okuqhubekayo nangona umntu enesifo se-HIV-unokungabonakali ukulimaza kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo kunye nezicubu ezingathintekiyo yi-HIV.
Kuyi-catch-22 eqhubekayo yokuphazamisa izazinzulu kunye nocelomngeni kubantu abaphila nesifo.
Ukuvuvukala kuchazwa
Ukuvuvukala kuyinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-biological eyenzekayo ekuphenduleni i-pathogen (njengentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, okanye i-parasite), kunye nokuvezwa kwee-agents ezinobuthi okanye ukulimala. Ingqungquthela yomzimba wokukhusela umzimba , ojolise ekulungiseni amaseli awonakalisiweyo kwaye abuyisele umzimba kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, eziphilileyo.
Xa isifo okanye ukuxhwalazeka kwenzeka, umzimba uphendula ngokuxubusha isitya segazi esincinci ukunyusa zombini ukunikezelwa kwegazi kunye nokunyameleka kwezicubu ze-vascular. Oku, kubangela ukuba izicubu zivule, ukuvumela igazi kunye nokukhusela amaseli egazi amhlophe ukuba agijime. Ezi seli (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-neutrophils kunye ne-monocytes) zijikeleze kwaye zichithe nayiphi na i-arhente yangaphandle, emva koko ivumele inkqubo yokuphulukisa iqalise.
Ngamanye amaxesha ukuvuvukala kungenziwa kwindawo, njengokuba kwenzeka nge-cut or insecse bite.
Ngamanye amaxesha, iyakwenziwa jikelele kwaye ichaphazele umzimba wonke, njengoko unokukwazi ukuvela ngexesha losulelo okanye ezinye izifo zonyango.
Ukuvutha kudlalwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengobunzima okanye obungapheliyo. Ukuvuvukala kancinci kubonakaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwangoko nokufutshane. Nentsholongwane kaGawulayo, umzekelo, usulelo olutsha lunokubangela ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza, ngokugqithiseleyo kubangele i-lymph nodes, i-symptom-like symptoms, kunye ne-body-shash.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuvutha okungapheliyo kuyaqhubeka ixesha elide. Kwakhona, siyabona oku nge-HIV, apho iimpawu ezinzima zixazulula kodwa isifo sesifo sisisigxina. Nangona kunokubakho ambalwa, ukuba kukho na, iimpawu kule nqanaba elingapheliyo lokusuleleka, umzimba uya kuqhubeka ukuphendula ekukholeni kwe-HIV kunye nokuvuvukala kwezinga eliphezulu.
Ngaba Kuninzi Kwezinto Ezilungileyo?
Ukuvuvukala kuyinto efanelekileyo into efanelekileyo. Kodwa ukuba ingahambelwanga, ingawuguqula umzimba kwaye uvunye umonakalo omkhulu. Izizathu zezi zinto zilula kwaye zithi zilula.
Ukususela kwimbono ebanzi, ubukho be-pathogen buya kuvuselela impendulo yomzimba, ngenjongo yokujolisa nokubulala i-arhente yangaphandle. Ngelo xesha, iiseli eziqhelekileyo zingonakaliswa okanye zonakaliswe. Xa inkqubo ivumelekile ukuba iqhubeke ingasebenzi, njengoko kwenzeka nge-HIV, uxinzelelo oluvuthayo olufakwe kwiiseli luqala ukunyuka.
Okubi nakakhulu, nangona umntu ebeka kwi- antiretroviral ye-antiretroviral ngokunyanisekileyo , kuya kubakho ukuvuvukala kwezinga eliphantsi, ngenxa yokuba intsholongwane ikhona. Kwaye nangona oku kungaphakamisa ukuba ukuvuvukala kungaphantsi kwengxaki kule nqanaba, akusoloko kunjalo.
Uphononongo olutshanje lwabalawuli be- HIV elitsha (abantu abanako ukukhusela intsholongwane ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi) babonise ukuba, nangona inzuzo yolawulo lwendalo, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu we-hospitali ngenxa yesifo se-cardiovascular kunye nezinye izifo xa kuthelekiswa nokuphathwa , abalawuli abangabalandeli.
Ukuthi amazinga afanayo yesifo abonwe ngabalawuli abangaphilile, abangengabalingani abacebise kakhulu ukuba impendulo yomzimba kwi-HIV ingabangela imiphumo emininzi yexesha elide njengesi sifo ngokwaso.
Oko sikubona kubantu abanexesha elide ngamaxesha ngamanye amaxesha utshintsho olukhulu kwisakhiwo samaselula, kwaze kwaba sekuhlaselweni kwekhowudi yezofuzo. Olu tshintsho luyahambisana nalabo abonwaba asebekhulile, apho iiseli azinako ukuphindaphinda kwaye ziqale ukufumana oko sikubiza ngokuba yi-apoptosis yangaphambili (ukufa kwangaphambili kweselula). Oku, kulandelelana nezinga lokunyuka kwesifo senhliziyo, i-cancer, izifo zengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kunye nezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene nobudala obudala.
Enyanisweni, ukuvutha okungapheliyo, kwinqanaba eliphantsi, kunokuthi "ligule" umzimba ngaphambi kwexesha layo , ngokuphindaphindiweyo malunga neminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-15.
I-Complex Link phakathi kokuvutha nokugula
Nangona abaphandi bebanzima ukuqonda iindlela ezibangele ezi ziganeko ezimbi, izifundo ezininzi ziye zasikhanyisela ngokuphathelele umbutho phakathi kokuvutha nokugula okungapheliyo.
Oyintloko phakathi kwezi ziCwangciso zokuLawula uvavanyo lwe-Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART), olufanisa inkqubela yekliniki yonyango lokuqala lwe-HIV kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweyeza. Esinye sezizinto izazi zenzululwazi ezifunyenweyo kukuba, emva kokuqala unyango, abamakishi abanobukrokra egazini benqatshelwe kodwa abangekho kumazinga abonwa ngabantu abangenayo i-HIV. Ukutshabalala okuqhubekayo kwahlala nangona xa ukunyanzelwa kwegciwane kuphunyezwe , amazinga awo ahambelana namazinga okwanda kwama-arteriosclerosis (ukuqina kemithambo) kunye nezinye izifo zentliziyo.
Ucwaningo olunxulumene nolwazi oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, iSan Francisco luye lwabonisa ukulungelelaniswa ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kobunzima beendonga zobomi kubantu abaneNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO kunye namanqanaba okuvutha egazini labo. Nangona abantu abanegciwane le-HIV bephethe iindonga ezincinci kunye nabamaki abancinci beempawu xa befaniswa nomlingani ongenamdla, abazange bafikelele kwi-"evamile" yobunzima obubonakalayo kubantu bonke.
Ukugqithisa okungapheli kubonakaliswe ukuba nefuthe elifanayo kwizintso, ngokunyuka kwamazinga e-fibrosis (ukubhubha) kunye nokukhubazeka kwezintso, kunye nesibindi, ubuchopho kunye nezinye iinkqubo zesebe.
Ukuvutha okungapheliyo kunye nokuLindela koBomi
Ukunikezelwa ngumbutho phakathi kokuguquka okungapheliyo kunye nezigulo ezinxulumene nokuguga, ngaba kulungile ukubonisa ukuba ixesha lokuphila linokuchaphazela abantu abaphila ne-HIV?
Akunjalo. Ngokomzekelo, siyazi ukuba umntu oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala kwi-ARV yokwelapha unokulindela ukuba aphile kwiminyaka yakhe engama-70 ubudala, ngokutsho kophando oluvela kwi-North American AIDS Cohort Cooperation yoPhando kunye neNkqutyana (NA-AGAWO).
Xa kuthethwa oko, ubomi bobuchule bunokuthi bufinyezwe ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yezi zifo ezingenayo i-HIV. Ukuvuvukala ngumxhasi oyintloko, njengendlela yokunyanga , ukulawulwa kwegciwane , imbali yentsapho kunye nokukhetha kwendlela yokuphila (kuquka ukutshaya , utywala kunye nokutya).
Inyaniso elula yile: Ukuqhaqhazela kudibaniswe ngandlela-thile ukuze kuqhutywe yonke into embi engenzeka kwimibutho yethu. Nangona abantu abane-HIV bephila ixesha elide kwaye bafumana izifo ezincinci ezikhethileyo kunanini ngaphambili, banesifo esiphezulu seentsholongwane zengqondo kunye neengculaza ezinxulumene ne-HIV kunabantu bonke.
Ngokuqalisa unyango ngokukhawuleza, ukuwuthatha ngokuqhubekayo , nokuphila ubomi obuninzi bokukhathazeka kwempilo, ezininzi zezo mngcipheko zinganciphisa okanye zitshintshwe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, izazinzulu zithemba ukuqhubela phambili ezi njongo ngokufumana iindlela zokuphelisa impendulo yomzimba ekunciphiseni ukunyanzeliswa kwexesha elide lokugxeka.
> Imithombo:
> Uluhlu, S. Tracy, R. kunye noDeeuk, D. "Iimpembelelo zeMpawu zoKhusela kwiMpilo ngexesha losulelo lwe-HIV. Ku khuselwa. Matshi 17, 2013; 39 (4): 633-645.
> Crowell, T. Gebo, K. Blankson, J. et al. "Izibhedlele zeeNdwendwe kunye nezizathu phakathi kolawulo lwe-HIV Elite kunye nabantu abane-HIV elawulwa yiMveli." Izifo ezithathelwanayo zonyango. Disemba 15, 2014; i-doi: 10.1093 / infdis / jiu809.
> Duprez, D. Neuhaus, J. Kuller, L. et al. "Ukuvuvukala, ukuxhatshazwa kunye neengqondo ze-Cardiovascular Disease kwi-HIV yabantu abathile" IPOS One. NgoSeptemba 10, 2012; INGXELO: 10/1371 / iphephandaba.pone.0044454.
> Hogg, R. Althoff, K. Samji, H. et al. "Ukuvala i-Gap: Ukwanda kwexesha lokuphila phakathi kwabantu abano-HIV eMelika naseCanada, 2000-2007." I-7 ye-International AIDS Society (IAS) Inkomfa kwiPathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. Kuala Lumpur, eMalaysia. NgoJuni 30-Julayi 3, 2013; Abstract TUPE260.