Ngokubanzi ukuphelisa i-HIV-antibodies (i-BBbs) i-antibodies ezikhuselekileyo eziveliswa ngumzimba wokhuseleko lomzimba, okwazi ukunciphisa iindidi ezininzi ze-HIV. Ezi zinqwelomoya aziqabile kakhulu kubantu xa kuthelekiswa nama-antibodies (okanye i-NAbs) angabalulekanga ngokubanzi.
Kukho ngoku ngaphaya kwama-60 ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo ye- HIV-1 kwihlabathi, kunye neninzi yamanqwanqwa abizwa ngokuba yimisipha ye-HIV enokutsha.
Ekubeni iinguqu ezininzi ze-HIV zikhona ngaphakathi komntu oyedwa, ukuphucula igciwane lesandulela ngculaza kuye kwafakazela ukuphazamisa uphando kuba izitofu zendabuko zenza impendulo yomntu onokuthi inganciphisa mhlawumbi enye okanye imizuzu embalwa.
Ukuze isitofu siphumelele ukuba siphumelele ngokwenene, izazinzulu ziya kufuneka ziphuhlise i-inoculant ekwazi ukususa iindidi ezininzi ze-HIV. Yingakho ukufumanisa i-bBbs ibe yinto ephambili kwi- design yokugonywa kwe-HIV .
I-BNAbs echazwe ngoku ixhomekeke kubantu abaye babonisa ukuba banesifo sengculazi ("elite neutralizers") okanye ukukwazi ukuphepha ukuqhubela izifo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-antiretroviral ("ixesha elide elingengenqubela phambili").
Iingxaki kunye neZithintelo kuPhuhliso lweNtsholongwane
Nangona i-BNAbs ifunyenwe kude kube ngo-1993, abaviwa ababenokusebenza kuphela babecala kuphela emva ko-2009 (kubandakanya ezinye ezifana ne-VRC0-1 kunye ne-VRC0-2, eyaziwa ngokunciphisa i-90% yezinto ezahlukileyo ezaziwayo).
Nangona kunjalo, ukwahlukana kwala maqhinga akuthethi ukuba izazinzulu zingahlakulela isitofu sokugonya esinakho ukuvuselela iimpendulo ezifanayo zomzimba (umntu). Kuza kube yimhla, asizange sibone oku, mhlawumbi ngenxa yeigciwane ezijoliswe ukukhusela kwi-HIV okanye ukukhusela ukunyuka kwesifo kulabo sele benesifo se-HIV.
Yintoni abaphandi abaye bafumanisa kukuba, ngaphandle kwe-neite neutralizers, aba-bNAbs abayisebenzisi kunye nemiphumo efanayo kumntu ogonywayo. Ngelixa i-BNAbs iyakwazi ukunciphisa intsholongwane, siye safunda ukuba kunzima ukuba bangene kwi-HIV "okanye" imvulophu ").
Ngaphezu koko, kubantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo-apho izigulane zonyango zihlolisiswa-impendulo ye-humoral ibonakala iyadlula ixesha. Oku kunokuchazwa kukuba intsholongwane kaGawulayo, ngohlobo lwaloo nto, ichithe inani le- CD4 T-seli eqala ukukhusela umzimba. Ngaphandle kwempendulo ye-CD4 enamandla, kunokuba nzima ukwenza ukuveliswa kweBBB ngeempembelelo ezaneleyo okanye ezihlala njalo.
Kwaye nangona impendulo eyaneleyo ifumaneka, uphando oluthile luchaza ukuba lungaba lulo oluqhubeka ixesha elide, ngelixesha apho i- HIV yabemi inokuthi iguqule ukuba ibalekele imiphumo ye-antibodies.
Indlela eya phambili
Naphezu kwezi mpikiswano, abaphandi baqhubeka behlola iindlela ezingezinye okanye ezichaseneyo, kuquka nokusetyenziswa kwebhakethi (genetically-engineered bacterium) (indlela eboniswe ngayo ibangela ukuba umkhiqizo we-insulin uphuhlise kwi-diabetes, umzekelo) kunye ne-vector (esinjenge- Agrobacterium tumefacien, unako ukuhambisa iDNA eziphathekayo kwizisele zoluntu).
Abanye, okwangoku, baphando ukuba i-vaccines kunye kunye / okanye i-booster inostulations ingaphumelela ekusebenzeni, kunye nophando oluthetha ukuba ukuvuthwa kwempendulo ye-bNAb inokuthi ithathe iminyaka emininzi.
Ukwandisa ulwazi malunga neBBbs kunokugqitywa kwindlela eya kwiqhinga elincinci elithile apho amaninzi amaninzi angasetyenziswa. Phakathi kwezi zinto zibizwa ngokuthi "i- antioclonal antibodies " ezikwazi ukukhetha ngokuthe ngqo iinguqu ezikhethekileyo ze-HIV, ezinye zazo eziye zahlula izakhiwo.
Enye yezinto ezithandekayo ezithe zafunyanwa zizungeze i- antibody ye-N6 , ekulinganisweni kweebhabhi yayinakho ukuphucula i-98% yazo zonke iintsholongwane ze-HIV.
Nangona kungenakuqinisekiswa ukuba ngaba ezi ziphumo ziya kubambelela kwizilwanyana okanye kwizilingo zomntu, kubonakala ngathi enye yeBNAbs enamandla kakhulu.
Imithombo:
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I-Corti, D. kunye neLanzavecchia, A. "Ngokubanzi Ukunciphisa iAntiviral Antibodies." Ukuhlaziywa koNyaka kwe-Immunology. NgoJanuwari 16, 2013; 31: 705-742.
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Huang, J .; Kang, B .; Ishida, E; okqhubekayo. "Ukuchongwa kwe-CD4-Ukukhupha i-Antibody Site kwisandulela-ngculaza eguqule kufuphi ne-Pan neutralization Isinkwa." Ku khuselwa. Novemba 15, 2016; 45 (5): 1108-1121; INGXELO: 10.1016 / j.immuni.2016.10.027.