Ukubonisa iiMpawu zokuLawula ukulahleka
Ukulahlekelwa kokulahlekelwa kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala banokuchaphazela kakhulu impilo. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 e-United States bavezwa kwiinqanaba zengxolo eziyingozi kwintetho yakho. Ukuba ukuva kwakho kwonakaliswe kukudala, unokuba usengozini yokulahleka amathuba okuqhubela phambili xa ungenayo ilahleko yokuphulaphula indlebe. Abantu abadala abanokuphulukana nokuphulaphulwa kweendlebe bavame ukwenza abantu abangaphantsi kwabantu abadala ngokuvavanywa okanye ukulungiswa.
Ukuba awulahlekanga ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe, ngoko uphakathi kwabangama-80 kwabangama-100 abachaphazelekayo abangenzi nto malunga nokuphucula ukuva.
Abantwana abanokulahlekelwa indlebe abangakhange baphathwe kwangoko basengozini enkulu yokuphuculwa kokuphuculwa. Ngokufumana ukuvavanywa kwengane yakho esandula ukuzalwa, kungekhona nje kuphela onokubanceda ukugcina inkqubela yabo yophuhliso, kodwa ulondoloze malunga nama-400,000 amayeza kunyango kamva. Iindleko zokuhlaziya ziyancinci, kunye nezinye iimvavanyo ezinokuthi zenzelwe i-$ 8.
Ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe ekungeyiyo inokuchaphazela kakubi le mimandla yobomi bakho:
- impilo yomzimba
- kwimpilo yengqondo
- impilo Yengqondo
- izakhono zentlalo
- ubudlelwane kunye noontanga, intsapho kunye nabasebenzi
- ukuphumelela kwemfundo kunye nempumelelo
Ngaba Ndifuna Uvavanyo Lokuvalelwa?
Kubantwana, ukuvavanywa rhoqo kweendleko zokuvalelwa kwengozi kufuneka zihlolwe ngabazali bezingane. Ngokutsho kweBright Futures yi-American Academy ye-Pediatrics, kufuneka ukuba iintsana zakho ezisanda kuzalwa zivavanywe kungekudala emva kokuzalwa kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-otoacoustic emission (OAE), kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kuqinisekiswe ngolu vavanyo lwe - brainstory auditing response (BAER) ngaphakathi kwe-3 ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-5 ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-2.
Emva kokuvavanywa kwengane yakho yokuvavanya, izinto ezijongene nobungozi kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo kwiindwendwe zokugcinwa kwezempilo. Izinto ezinobungozi kumntwana wakho ziquka:
- Ukukhathazeka kwabazali ngokulahlekelwa kwindlebe
- Imbali yentsapho yokulahlekelwa kwindlebe
- Inyunithi yonyango enzulu ihlala ngaphezu kweentsuku ezingama-5 njengentsana
- i-ototoxic medication (iyaziwa ngokuba yinto enokubangela ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe)
- imeko ezithile zezempilo kunye nomngcipheko owaziwayo wokulahlekelwa kwindlebe
- i-tube eustachian
- i-otitis media nge-effusion
Ukuba umntwana wakho unaloo mingcipheko, iimvavanyo zendlebe ziya kwenziwa rhoqo rhoqo ukufumanisa ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphandle kweyiphi imingcipheko engasentla, umntwana wakho kufuneka abe nokuvavanywa kwee-audiometry kule minyaka elandelayo:
- kanye nge-4, 5, 6, 8 kunye ne-10 ubudala
- kanye phakathi kweminyaka eyi-11 ukuya kwe-14
- kanye phakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwe-17
- kanye phakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kwe-21
Ukuba awubonisi iimpawu zokulahlekelwa kwindlebe ekube ngumntu omdala, usasafuna ukujonga iliso, kwaye ugqirha wakho uya kukhangela iimpawu zokulahlekelwa kwindlebe ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwakho ngokomzimba ngokuthatha imbali yezempilo kwaye uhlole iindlebe zakho. Bobabini abantwana abadala kunye nabadala banokuqwalasela la manqaku alandelayo ukuze bancede ukuba bachaze ukuba ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kuxoxwa nodokotela wakho:
- Abanye abantu bathetha ukuba uphulaphule i-TV kakhulu.
- Unobungozi emva kokuxoxa nabanye abangaphezu komntu omnye uthetha ngelo xesha.
- Unenkathazo yokuva ngobuninzi beengxolo.
- Ucela abanye ukuba baphinde baziphindaphindiwe rhoqo.
- Unenkathazo yokuva abafazi nabantwana kodwa kungengamadoda.
- Abanye abantu babonakala bexubusha lonke ixesha.
- Usoloko ufumana ukungaqondi kakuhle abanye abantu abakutshoyo.
Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba nayiphi na le nkcazo yinyani, kufuneka ucele ugqirha wakho ukuba akukhumbule ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe. Udokotela ojongene nokuzinyameka unokwenza uvavanyo oluvakalayo lokuvavanya. Ukuphonononga okuqhubekayo iingxaki zengxoxo kungathunyelwa kwi-audiologist okanye kwi- ENT . Oku kuluhlu lweemvavanyo eziqhelekileyo onokuzenza ukuze uhlolisise izinga lakho lokulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
Ukuvavanya ukuvavanya: Ukuvavanya kweVizwi
Isilinganiselo esisebenzayo sokuhlola ukujonga ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kwindlebe enye okanye zombini. Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa lula ngunoma yimuphi ugqirha wengcali jikelele kunye nendlela efanelekileyo yokufumanisa ukuba kufuneka uhanjiswe ukuba uphonononge.
Ukuba ugqirha wakho wenza lo vavanyo, baya kumela emva kwakho emkhatsini wengalo. Baya kuphazamisa indlebe enye ngexesha kwaye baqale ukuxubha i-tragus yendlebe yakho (eyona ipakethe yangaphandle eyenza iiprojekthi malunga nokuvula kwendlebe yakho) ukuze ukhusele ukuphulaphulwa kwelinye icala. Ugqirha wakho uya ku-whisper uchungechunge lweencwadi kunye neenombolo uze uphinde uzibuyisele ngaphambi kokuvavanya enye indlebe.
Ukuvavanywa kweemvavanyo: I-Weber ne-Rinne Ukuvavanya
Uvavanyo olulula lokuhlola ulwaziyo lwakho ngurhulumente kwi-ofisi nguvavanyo lwe-Weber ne-Rinne. Le ndlela yinkqubo yokucoca ukukunceda ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba ngaba kuqhubeka ukuvavanywa. Isixhobo esisodwa esiyimfuneko kule ndlela yokuvavanya yifoloko yokucoca. Akufanele kubekho nayiphi intlungu ehambelana nale vavanyo, nangona uya kuziva utyhafu kwindlebe yakho ngexesha lovavanyo.
Uvavanyo lwe- Weber luyenziwa ngokubetha ifom yokukrola kwizinto eziqinileyo ukwenzela ukuba uqale ukutyhafaza. Ukuphela kwefoloko yokukhangela kuya kuba khona kwibhulorho ebunzini, impumlo okanye amazinyo. Ukuba unesiva esivakalayo, isandi siya kuphakama ngokufanayo kwiindlebe zombini. Ukuba kuphakama kwelinye icala, ugqirha wakho uza kuhlola ukuba luphi uhlobo lokulahlekelwa kwintetho onayo:
- Ukuvakala kwefomathi isandi kakhulu kwindlebe yakho yokuphulaphula indlebe ibonisa ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
- Ukukhwaza kwefomathi isandi kakhulu kwindlebe yakho evelele kakhulu ukubonisa ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
Uvavanyo lwe- Rinne luyenziwa ngokubetha ifom yokukrola kwizinto eziqinileyo ukuze uqalise ukuxubha. Nangona kunjalo ngokungafani novavanyo lwe-Weber, kukho iinxalenye ezimbini kulo mvavanyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kuphelisa umfowuni wokucoca kwiprogram yakho ye-mastoid, engemva kwesahlulo esincinane sendlebe yakho ukuze uvavanye ukuqhutshwa kwethambo lakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kuhambisa umfowenu wokucima emzimbeni wakho, kodwa kufuphi neendlebe zakho, ukuze uvavanye ukuqhuba kwemoya yakho. Impendulo eqhelekileyo kule mvavanyo kukuba kufuneka uve isandi (ukuqhuba umoya) ngaphezu kokuba uzive isandi (ukuqhuba amathambo). Impendulo engavumelekanga ingabonisa ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
Ukuvavanywa kweemvavanyo: iTympanometry
I-Tympanometry yindlela ebonakalayo yokucoca xa isetyenziswe nge-otoscope ye-pneumatic for the fluid in ear that can lead to loss of hearing hearing. Uvavanyo luphumela kwi-tympanogram ebonisa ifom egciniweyo engagqirha ugqirha wakho ukucacisa ubuncwane bokungcola emva kwendonga yakho yeendlebe. Ifom enjengomtsalane ibonisa ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuba isandi kakuhle sisenokudluliselwa njani ngenduku yakho yeendlebe okanye ukuba kungakanani ukukhutshwa. Umtsalane oqingqiweyo uhambelana ne-otitis media.
Uvavanyo lokuvavanya: Ukukhishwa kwe-Otoacoustic
Uvavanyo lwe-Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) luvavanyo lokukhetha abantwana. Ekubeni iziphumo azifunanga impendulo kumntu, olu vavanyo lungaba luncedo ekuphutheni ukuphuculwa okanye ezinye iziphazamiso ezikwenza nzima ukulandela imiyalelo. I-OAE imilinganiselo impendulo ye- cochlea izandi kwaye inokukunceda ukuvavanya i-cochlear ukungasebenzi okanye ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
Ukuvavanywa kweemvavanyo: I-Audiometry echanekileyo ye-Audiometry (Audiogram)
I-audiogram yindlela yokuhlola yokuqhelekileyo. Ukuze wenze olu vavanyo, i-audiologist izakuhlala kwindawo yokuthula. Kukho iinxalenye ezimbini zale vavanyo ukwenzela ukuvavanya ukuqhutshwa komoya kunye nokukhubazeka kweethambo. Iifowuni zisetyenziselwa ukuhlola ukuqhutshwa komoya, ngelixa i-oscillator yesithambo (isixhobo esincinci esenza iforki ye-tuning) siya kufakwa emva kwendlebe yakho phezu kwe-mastoid yakho ukuvavanya ukuhamba kwethambo. Isixhobo ngasinye siya kusetyenziswa ii-frequencies ezahlukahlukeneyo ukwenzela ukuba ufumane umyinge ophantsi (kwi-decibels) apho ungayiva isandi se-50 sexesha.
Emva kokuba olu vavanyo lwenziwa, ugqirha uya kusebenzisa imilinganiselo efunyenwe ekuvavanyeni ukuqinisekisa ukuba luphi uhlobo lokulahlekelwa kwintetho ozijongayo. Xa ukhangela i-audiogram yakho, uza kubona igrafu ebonisa umgca we-X kunye no-O. I-X ibonisa iziphumo zakho zeendlebe ezisekhohlo, ngelixa i-O ibonisa ukuva kwakho kwindlebe yakho yekunene. I-axis ecacileyo yesigrafu imele izinga eliphansi kakhulu (kwi-decibels) ukuba uve isandi. Ukufikelela okucwangcisiweyo kubonisa umgca ovivinywayo. Oku kuya kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba aqonde ukuba yiyiphi intsholongwane ejongene nokulahlekelwa kwindlebe kunye nendlela ukulahlekelwa kwakho kwindlebe.
Uvavanyo lokuvavanya: Intetho ye-Audiometry
Intetho ye-audiometry yinto enzima yokuvavanya ukuqinisekisile i-audiogram, kwaye uchonge ukuba ingaba uncedo lokuphulaphula luya kuba luncedo. Kwakhona kuncedo ekuboneni ukuba umonakalo weentetho zenzekile. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuvavanywa, uhlolwe kwizinga eliphantsi kakhulu lomthamo apho uphinda ubuye ulandelelwano lwamagama amabini alwimi kunye nama-50 echanekileyo. Isiphumo, okanye umgca wokufumana intetho (SRT) , kufuneka ukuba isondele kakhulu kwiziphumo ze-audiometry ezibonakalisiweyo.
Inxalenye yesibini yolu vavanyo lwentetho ye-audiometry yimiba yokubandlulula. Olu vavanyo lusetyenziswa uluhlu lwamagama angama-50 alinganayo apho uya kucelwa ukuba uphinda igama ngalinye. Uluhlu lufundwa kumgangatho wama-decibel angama-40 aphezulu kunokuba umyinge uthathelwe kwingxenye yokuqala yovavanyo lwakho. Le ngxenye yolu vavanyo enokukunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba aqinisekise ukuba uncedo lokuphulaphula luya kusebenza kuwe okanye cha.
Olu vavanyo lunokubaluleka ngokukhethekileyo kuba abantu abangama-80 abangama-100 abajongene nokulahlekelwa kwindlebe abagqokanga ukuncedwa kwindlebe, kodwa banokuzuza kunye. Njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, oku kunokukuchaphazela ekufundeni, kwintlalo kunye nakwizakhono.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Academy yePediatrics. (2017). Iingcebiso zoNcedo lweMpilo lweZonyango. Kufumaneka ngo-Ephreli 25, 2017 ukusuka kwi-https: //www.aap.org/en-us/Documents/periodicity_schedule.pdf
> Haddad, J & Keesecker, S. (2016). Ncwadana yeeNzululwazi. 20 th . Elsevier. 3071-3080.e1
> Ukuvalelwa kweMbutho weMali yaseMelika. (nd). Ukuvalela Ukulahleka Kwamanani & Izibalo. http://www.hearingloss.org/sites/default/files/docs/HearingLoss_Facts_Statistics.pdf
> Kelly, NR. (2017). Ukuhlolwa kweemvavanyo kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo. Kufumaneka ngo-Ephreli 25, 2017 ukusuka kwi-http: //www.uptodate.com (Ubhaliso olufunekayo)
> Weber, PC. (2017). Ukuvavanya ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kubantu abadala: Ukuvavanya. Kufumaneka ngo-Ephreli 25, 2017 ukusuka kwi-http: //www.uptodate.com (Ubhaliso olufunekayo)