Inkcazo yoBuloyi
Ugqirha yinkqubo yokubonelela ngonyango ngomzimba. Ngokwesiko, oku kuye kwakuthetha ukwenza i-incision kunye nokwenza inkqubo, okanye ukuhlola inxalenye echaphazelekayo yomzimba, ngokusebenzisa loo nto. Uphando luye lwaguquka kakhulu kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo, kangangokuthi ezinye iintlobo zokuhlinzwa azisayi kudingwa, kwaye ukuba inkqubela phambili ngokukhawuleza inokushiya izigulane zidideke ngolu hlobo olutsha nolwazi oluninzi olukhoyo.
Ukuba uye watshelwa ukuba udinga ukuhlinzwa, okanye ukuba ufanele ucinge ukuba utyando, mhlawumbi unemibuzo emininzi kwaye usenokuziva utyhalwa yinkqubo. Ngoxa ukucwangcisa ukuhlinzwa kungabangela uxinzelelo kwaye kunzima ngamanye amaxesha, inyaniso kukuba ngaphezu kwezigidi zabantu baseMelika banomsebenzi ophandleyo wokucwangcisa ngeveki nganye, kwaye ngelixa ukucwangcisa ukuba utyando lunokubangela uxinzelelo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha inyathelo elibhekiselele kwimpilo engcono kunye nokuphila kakuhle.
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I-Asymmetry yeQumrhu: Kutheni Isinye Isandla okanye Isifuba Esikhulu?
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Ubume bemiSebenzi yoTyhulwa loTywala
Imiqathango yokuvuthwa ngokuqhelekileyo
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukucwangcisa utyando lwakho, kufuneka uqhelane nesigama esisisiseko sokuhlinzwa ukuze uqonde kakuhle icebo lwenkqubo yakho. Nazi ezinye iigama eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo xa utyando lujoliswe:
Ukuguqulwa kwesifo: Le yinkqubo eyenziwa esibhedlele ngokulindela ukuba isiguli siya kuhlala ubusuku ubuncinane ngosuku.
Ugqirha okanye Usuku Lokuhlinzwa Ngonyango: Inqubo eyenziwa kwisibhedlele okanye kwisiko lokuhlinzwa ngokulindela ukuba isiguli siya ekhaya emva kokuvusa ngokupheleleyo kwi-anesthesia.
Ukuvuthwa okufutshane (iLaparoscopic) Ukuhlinzwa: Le yindlela entsha yokuhlinzwa apho kukho izinto ezincinci ezenziwe ngayo, endaweni yendlela yokugqirha yendabuko apho kusetshenziselwa ukusetyenziswa okude. Olu hlobo lotyando ludinga ixesha elifutshane lokubuyisela ngaphandle kwenkqubo efanayo usebenzisa ukuhlutha okukhulu.
Uvulo lweNdabuko: Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusebenzisa isiqhelo esisodwa, ubude obude ukwenza inkqubo.
I-Robotic Surgery: I- robot isetyenziselwa ukwenza utyando , kunye nodokotela ohlinzayo okhokela "izandla" zebhobhothi. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa rhoqo xa kukho ukuhamba okuncane kwesandla kunokutshintsha isiphumo senkqubo, njengoko "isandla" sombhobho ngaphezu kwesandla somntu.
Ugqirha olukhethiweyo: Olu lugqirha olungenakufunwa unyango. Ukuhlinzwa okhethwayo kwenziwa ngokuzikhethela kwaye kungahle kube yinto yokucoca, okanye ukuphucula ubomi kodwa kungabalulekanga.
Isigqibo sokuba Utyando
Ukuba ucinga ngokuhlinzwa, wena okanye umntu omthandayo unokufumana uncedo lwezonyango lwenkqubo, okanye unokunganeliseki ngembonakalo yakho.
Usenokuba nobuhlungu obuya kukhululeka kunye nenkqubo, okanye ubomi bakho bunokululwa ngoncedo lokungenelela. Ezi zizathu, kunye nezinye ezininzi, zikhokelela abantu ukuba benze unyango imihla ngemihla.
Kwizigulane ezingaqinisekanga ukuba zifuna ukuhlinzwa, umbono wesibini uyinto enhle. Oku, kubandakanywa ukuthetha nodokotela wesibini ukuba abone oko akucebisayo njengonyango. Kungabonakala kungenangqiqo ukubona udokotela ogqirha ngokungaqhutywayo , kodwa kumntu ofuna ukuphepha ukuhlinzwa kuzo zonke iindleko, ukuthetha nodokotela ogqirha kunokuba lukhulu malunga nokuhlola ezinye iindlela kunokucwangcisa inkqubo. Iindaba ezilungileyo zezigulane zonyango, nokuba zifuna ukuhlinzwa okanye zikhetha enye, yiyo iMagare, iMedicaid, kunye neenkqubo ezininzi ze-inshorensi ziya kuhlawula ngombono wesibini.
Kwizigulane abanqwenela ukuhlinzwa, ngokuthethi ukuba ayikho into efanelekileyo. Kukho amaxesha apho inkqubo inokuba neenzuzo, kodwa isigulane asizimisele ukuhamba nenkqubo yezizathu zakhe.
Ukuthi u-oya kutshitshiswa lilungelo lalo lonke isigulane, kwaye ngelixa kunokukhokelela ekungaboni ngaso lentsapho kunye nabahlobo, isigqibo sisesigulini ekupheleni.
Kwabanye, ukuthatha indlela encinci yokunyanga ingabethandwa. Izigulane ezininzi zibona ukuhlinzwa njengento yokugqibela, kunokukhetha okokuqala kunyango. Kuba kwezi gulane, unyango lomzimba, amayeza, utshintsho lweendlela zokuphila, kunye nezinye iintlobo zongenelelo ezinokuthandwa.
Izigaba zoPhando
Utyando luvame ukuphuka zibe zigaba eziza kunceda iqela imisebenzi efuneka ukuba igqitywe ngexesha elithile. Kukho izigaba ezintathu eziphambili:
- I-Preoperative yiyigaba eqala ngokucinga ngokuhlinzwa kwaye ihlala idlule kwenkqubo.
- Isigaba sokusebenza yinkqubo ngokwalo, ukungena kwigumbi lokusebenza kude kube yilapho ushiya.
- Isigaba sokusebenza emva kokuqala xa utyando lugqityiwe kwaye uqala ukuqala.
Eli thuba liye libhekiselele kulo lonke uphuhliso lwamava kwaye luquka zonke izigaba ezintathu.
Isigaba sokuSebenza kwangaphambi kokuPhepha
Isigaba sokuqala, okanye ixesha ngaphambi kwenkqubo yakho, yithuba lakho elihle lokucwangcisa nokulungiselela ukufumana isiphumo esiphumelele kwisiphumo sakho.
Eli lixesha xa usebenzisa ixesha lokuphanda udokotela ogqithiseleyo kwiimeko zakho, qi niseka ukuba ukhethe ugqirha onokukwazi ukwenza utyando lwakho.
Uya kudibana nomhlinzeki wakho wezinyango kunye nomhlinzeki we-anesthesia . Yilapho uza kunikwa ithuba lokubuza imibuzo oyifunayo ukuphendula kwisigqibo esithile emva kokufunda malunga nobungozi bokuhlinzwa . Uyakwazi ukuxoxa ngohlobo lwe-anesthesia oya kufumana, ingozi yaloo-anesthesia , oya kubonelela, apho utyando luya kwenziwa khona, kunye nento onokulindela ukuyenza xa uphila. Oku kukuphinda uhlolisise iindlela ezongezelelweyo zokuhlinzwa kwaye uqonde ukuba ngaba utyando lukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Uya kufuneka kwakhona uthathe ixesha lokulungiselela imali kwinkqubo yakho, ukuqinisekisa ukuba wenza uninzi lwe-inshurensi yakho, ulungiselela ikhefu emsebenzini, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ulungele ukuthatha ixesha kude nomsebenzi kunye okanye ngaphandle kwentlawulo . Unokusebenza kunye nesibhedlele okanye isikhungo sokuhlinzwa ukuze uqinisekise iindleko ezilindelekileyo zenkqubo , ukuqinisekisa ukuba uquka iindleko ezifihliweyo ezingenakufakwa kwi-bill yokuqala-njenge-anesthesia-ziqwalaselwa. I-inshurensi yakho inokuhlawula ipesenti ephakamileyo yebhilidi kwindawo enye kunye ngaphantsi komnye; unganqikazi ukubiza umnini-nkonzo wakho we-inshurensi kwaye ubuze malunga neepesenti zerhafu. Ukuba awunayo i-inshurensi , uya kufuneka usebenze ngokusondeleyo kunye nesibhedlele kunye nodokotela ohlinzayo ukuze wenze amalungiselelo emali.
Kweminye, ukuhlinzwa kungadinga ukulungiswa komzwelo. Ezinye izigulane azikho mfuneko yokuphuhlisa izakhono zokubhekana nokuhlangabezana nokufuna ukuhlinzwa, kodwa abanye kufuneka basebenze ukuba bazilungiselele ngokwabo uphando, kunye nesigaba sokubuyisela. Abantwana kaninzi badinga uncedo olulungiselela ukuhlinzwa ngendlela engabangela ukwesaba kunye nokuxhalaba, kwaye oko kulungele iminyaka yabo kunye nokukwazi ukuqonda ulwazi lwezempilo.
Ngaphandle kokukhetha ugqirha ofanelekileyo, ukulungiselela umzimba kungona nto ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba ugulane unokwenza ukuba uphumelele ekusebenzeni ngophando kwaye ngokukhawuleza isigaba sokubuyisela siphelile. Oku kuthetha ukuphucula impilo yakho yonke indlela. Ukuyeka ukutshaya ukutshaya nokuqhuba umthambo wokuziphatha nokuphucula ukulawula isifo sikashukela , ukuya ekuvuthweni okunempilo kangangoko kunokuthi ukuhlala esibhedlele esifutshane, ukuphumelela kwexesha elide kunye nokubuyela ngokukhawuleza kumsebenzi oqhelekileyo.
Eli lixesha lokulungiselela ukubuyela ekhaya ukusuka ekutyunjeni. Oku kungenakuba yinkxalabo kubantu ngabanye abanenkqubo encinci yokugula, kodwa kubantu abaya kushiya kwiintonga okanye ukuchitha iintsuku ezilibhedlele esibhedlele, ukucwangcisa ukubuyisela ekhaya ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo iya kuthetha ukubuyiswa okulula. Ucwangciso lwakho luyahluka kwiimfuno zakho. Kwabanye, kuthetha ukufumana inja yeenja; kwabanye abaphakamisa izithintelo, kuya kuthetha ukuthatha umntu ukuba abancedise ukuthwala izinto; umntu onomda wokushayela uya kufuna iimfuno zokuqhuba.
Isigaba sokuSebenza: Ngethuba loPhando
Le nxalenye yokuhlinzwa iphathelene ne- anesthesia kunye nenkqubo yokupasa. Eli qalo liqala xa ungena kwigumbi lokusebenza kwaye uphela xa inkqubo igqityiwe kwaye i-anesthesia igqityiwe. Isicwangciso sakho siya kuhlawula kwisigaba sokusebenza xa ugqirha onguchwephesha ekuboneleleni ngononophelo oyifunayo kunye nomnikezeli we-anesthesia oqonda izidingo zakho ezikhethekileyo enze inkqubo yakho.
IsiGaba sokuSebenza emva kokuPhepha
Esi sigaba siqala xa inkqubo yakho iphelile. Uya kutshintshwa kwindawo yendawo apho uza kuphinda ufumane ukuhlinzwa, apho abaninzi banokumangalisa ukufumanisa ukuba le nkqubo sele igqityiwe. Esi sigaba siyaqhubeka size uzuze ngokubanzi kunokwenzeka ukusuka ekutyunjeni. Kweminye ithetha ukubuyela ekhaya nokuthatha i-nap; kwabanye, ukulungiswa kwindlela yokwenza unyango lomzimba kunye nokunyangwa kwonyango kunokufuneka.
Inkxalabo enkulu eninzi yezigulane zivakalisa ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa, ukwesaba ukufumana iintlungu ezinkulu emva kwenkqubo. Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu kuqhutywe ngugqirha, kwaye nangona intlungu ihlala ikhona emva kokuhlinzwa, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokujongana nazo, ukuthintela nokunyanga iintlungu ezinokuphucula kakhulu amava akho. Intlungu yokupasa ivame ukulawulwa ngugqirha, oya kunika imimiselo (ukuba kuyimfuneko) kunye neengcomo zokuphucula intlungu xa isigulane sikhululiwe.
Ubuhlungu buyinto ekhohlakeleyo, kwaye ukuphululeka kwintlungu efanelekileyo kubalulekile ukukhusela i-pneumonia, inkathazo efanayo emva kokuhlinzwa kwizigulane eziphepha ukukhwehlela ngenxa yentlungu. Kukho ezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo emva kokuhlinzwa, njengento yokuqhawulwa, eninzi inokuthi igwenywe.
Yazi apho uceba ukufumana khona. Kwabanye, ukuhlala kwisibonelelo sokuvuselela unyango lwangonyango kunye nocwangciso lwezonyango olucwangcisiweyo; kwabanye, ukuhlala kwikhaya lomthandayo iintsuku ezimbalwa zonke uncedo oluyidingayo. Ukwazi ukuba uza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani kwaye uza kwenzeka ntoni kunceda ngokukulindela uncedo oluya kufunwa.
Injongo emva kokuhlinzwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukubuyela kumsebenzi ofanayo owawunayo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, okanye umsebenzi ongcono. Umntu ophephe ukuhamba ngenxa yentlungu unokuzifumana ezithatha ixesha elide emva kokuphulukana nokuguqulwa kwamadolo, kwaye izigulane zokugonywa kwe-cataract zingazithola zifunda iincwadi ezininzi.
> Imithombo:
> Umbono wesibini phambi kokuhlinzwa. Kufinyeleleka ngoSeptemba, 2016. https://www.medicare.gov/what-medicare-covers/part-b/second-opinions- phambi kokusasazwa.html
> I-Medicare Coverage of Facilities abaneZakhono zoLondolozo. Kufumaneka ngoSeptemba, 2016. https://www.medicare.gov/Pubs/pdf/10153.pdf
> Ukunyuka kweeNdleko zokulinganisa iindleko. Kufumaneka ngoSeptemba, 2016. https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/surgery-estimating-costs.html