Oososayensi "baqeqesha" amaseli omzimba ukuba abe ngababulali abaphumelelayo
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abaphandi baye bajolisa ngakumbi kwiindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuzikhusela i- HIV , apho umzimba womzimba wenziwa ngamandla ekukhuseleni okukhuselekileyo kwi-virus ehlaselayo. Kulo maninzi abantu, amandla omzimba okuzikhusela ngokwawo athatha ixesha elide njengaloo kuthiwa "ababulali" amaseli, aziwa ngokuba yii-CD8 + T-seli , ngokuthe ngcipheko alahlekelwa amandla abo okubona isifo segciwane eliguquguqukayo.
Ukuncintisana nemiba, i-HIV inakho ukukhawuleza ukuzinzisa kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba ziindawo ezifihlakeleyo-ezinokuthi zihlale zifihliweyo-apho zingakwazi ukuqhubeka ziqhubeka iminyaka kunye nangamashumi eminyaka nangona isifo se-antiretroviral (ART) esiphumelele .
Ukuze kupheliswe i-HIV emzimbeni, izazinzulu aziyi kukhulula kuphela i-HIV engapheliyo kwiindawo ezingcwele kodwa ukubabulala ngenye i-agent eyanciphayo okanye ngokubangela ukuphendula okukhuselweyo (okanye zombini). Njengoko abaphandi bahlola iindlela ezintsha nezithembisayo zokubhenela i-HIV ngaphandle, kuze kube yimhla asikafumananga iindlela zokubulala intsholongwane xa ikhutshwe.
Iingcali zenzululwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseYunivesithi yaseYohn Hopkins, ekhokelwa ngumphenyi ophezulu uRobert Siciliano, MD, Ph.D., ayibonakali kuphela ukuba kutheni le nto ibonakala kodwa icebise isicwangciso esingavula umnyango wokudala isitofu sokugonywa . iindidi zentsholongwane.
Umzekelo othi "Ukuqeqesha" Ukubulala ii-T cells
Ngophando lwabo, iSiciliano kunye neqela lakhe baye babika ukuba i- HIV esandula ukukhutshwa ihlala ishukunyiswa ukuba ingaqondakali ngokupheleleyo kuma-CD8 + T-cell. Bakholelwa ukuba "ngokuqeqesha" la maseli ekhuselayo ukuba aphucule indawo kwaye abulale amaseli ayenesifo esinikezelwe ukuba ahlale ebizwa ngokuba yi- CD4 + T-cell i-cell- they may be able to clean the body of HIV okanye, ncinane, ulawule intsholongwane ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwamachiza.
Abaphenyi baqala ngokuthatha iisampula zegazi ukusuka kwizigulane ezingama-25 ezinegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, ezi-10 zazo zaqala i-ART zingangeenyanga ezintathu zentsholongwane kwaye intsalela yaqala ukunyango emva kwexesha elingasigxina lokusuleleka xa izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo zivela kuqala.
Akumangalisi ukuba abo baqalisa i-ART ekuqaleni babephila kakhulu nge-HIV ngelixa abo baqalisa emva koko babebizwa ngokuthi "ukuphunyuka" kwinguqulelo eyenza ukuba iprotheni yentsholongwane ikwazi ukuzibamba. Nangona kunjalo, yiyiphi i-Siciliano kunye nabaphandi bayo abakwaziyo ukuyifumana kukuba ingabonakaliyo kwaye ishintshile i-HIV igcine isahlulo esincinane seprotheyini yaso yentsholongwane. Ngokuqhayisa i-CD8 + T-seli ukuba zibone le protein "marker," izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba iseli ingaba ngcono ukujolisa nokutshabalalisa intsholongwane.
Kwii - laboratory ze- in vitro , abaphandi baqala ukufumanisa ababulali be-T-cell kwizigulane zabo baze bavelele kwi-HIV okanye i-protein ye-protein chunks ethathelwe kwi-HIV kunye ne-HIV. I-sampuli ke kamva ibonakaliswe kwii-CD4 + zeT-cell ezithathelwana nge-HIV ezivela kwizigulane ezaziwa ukuba ziguqulwe. Emva kokuhlaziya iziphumo, i-Siciliano kunye neqela lakhe lafumanisa ukuba i-T-cell killer ezichazwe kuzo zombini zatshintshiswanga kwaye zingatshintshiyo i-HIV zaziyokwazi ukubulala ama-63% eeseli ezikhuselekileyo ngelixa abo bavelele kwi-HIV enomdla bebenokukwazi ukubulala i-23%.
Abaphandi baphinda bahlolisisa imodeli kwiigundane ezenziwe ngabantu (oko kukuthi, iigundane eziphilayo ziphendule ukuba ziphendule ngamagciwane omzimba) ezazisetyenziswe ngamnye kwi-HIV. Xa amagundane aphuhliswa emva kwexesha, izifo zesifo kwaye zijojowe nenye okanye enye "eqeqeshwe" i-cell cell T-cell sampuli, iziphumo ziyafana. Bonke abo bafumene i-T-cell cell killer baxhaswa kuphela nge-HIV. Abo babefumene iiseli ze-T ezixhaswe ngentsholongwane engatshintshiyo okanye engatshintshiyo i-HIV bafumana ukuhla kweenkulungwane ezininzi, ukunyuka kwamawaka kwi- viral load , kunye nokuxhaswa kwamanqanaba angabonakaliyo.
Uphando lukaJohn Hopkins lunikeza ubungqina obunamandla obunokugqitywa ekugqibeleni indlela yokutshatyalaliswa okanye ukulawula i-HIV.
Imithombo:
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