Ubutyebi buye budibaniswa nesibalo sezifo ezingapheliyo, kuquka i- Type 2 yeswekile , isifo se-cardiovascular , nomhlaza , ukubiza ezimbalwa. Nangona ukukhula kokunyamezela kwahlala kuzinzile kwiminyaka yama-1960 kunye neye-1970, kuye kwavela phezulu ukususela ngo-1980, kwaze kwaba lula ukuba abantu ababini kwi-US abadala abadala banokugqithisa. Iingcali ezininzi ziye zatsho ukuba ubhubhane obutyebisayo lungabangela ukuhla kwexesha lokuphila e-United States kwi-21 leminyaka.
Ukunyaniseka nokuLindela koBomi
Uphando oluthile lwabantu abadala abangaphezu kwezigidi e-United States lubonise ukuba amazinga okufa ahlanganiswe nesicatshulwa somzimba (BMI). Kule sifundo, amazinga okufa ezivela kwisifo senhliziyo aphakanyisiwe kakhulu kubantu abane-BMIs eziphezulu. Inani eliphantsi kakhulu lokufa kwabaphakathi kwabasetyhini abane-BMI ye-22.0 ukuya ku-23.4 kunye namadoda ane-BMI ye-23,5 ukuya kwi-24.9.
Abanye abaphandi baqikelele ukuba ukukhuluphala kubangela ukuba kufe abantu abangama-300 000 ngonyaka. Ukugqithisa ngokweqile kunye nokukhuluphala ebuntwaneni kubangelwa ngumntu oyingozi: kumadoda ngokukodwa, ukukhululeka kakhulu kubuntwaneni sele kufunyenwe ukunyusa umngcipheko wokufa nasiphi na isizathu.
Abanye abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba, kulabo abagqithise kakhulu, ixesha lokuphila lancitshiswa ngokuqikelelwa kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-20.
Ukunyanya ubukhulu njengengxaki yehlabathi
Imibutho emininzi, kubandakanywa ne-World Health Organisation (WHO), ikhuphe ikhwelo kwisenzo kwi-epidemic ye-obesity, echaza njengengxaki enkulu yezempilo emhlabeni jikelele.
I-WHO iqikelela ukuba ubuncinane abantu abayizigidi ezingama-2,8 bafa emhlabeni ngamnye ngenxa yokugqithisa okanye ukugqithisa.
I-WHO iphinda icacise ukuba ukuxhaphaka kokunyanya kwehlabathi kuphantse kwaphindwe kabini phakathi ko-1980 no-2008, kwaye apho ukukhuluphala kwakuye kwahlanganiswa namazwe aphezulu afumana imali, ngoku idibaniswa namazwe aphantsi nawasezantsi.
Ukunyamezeka kwabantwana kuye kwaba yingxaki yempilo yehlabathi jikelele; ngokubhekiselele ku-WHO, abantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-40 babesenokuba ngabomkhulu kakhulu ngo-2008, kwaye abantwana abagqithiseleyo banokuthi banokugqithiseleyo kuba badala.
Enyanisweni, mhlawumbi okokuqala ngembali yehlabathi, ukugqithisa nokugqithisela ngoku kungabangela uxanduva lokufa kwabantu emhlabeni jikelele kunokufa ngenxa yokungondleki okanye ukunyuka komzimba. Ehlabathini lonke, ngokweengxelo ze-OMS, i-44 ekhulwini yesifo sikashukela, i-23 ekhulwini yesifo senhliziyo, kunye ne-41 ekhulwini yee-cancer ezithile zibangelwa ukugqithisa nokugqithisa.
Ukunyangwa koTywala kunye noKhusela
Ezi manani zenza unyango kunye nokuthintela ukukhuluphala kwangoko kunxamnye. Abantu ngabanye bangathatha amanyathelo alula ukukhusela ukunyameka nokulwa nempilo yokuhlala , ukufumana imisebenzi emzimbeni imihla ngemihla nokunyamekela ngokutya. Ukuphelisa imithombo yeshukela eyongezelelweyo kunye neekhalori ezingenanto zihamba ngendlela ende ekulawuleni izilwanyana, kwaye ukuqonda okukhulayo kumanqanaba angingqi, kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe ekugqibeleni kuqale ukuguqulela kwimilinganiselo yoluntu kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo.
Ukuba unesisindo okanye ukhuluphele kunene, kha thazeka ukuba ukwazi ukuba zininzi izixhobo ezinokukunceda ulahlekelwe isisindo, uqala ngengxoxo kunye nogqirha wakho wokunyamekela oyintloko malunga nendlela oya kulungile ngayo.
Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ukulahlekelwa ngamaphesenti ama-5 ukuya kwi-10 ekhulwini kwindleko engaphezulu kunokubangela iintlawulo ezinkulu zempilo, kwaye akukaze kube mva ukuqala.
Imithombo :
Allison DB, Fontaine KR, Manson JE, et al. Ukufa kwonyaka kubangelwa ukukhuluphala eMelika. JAMA 1999; 282: 1530-1538.
Calle EE, Thun MJ, Petrelli JM, et al. Isalathisi sobunzima kunye nokufa kwabantu abakwiqela labantu abadala base-US. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1097-1105.
Fontaine KR, Redden DT, Wang C, et al. Iminyaka yobomi ilahlekile ngenxa yokukhuluphala. JAMA 2003; 289: 187-193.
U-Olshansky SJ, uPararo DJ, uHershow RC, et al. Ukunciphisa ukuhla kwexesha lokuphila e-United States kwi-21 leminyaka. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1128-1145.
Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. Ezili-10 iinkcukacha ngokunyanyisa. Ifumaneka kwi-Intanethi kwi-http: //www.who.int/features/factfiles/obesity/facts/en/index3.html ngo-Oktobha 2, 2014.