I-papillomavirus yabantu, okanye i- HPV , usulelo luqhelekile. Oososayensi bacinga ukuba ngaphezu kwesigamu sabasetyhini abadala abakhulelwe nge-HPV naliphi na ixesha. Hayizo zonke ezo zifo zifanayo. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ze-HPV, ezininzi zazo ezazisasazeka ngesondo. Ezinye iintlobo ze-HPV zibhekwa njengengozi enkulu . Ezi ngxaki zidibene nomngcipheko okhulayo weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhensi kumadoda nabasetyhini.
Ezinye iintlobo zithathwa njengengozi ephantsi. Ezi zintambo zidibaniswa neengxabano zesini .
Ngenxa yokuba i-HPV isasazeka ukusuka isikhumba-sikhumba , iikhondom azikhuseli ngokupheleleyo ukhuseleko. Yingakho kuye kwaba mnandi kubantu abaninzi xa kuqala ukukhutshwa kwe-HPV. Oko kugonywa, i-Gardasil, ikhuselwe kwizinto ezimbini eziqhelekileyo ezinobungozi obuphezulu kunye neentlobo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zengozi ye-HPV. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, esinye isitofu, iCervarix, sikhululwe sagxininisa ingxaki ephezulu. Le mihla, kukho iigciwane ezintathu ze-HPV . Isitofu sesithathu sisiguqulelo esitsha se-Gardasil esibizwa ngokuthi yi-Gardasil-9 ekhusela i-9 ye-HPV.
Iigonti aziphelelanga. Nangona kunjalo, amazwe ayenesifo sokugonywa kakuhle abuye awabona amanqaku omhlaza wesibeleko . Ngoko kutheni abangabantwana abaseMelika abangenayo i-HPV yokugonya?
Izinzuzo ze-HPV Vaccine ngeNombolo
Emazweni, afana ne-Australia, apho abaninzi abasetyhini abancinci banikwa ukugonya kwe-HPV ye-HP-strain (Gardasil) ngaphambi kokuba bafumaneke kwintsholongwane, imiphumo ibe yinto engavamile.
Ukuhlaziywa kwesifundo se-2016 seencwadi ezifumene ukuba kukho:
- Amaphesenti angama-90 anesifo esincinci ne-HPV 6, 11, 16, kunye ne-18. Ezi ziintlobo ezine ezikhuselekile kwi-Gardasil.
- Amaphesenti angama-90 ambalwa amabhintshi omzimba.
- Iipesenti ezingama-45 ezincinci zokuxilongwa kweenguqu ezincinci zentsholongwane yomlomo wesibeleko .
- Iipesenti ezingama-85 zivavanya ukutshintshwa kwezinga eliphezulu. Le yimihlobo yotshintsho ehambelana nophuhliso lomhlaza.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezi nzuzo kubonwa, abantu abatsha kufuneka bafumane i-HPV yokugonya. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kufuneka bafumane isitofu phambi kokuba baqale ukulala ngesondo.
Amanye amazwe akwenza ngokucacileyo kakuhle xa abantu begonywa. Ngo-2014, malunga nekota ezintathu kuzo zonke iintombazana zase-Australia zazigonywe. EDenmark, eHungary, eIreland, eNorway, ePortugal, eSweden nase-United Kingdom bonke banokugonywa kwe-vaccination kwi-80-90 ekhulwini. Ngokwahlukileyo, ngo-2014, ama-40 ekhulwini kuphela amantombazana aseMerika kunye neepesenti ezingama-22 zamakhwenkwe aseMelika aye agonywe.
Kutheni i-America ivela kwi-HPV Vaccination Rates?
I-vaccine ye-HPV yafika eUnited States ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala kwakukho iingxoxo ezininzi malunga nokuba ngaba kufanele ukuba yinxalenye yeengcebiso zokugonywa rhoqo. Abantu baqala ukukhathazeka ngokukhuseleko. Kususela ngoku kuboniswe ukuba yicontsho ekhuselekileyo. Kwakhona banenkxalabo yokuba ukugonya kwe-HPV kunokukhuthaza abantu abaselula ukuba baninzi ngesondo . Enye into eye yaboniswa ukuba ayinyani.
Namhlanje, i-American Academy ye-Pediatrics ikhuthaza ukugonywa kwe-HPV rhoqo kwindoda kunye nabesilisa abaneminyaka eyi-11 no-12. Ngoko kutheni amazinga okugonywa abuyele emva kwezinye iintlanga ezininzi eziphuhlisiwe?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi. Akukho myalelo othile:
- Oogqirha abenzi umsebenzi omhle wokuhlala bekhuthaza ukugonya kwizigulane eziselula kunye nabazali babo.
- Abazali abaqapheli ukuba isitofu siyadingeka kubafana nabasetyhini. Ngoko ke, abazi ukuba bacele okanye malunga nalo.
- Xa abazali beyayazi, abaninzi abakholelwa ukuba ukugonywa kwe-HPV kubalulekile njengenye yokugonywa kwabantwana kunye nentsholongwane. Oku kubaluleke ngokubhekiselele ekunciphiseni ngokubanzi ukugonywa kwabantwana okubonakalayo kulo lonke elaseMelika. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezitofu kubangelwa kakhulu kubazali kubayika ngokugonywa. Ezi nkxalabo azisekelwe kwisayensi. Baye bahluleka ukuqaphela ukuba izitofu zininzi zemiyalelo yokukhuseleka okukhulu kunokuba zizifo eziye zenzelwe ukukhusela.
- Abazali banenkxalabo malunga neendleko zokugonya. Bakhathazekile ngeendleko zokutyelela ezifunekayo ukuze bafumane isitofu. Kukho ubungqina bokuba abafumene iMedicaid bafumana ukugonya ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunezo zinshuwalense yabucala. Oku kungenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Esinye sezizathu zixabiso eliphantsi lokufuna unonophelo xa ungafuneki ukuhlawula ukutyelela ukuhlawula.
- Iigciwane ze-HPV azihlali zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zaseMerika. Ukufumaneka kuyahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeka apho abantu banokunyamekela khona.
Kukho iindlela zokulungisa ezi ngxaki. Iinkqubo zemfundo zinokunceda ukufundisa oogqirha ngokubaluleka kokugonywa rhoqo. Ngaloo ndlela, oogqirha banokufunda okungakumbi malunga nokugonywa kunye nendlela yokuthetha ngayo ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zenkcubeko. Iigciwane le-HPV zingenziwa inxalenye yeenkqubo zokukhusela eziqhelekileyo. Oku kunokwenza ukuba baxoxe ngokulula kubazali kunye noogqirha. Iirekhodi zonyango zonyango zingaphuculiswa kwaye ukufikelela kwisitofu sokugonya kunokwandiswa. Oku kuya kunceda oogqirha bachonge abantu abafuna isitofu. Kwakhona kunokuthetha ukuba abazali kunye nentsha babe neendlela ezininzi zokufumana apho bafumane khona izibhamu.
Ekugqibeleni, abazali kunye nentsha kufuneka bafumane ulwazi olungcono malunga nokugonya kwe-HPV. Ukuba abantu abaninzi baqonda iintlobo kubafana kunye namantombazana, mhlawumbi banomdla wokufumana. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kufuneka bafunde ukuba ukufumana i-HPV yokugonya akukona ngesondo. Ngokuphathelele ukukhusela impilo.
> Imithombo:
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> Holman DM, uBenard V, uRoland KB, Watson M, uLiddon N, Stokley S. Izithintelo zokugonywa kwe-papillomavirus yabantu phakathi kwabaselula base-US: uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lwencwadi. JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Jan; 168 (1): 76-82. i-doi: 10.1001 / i-jamapediatrics.2013.2752.
> Krakow M, Beavis A, Cosides O, Rositch AF. Iimpawu zabantwana abangekho abantwana abangenakho Umboneleli-I-Papillomavirus yokuNconywa ngabantu. J Adolesc Health. 2017 Jan 7. pii: S1054-139X (16) 30881-3. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.jadohealth.2016.11.028.
> Peterson CE, Dykens JA, Brewer NT, Buscemi J, Watson K, Comer-Hagans D, uRamamonjiarivelo Z, Fitzgibbon M. Umbutho wonyango wokuziphatha uxhasa ukwandisa i-HPV yokugonywa: ithuba eliphuthumayo lokukhusela umhlaza. Shintsha i-Behav Med. Ngo-2016 Dec; 6 (4): 672-675.
> Townsend JS, Steele CB, Hayes N, Bhatt A, Moore AR. Igciwane le-Papillomavirus labantu njenge-Anticancer Vaccine: Imizamo yokusebenzisana ekukhuthazeni i-Human Papillomavirus Vaccine kwi-National Comprehensive Cancer Control Programme. J Womens Health (Larchmt). Ngo-2017 uMar; 26 (3): 200-206. i-doi: 10.1089 / jwh.2017.6351.