Uvavanyo lwezeMpilo zeBasetyhini
Ngaba uyazi ukuba njengabasetyhini, sonke sifuna ukuba neemvavanyo ezithile zonyango kunye nokuhlolwa kwempilo kubomi bethu? Ngokomzekelo, ngaba uyayazi ukuba umbono kunye nokuvalelwa kwindlebe kunconywa ngexesha lemihla emibini yobomi bakho? Funda ukuba kutheni sifuna lezi ziboniso zempilo.
Test Test
Uvavanyo lwePap okanye i-Pap smear kubalulekile kubo bonke abasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-21 nangaphezulu.
Abancinci abasetyhini abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-21 bafuna iimvavanyo zePap zisuka kwiminyaka emithathu yokuqala kokuqala kwesondo. Uvavanyo lwamaPap, olusungulwa nguDkt. George Papanicolaou ngawo-1950, lubona utshintsho olungavamile kwiseli yomlomo ongabangela umdlavuza wesibeleko ukuba awunakufunyanwa yiP Pap smears.
Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kovavanyo lwePap, umdlavuza wesibeleko yimbangela ebangela ukuba umdlavuza usweleke kubafazi. Ndiyabulela uphando lukaDkt. Papanicolaou kunye nomsebenzi wakhe onzima ophuhlisa i-Pap smear, umdlavuza wesibeleko ngoku unesi-15, phakathi kwezinto ezibangela ukufa komhlaza kubasetyhini abanama-3,700 abafazi ababulawa ngumhlaza wesibeleko unyaka ngamnye.
Okunye: Yintoni eyenzeka ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwePelvic kunye nePap Test
Mammograms
Iziphakamiso zokuba ziqalwe nini i-mammography zonyaka ziyahluka phakathi kootitshala bezempilo. Amanye amaqela, kuquka i-American Cancer Society kunye ne-American College of Obstetricians kunye neGynecologists batusa ukumenywa kwe-mammography ekuqalekeni kwiminyaka engama-40, ngelixa amanye amaqela eengcali kuquka i-American College of Physicians kunye ne-American Academy of Family Physicians, i-US Preventative Services kwi-Task Force, njengoko kunye neCanada Task Force kwi-Periodic Health Examination isincomo sokuhlolwa kwonyaka ukususela kwiminyaka engama-50.
Ezi zintlukwano zibangelwa ukuba amaqela ancomela ama-mammograms aqala kwiminyaka engama-50 akholelwa ukuba ingozi yokuchithwa kwemisebe ingaphaya kweenzuzo zokuboniswa kweemvavanyo eziqala ekuqaleni.
Abasetyhini abasetyhini abasemngciphekweni wokuphucula umdlavuza wamabele nabo bafuna imimmograms yonyaka njengoko iyalwe ngamagqirha abo.
Amammograms aphephile, angenabuhlungu, kwaye ayimfuneko ukufunyanwa kwangaphambili komhlaza webele. Xa kufumaneka ekuqaleni, umlinganiselo wokusinda komhlaza wesibeleko weminyaka emihlanu ufikelela kuma-96%, ngokweSiseko seNtsholongwane kaGawulayo.
Okunye: Mammography Screening
Uvavanyo lwe-Bone Density
Uvavanyo lokuxinwa kwe-Bone yinkqubo elula kunye engenabuhlungu. Ukuvavanya ukulahlekelwa kwethambo kuyimfuneko kubo bonke abasetyhini abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65, kunye nabasetyhini abasebancinci abanezinto ezinobungozi, kunye nabo bonke abasetyhini abane-hysterectomy. I-osteoporosis, kwiimeko ezininzi, ibangela ukulahlekelwa kwethambo elikhulu kunye nokuphuhliswa kweethambo zomzimba. Esi sifo, ukuba asifumaneki kwaye siphathwe kusasa, siholela amathambo awonakalayo aphuka kalula. NgokweSiseko seSizwe se-Osteoporosis, abafazi abangaphezu kwe-1.5 yezigidi nabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 banamava ahlobene ne-osteoporosis ngonyaka. Ngethamsanqa, ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwe-osteoporosis ngokuhlolwa kwethambo ukuxilonga kuyaphathwa ngemishanguzo eyeke ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo kwaye ingakwazi ukuguqula ezinye ilahleko zethambo ezenzeka ngaphambi kokuxilongwa.
Okunye: I- Osteoporosis: Ingozi kunye nokukhusela
Uxinzelelo lwegazi
Umxinzelelo ophezulu wegazi, owaziwa nangokuthi ingozi yexinzelelo, uthintela ubuncinane abantu abayizigidi ezingama-50, okanye omnye wabantu abahlanu, eUnited States.
Uxinzelelo lwexinzelelo luyenzeka xa ukufundwa kwengcinezelo yegazi kuphakama ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphezu kwe-140/90.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uxinzelelo lwegazi lunokuba luphantsi kakhulu. Xa oku kwenzeka, izigulane zifumana uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi okanye i-hypotension. I-hypotension iyenzeka xa ukufundwa kwengcinezelo yegazi kuhla kakhulu kunesiqhelo kwisigulane. Iimpawu eziphambili ze-hypotension zibandakanya ukuzondla okanye ukuziva kukhanya kunye neentloko. Abantu bathabatha iyeza zokunyanga kwengcinezelo yegazi abaqala ukufumana le mpawu kufuneka bahlole ababoneleli bezempilo ukuba baqinisekise ukuba imishanguzo yegazi yegazi isebenze kakuhle okanye ukuba inguqu yonyango iyimfuneko.
Inombolo ephezulu ekufundeni kwengcinezelo yegazi, ebizwa ngokuba nguxinzelelo lwe-systolic, ingakanani yamandla okanye uxinzelelo olubhekiselele kwimibhobho ngexesha lokubetha kwentliziyo, ngelixa inani elisezantsi okanye i-diastolic limela ubuninzi bexinzelelo kwimibhobho ephakathi kwentsimbi yeentliziyo.
Okunye: Izibonakaliso zengcinezelo yegazi ephezulu
Uvavanyo lwe-STD
Nanini na xa ucinga ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kwezifo zesifo socansi (STD) kwenzeka, qha ga mshelana nomboneleli wakho wonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuze uvavanywe. Ubunjani nawuphi na uhlobo lokukhutshwa kwamanzi okungaqhelekanga kufuneka lube luqaphile ukuze ubone ugqirha wakho, ngokunjalo. Ukuba ne-vaginal discharge engavamile ayithethi ukuba i-STD ikhona; Nangona kunjalo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwesisu ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisa ubukho be-STD okanye isifo sesisu.
Okunye: Iingoma kunye neenyaniso malunga neengozi ze-STD
Uvavanyo lwe-HIV rhoqo
Ngokwezikhokelo zeCDC, wonke umntu obona ugqirha okanye ngubani isigulane kwindawo yokuxakeka kufuneka afumane uvavanyo lwe-HIV ngokuqhelekileyo. I-CDC ikholelwa ukuba ukuhlolwa kovavanyo lwe-HIV rhoqo kuya kubangela ukuhla kwe-30% ekusasazeni kwe-HIV, intsholongwane ebangela i-AIDS.
Okunye: IiNtsholongwane kumaTyhini
Ukuqhathaniswa kweCholesterol
Uvavanyo lwe-cholesterol lunceda ukuqikelela ingozi nganye yokuphuhliswa kwesifo senhliziyo. Iimvavanyo ze-cholesterol zifunekayo rhoqo kwiminyaka emihlanu yabantu abadala. Ezinye iimvavanyo eziquka i-HDL kunye ne-LDL ye-cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides, kunye kunye, ebizwa ngokuba yiprofayili yefayidi idla ngokuqhutywa ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol ithi iLabs Online. Iimvavanyo ze-Cholesterol kufuneka zinikezelwe kuphela kwizigulane eziphilileyo kuba ezinye iintlobo zesifo zingabangela iziphumo zokuvavanya eziphantsi. Abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka bafune ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol ngexesha lokukhulelwa ekubeni ukukhulelwa kaninzi kubangele ngaphezu kwamanani e-cholesterol evamile. Xa izigulane zithatha imithi yonyango yokunciphisa i-cholesterol, ukuvavanya kwenzeka kaninzi ukuze ubone ukuba isigulane sisabela njani kunyango.
Okunye: Iintsholongwane zentliziyo kwabesetyhini
Uvavanyo lweCrorectal Cancer
Ukuhlola rhoqo umhlaza wekoloni, njengama-colonoscopies, kufuneka uqale kwizigulane ngexesha lokugqibela kwee-toties ukuya kuma-50. I-Colonoscopy kufuneka iqale, ngenxa yezigulane ezininzi, kwiminyaka engama-50 kwaye kufuneka iqhutywe yonke iminyaka eyi-10 elandelayo. Izigulane ezinomdla owaziwayo kufuneka zilandele iingcebiso zabanikeli bezempilo ukuze baqale ukufumana lo vavanyo. I-American Cancer Society, kunye neminye imibutho yezempilo, icebisa ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kovavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-fecal blood culture kubantu abadala emva kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili komdlavuza wekoloni kunyuse kakhulu inani leminyaka emihlanu lokusinda esi sifo esibuhlungu ukuya kuma-90%; Nangona kunjalo, ukuxilongwa komhlaza wokuqala we-colorectal kwenzeka kuphela ngo-39% wexesha. Ukuba nale mivavanyo kwixesha eliphakanyisiweyo, okanye njengoko lathiswe ngumniki-nkonzo wakho wezempilo, yindlela efanelekileyo yokubamba umdlavuza ogqithiseleyo ngelixa isesekuqaleni.
UkuCoca kweCanscer Screening
Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wesikhumba kubangelwa ngamaxesha amaninzi ngonyaka kwiUnited States kunanoma yimuphi na uhlobo lomhlaza. Nangona umdlavuza wamaphaphu ubangela umdla wokufa komhlaza, umdlavuza wesikhumba uvela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kakhulu, okwenza ukuba kube nombolo yesifo somhlaza kwi-United States Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba akunzima ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba unomdlavuza womhlaza wesikhumba unakho. Izixeko ezininzi ezise-United States zinika umdlavuza wesikhumba sikhululekile, ngokuqhelekileyo ngoMeyi, kwizibhedlele zasekhaya. Abasebenzi baseDermatologists basekhaya bayeka uMgqibelo, ngeli xesha, ukukunceda ukufumanisa umdlavuza wesikhumba kunokwenzeka nabani na ovelayo kweso siganeko. Ezi zifo zengqondo zomhlaza zesikhumba ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka ukugxotha, ukubeka isigulo sesibhedlele, nokulinda ugqirha ukuba eze kwigumbi lokuhlola ukuhlola ulusu phezu komzimba wonke. Oku akuqhelekanga kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kwaye unike ithuba lokuxoxisana nayiphi na imibuzo okanye ukukhathazeka onokuyenza malunga nomhlaza wesikhumba.
Uninzi: Iintlobo zeCanscercer
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela
Izigulane ezinobungozi besifo sikashukela udidi lwe-2 (umntu omdala oswele isifo sikashukela) kufuneka afumane ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose yokuzila okanye ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose ukunyamezela yonke iminyaka emithathu ukususela kwiminyaka engama-45. Imiba yengozi yabantu abadala abavela kwisifo sikashukela iquka:
- Imbali yentsapho ye-Type 1 okanye ye-Type 2 yeswekile
- Abafazi abafumana isifo sikashukela ngexesha lokukhulelwa
- Emva kokubeletha usana oluye lwaba ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-9 ekuzalweni
- Umxinzelelo ophezulu wegazi okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi
- Ukuba yinxalenye yentsapho enenkcubeko yenkcubeko yaseAfrika, iSpanishi, iNative American, okanye i-Pacific Island
- Ukusebenzisa okuncinci okanye akukho msebenzi
Okunye: Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela
Ukubonwa komboniso
Abantu abadala abaneminyaka eyi-18 nangaphezulu kufuneka babe neemviwo zamehlo nganye okanye kwiminyaka emibili de kube yiminyaka eyi-61, xa i-American Optometric Association incoma ukuba ukuhlolwa kwonyaka ukuhlolwa kufuneka kuqale. Abantu abadala abaneemeko zamehlo eziqhubekayo kufuneka babone i-optometrist ngokuqhelekileyo njengoko ugqirha ugunyazisa. Ukongezelela koko, izigulane ezinobungozi besifo sikashukela ezifana nokunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi, imbali yentsapho yezifo ezinjenge glaucoma kunye nokuchithwa kwemvelo, abantu abasebenza kwimisebenzi efuna imilingo ebonakalayo, izigulane ezinxibayo, abo bathabatha imithi rhoqo okanye Iimviwo ze-OTC ezineempembelelo ezinxulumene nombono, kwaye abantu abanezinye iimeko zempilo ezichaphazela amehlo bangadinga ukubonwa kweemboniselo.
Uvavanyo lokuva
Ukulahleka kokuphulaphuka kuxhaphakile kwaye kuqhubeka phakathi kwabantu abadala. Nangona uvavanyo lokuvavanya luvolontiya, uMbutho we-American Speech-Language-Hearing ucebisa ukuvavanya kwindlebe kubantu abadala minyaka yonke eyi-10 kubantu abadala ngokufikelela kwiminyaka engama-50 xa rhoqo ukuvalelwa kweentlanganiso kufuneka kwenzeke. Xa uneminyaka eyi-50, iimvavanyo zokuvalelwa kufuneka zenzeke emva kweminyaka emithathu. Inyaniso kukuba ngaphezulu kwama-30% abantu abangaphezu kwama-65 abanokulahlekelwa kwindlebe, aba-14% abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-45 ukuya kuma-64 nabo banamava okulahlekelwa, kunye nabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-8 phakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 no-44 banalo uhlobo lokulahlekelwa kwintetho.
> Imithombo:
> Uvavanyo lwePap yeCervical Screening Test; CDC; http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/basic_info/screening/.
> UkuQaphela kwangaphambili; Isiseko soMhlaza weNtsholongwane kaZwelonke; http://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/early_detection/index.html.
> I-National Osteoporosis Foundation; http://www.nof.org.
> Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu; IThala leNcwadi kaZwelonke lezeMpilo; http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/highbloodpressure.html.
> I-Cholesterol - Uvavanyo; Uvavanyo lweLeb kwi-intanethi; http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/cholesterol/test.html.
> Ukuhlola i-Type 2 yeswekile; ZeMpilo; http://www.genetichealth.com/DBTS_Screening_for_Type_2_Diabetes.shtml.
> I-Eye yabantu abadala kunye neMboniselo yoVavanyo; I-National Guideline Clearinghouse kunye ne-American Optometric Association; http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?ss=15&doc_id=8464&nbr=4725.
> Ukuvalela Ukulahlekelwa Kwabantu abadala; I-American Speech-Language - Hearing Association; http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/testing#adults.