Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lukunceda ukukhokela nokubeka iliso unyango lwe-HIV
Ukuba unentsholongwane kaGawulayo, ugqirha wakho uza kucela rhoqo ibhetri yeemvavanyo zegazi ukubeka iliso ngokufanelekileyo nokuvavanya:
- urhulumente wakho omzimba (i- CD4 count , i- CD8 count )
- kwinqanaba lomsebenzi wentsholongwane emzimbeni wakho ( umthamo wentsholongwane kaGawulayo )
- njani isibindi sakho sibhekene nentsholongwane yakho yentsholongwane kaGawulayo ( iimvavanyo zomsebenzi wesibindi )
- njani iinjongo zakho zijongene nokunyanga kwe-HIV ( uvavanyo lweengqondo )
Okuphambili kule miviwo yile mvavanyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-total blood count (CBC). Le ndlela yokufunda iyalinganisa ukubunjwa kweeseli zakho zegazi ezahlukeneyo ukwenzela ukuba ubhenkisele nayiphi na utshintsho olungawela ngaphandle kwezinto eza kuthathwa njengoluhlu "oluqhelekileyo".
Ngokwenza njalo, i-CBC iyakwazi ukuchonga (kunye nokukhusela) ukuphuhliswa kwemiphumo echaphazelekayo yonyango, kunye nokufumanisa nayiphi na ingxaki echaphazelekayo nokusuleleka kuGawulayo.
Uvavanyo lulinganisa amacandelo amaninzi okanye iimpawu zegazi lakho, kuquka neeseli zegazi ezimhlophe, iiseli zegazi ezimnyama, kunye neeplatelet. Iimvavanyo zenziwa rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya ku-12, kodwa zinokulawulwa rhoqo kwiimeko zokugula okanye ukuba ukubalwa kweeseli kuthathwa njengento engaqinisekiyo okanye "inxantathu."
Yintoni i-White Blood Cell Count (WBC)?
Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe , ezibizwa ngokuba yi-leukocytes, ziyi-subset yeeseli eziveliswe kumnyo wegazi, enjongo yakhe ephambili kukulwa nokusuleleka.
Inani elimhlophe legazi (WBC) lwenziwa njengenxalenye yeCBC ukulinganisa la maseli.
Ixabiso eliphezulu okanye eliphantsi leWBC lingabonisa ukuphuhliswa kwesifo okanye ingxaki kwaye ingasetyenzwa oogqirha ukuba bafumane ukuba ngaba utshintsho lunxulumene nosulelo, isiphumo sesigxina sesinye sezidakamizwa, okanye ezinye iimeko ezifana nokucinezeleka, umonakalo wesisu, .
Kwimeko yentsholongwane kaGawulayo, i-WBC ephakamileyo ngokubanzi ithetha ukuba umzimba wakho ulwa nentsholongwane, iimpawu zazo ezinokuthi zingabonakali. Ezinye iimvavanyo zingasetyenziselwa ukucacisa isizathu esibalulekileyo solu tshintsho.
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-WBC ephantsi ibonisa ukuba ezinye izifo, nokuba zihlobene ne-HIV okanye ezingenayo i-HIV, zichaphazela amandla omnatha weethambo ukuvelisa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Xa le meko (ebizwa ngokuthi yi-cytopenia okanye i-leukopenia) iyenzeka, umzimba awukwazi ukulwa nesifo.
Phakathi kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezimhlophe ziyi- CD4 "umncedisi" ii-T-cell kunye neCD8 "umbulali" weeseli zeT-cell , ezilandelana ngokulandelelana iimpendulo zomzimba kwaye zijolise ekunciphiseni intsholongwane.
Ukongezelela, kukho iiseli ezibizwa ngokuthi ii-macrophages, iiseli ze-dendritic kunye neeseli zeLangerhans ezibandakanya inxalenye yempendulo ye-immune yomzimba (eyakhelwe ngaphakathi). Ezi iiseli zisebenza njengendlela yokuqala yokukhusela xa kukho nayiphi na i-agent agent ezama ukungena emzimbeni.
Yintoni i-Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)?
Amaseli alubomvu , awaziwa ngokuba yi-erythrocytes, anembopheleleko yokuthwala i-oksijini emiphakeni ukuya kwiiseli ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicubu zomzimba.
Inani elibomvu lamaseli egazi (RBC) lenziwa njengenxalenye yeCBC ukulinganisa inani elipheleleyo leeseli kwisampuli yegazi.
Ixabiso le-RBC lisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya i-hematocrit (ipesenteji yomsindo wegazi owenziwe ngamaseli obomvu obomvu), ngelixa i-assay eyongezelelweyo ilinganisa iprotheni kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ezibizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin) ezijongene nokuthwala iamoleksi ze-oksijeni.
Ukufunda okuphantsi kakhulu kwezi xabiso kunokubonisa i- anemia , imeko apho amangqamuzana kunye nezicubu ezingenakunikezwa ngezinto ezininzi ze-oksijini. Xa oko kwenzeka, umntu uya kuziva ephelelwe ngumzimba okanye ephelelwe yinto, eninzi ixesha, kwaye angabonakala ebalahle okanye ehlanjwe.
Ngokwemeko yentsholongwane kaGawulayo, i-anemia iyaziwa ukuba yinto echaphazelekayo yempembelelo ye-zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT).
Ukuba i-anemia ifunyaniswa ngelixa umntu e-zidovudine, isongezelelo sesinyithi sinokumiselwa ukuba i-anemia ithathwa njengobumnene. Kwiimeko ezinzima okanye eziqhubekayo, izidakamizwa zingadinga ukuba zitshintshwe kwenye i-arhente efanelekileyo .
Nangona i-zidovudine ingasetyenziswanga ngokuqhelekileyo kwiyeza lokuqala le-HIV, ihlala iyindlela yokubaluleka kwezidakamizwa kwabanye, ngakumbi ngexesha lokukhulelwa .)
I-anemia iyakwazi ukudibaniswa nosulelo olusebenzayo okanye ezinye izizathu, kokubili i-HIV kunye ne-HIV engekho. Kwezinye iimeko, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo kungasichaphaza imetabolism yeivithamini ezibalulekileyo, ukungabikho kwezinto ezinokubangela ukuba i-anemia ingabikho.
Iziganeko ezinzima ze-anemia ngamanye amaxesha ziphathwa nge-erythropoietin, iziyobisi ezichasayo ezinokuthi zivuselele ukuhlanganiswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, okanye zingadinga igazi lokumpontshelwa igazi ukuze liphumelele phezulu kule nqununu.
Ziziphi iiplatelet?
Iiplatelets, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-thrombocytes, zineeseli ezingenambala ezibandakanyeka kwinkqubo yokucima igazi. Ixabiso leeplatelets eziphantsi zingakhokelela ekuphumeni okulula okanye ukutyumla kumntu ochaphazelekayo. Iimeko ezinzima zingabangela ukuba uphephe igazi kwangaphakathi.
Le meko, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-thrombocytopenia, inxulumene nosuleleko olusulelekileyo lwe-HIV, ngokukodwa kubantu abanezifo eziphambili ezingabikho unyango. Ukuqaliswa kwonyango lwe-HIV kunokusombulula imeko ngokuphelisa ii-agents ezivuthayo ezinxulumene nosulelo, owaziwayo ukukhupha amanani eeplatelet.
Ukongezelela, ezinye iziyobisi ze-HIV (ingakumbi i-nucleoside analogs) zingabangela ukubala kweeplatelet eziphantsi, kunye ne-HIV ezinxulumene nezifo ezifana ne- cytomegalovirus (CMV) kunye ne- mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) .
Isibalo sePlatelet asisoloko siphakame kakhulu ukudala iingxaki zempilo.
> Imithombo:
> Thachil, J. "Inani elipheleleyo legazi njengendlela yokufumanisa intsholongwane kaGawulayo." IBritish Journal of Medicine. 2010; 341: INGXELO 10.1136 / bmj.c4583.
> Das, G. kunye noBaglioni, uP. "Usulelo lweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo." IBritish Journal of Medicine. 2010; 341: c4583.