Ukugcina Abantwana Bethu bephilile kwaye banamandla
Ayikho yonke intsapho inokukwazi ukufumana i-inshurensi yempilo yabucala kubantwana babo. Ngo-2015, iipesenti ezingama-39 zabantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-0 kunye ne-18 ubudala baxutywa yi- Medicaid kunye ne-Children's Insurance System (CHIP) . Amanani ayekwe ngaphantsi kwama-21 ekhulwini kwabantwana base-Utah ukuya phezulu njengama-53 ekhulwini kwabantwana baseMississippi naseNtshona-West Virginia.
Konke, malunga neepesenti ezingama-30.5 abantwana bafuna uncedo lwe-federal ngo-2015 ukuze bahlale bephilile kwaye banamandla. Ukususela ngoDisemba ngo-2017, inani labantwana elibanjelwe liye lafikelela kwi-35.7 yezigidi.
Iphondo ngalinye libeka imithetho yalo malunga nokuba ngubani na okuya kugqitywa, kodwa urhulumente wezepolisi ubeka umgangatho osemgangathweni wokunyamekelwa komntwana ngamnye okhuselekileyo. Ngelishwa, akuwona onke amazwe aphile ngokuvumelana nesithembiso . I-Trump ka-2019 isicwangciso-mali sesabelomali sesiphakamiso sinciphisa inkxaso ye-Medicaid ngokusebenzisa izibonelelo zebhloko . Ngama-dollar amancinci atholakalayo, amazwe angakufumana kunzima ukuhlangabezana naloo mfuno.
I-Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT) yinkqubo enikezelwa kubantwana kunye nabaselula abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-21 ubudala abagqitywa yiMedicaid. Ezi ziinkonzo eziphambili ukuba yonke inkqubo yelizwe kufuneka ifake abaxhamli babo abatsha.
IiNkonzo zamazinyo
Ukuthintela: Amazinyo angamahlwempu, nokuba avela kwizinyo zokubola okanye izifo, angabonakalisa ukungondleki okanye ukungcola okungafanelekanga . Isifo sezinyo ezingabonakaliyo singabangela intlungu, ukuphazamiseka komntwana ukutya, ukulala, nokusebenza ekhaya okanye esikolweni. Ukuzithemba kwabo kunye nophuhliso loluntu lunokuchaphazeleka ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokubonakala kwamazinyo.
Ukuhlola: I- nganye imeko ichaza indlela yokunakekelwa kwamazinyo rhoqo, kodwa ayikwazi ukukhawulela ukuba unonophelo kwiinkonzo ezingxamisekileyo. Ucwangciso olucwangcisiweyo alukwazi ukutshintsha. Kufuneka iwele ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo ezicetyiswa ngabayingcali entsimini. Kwinqanaba elincinci, unyango lwamazinyo lwe-EPDST kufuneka lubandakanye ukugcinwa kwempilo yamazinyo, ukubuyiswa kwamazinyo, kunye nokunyangwa kweentlungu zamathambo kunye nezifo. Urhulumente ngamnye uya kuthatha isigqibo sokuba uza kubandakanya ntoni kula manqaku.
Ukuxilongwa: Wonke umntwana uqinisekisiwe ukuba uhanjiswe kumathambo wamazinyo ngokuhambelana neshedyuli yokucetywa kwenkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uviwo lovavanyo lwezomlomo luphakamisa inkxalabo ngaphandle kwelo cwangciso, ukuhanjiswa kwingcali yezinyo kufuneka kulandelwe kungekudala.
Unyango: I-state ayifuni ikhonkco ukuba ingahlawulanga unyango oluthile phantsi kwesicwangciso sayo seMedicaid. Urhulumente wesigqeba ufuna ukuba nayiphi na imeko efunyenwe ngexesha lokuhlola i-EPSDT kufuneka iphathwe. Oko kuthetha ukuba urhulumente ngamnye kufuneka ahlawule ngononophelo oluyimfuneko.
IiNkonzo zokuLawula
Ukuthintela: Ukuphulukana nokulahlekelwa kwabantwana, nokuba ngabazuze okanye bazuze, kunokuchaphazela amandla omntwana wokukhulisa intetho nolwimi, ukwenza kakuhle esikolweni, kunye nokusebenzisana kwinqanaba lentlalo. Ukufumanisa kwangaphambili kunye nokungenelela kunokubanceda aba bana bahlangabezane neentuthuko zabo.
Ukuhlola: Ukuhlola ukuzalwa kwintsana kudla ngokubakho esibhedlele xa umntwana ezalwa. Nangona kunjalo, akubona bonke abantwana abazalelwa kwizibhedlele, kwaye abaninzi abantwana banokuphuhliswa kwelahleko yokuphulaphula njengoko bekhula. I-EPSDT idinga ukuba abantwana basengozini yokulahlekelwa kweendlebe (umz., Imbali yentsapho, izifo zendlebe , njl.) Zihlolwe ngokwendlela echazwe yiphondo ngalinye, kwakhona ngokuchasene nezikhokelo zengcali. Abantwana abaneempawu zokukhanyela ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kufuneka bahlolwe ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuxilongwa: Ukuba ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kukhankanywa, ukuhlolwa kwee-audiological ngokufanelekileyo kufuneka kuqhutywe ngumqeqeshi kwintsimi. Uvavanyo lokuncedisa ukuvalelwa luya kubanjelwa ukuba luboniswe.
Unyango: I- Medicaid kufuneka ihlawule iindleko ze- implants cochlear , izixhobo zokuvalelwa , kunye neenkonzo zokuncedisa indlebe, ukuba ziyimfuneko yonyango, nokuba ngaba ayinakunikezela loo nkonzo kubaxhamli bayo abadala.
Inkqubo yokuHlola
Ukuthintela: Ukubonakalisa ukukhokela kubakho ngepopu yokupenda okanye amanzi okusela kwaye kunokuchaphazela uphuhliso lwe-neurologic kunye nentlalo yoluntu. Iingxaki zivela kwi- anemia kunye nesifo seengtso kwimicimbi yokuziphatha kunye ne-IQ ephantsi. Ukuthotyelwa kwangaphambili kwesoxhefu kungabonwa, ngokukhawuleza umntwana angasetyenziselwa ukuba aphendule nayiphi na umonakalo oye wenziwa kwaye ubakhokelele kwimpilo engcono.
Ukuhlolwa: Bonke abantwana abafanelekileyo, abajongene nomngcipheko wokubakho ukuhamba , kufuneka bahlolwe ukukhokela kwiinyanga ezili-12 kunye neenyanga ezingama-24 ubudala. Ukuba ukuhlolwa kungagqitywa phakathi kweenyanga ezingama-24 ne-72 ubudala, kufuneka kwenziwe ngexesha elo. Ukuhlola ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa rhoqo usebenzisa uvavanyo olulula lwesandla kwiofisi okanye kwi-laboratory yendawo.
Ukuxilongwa: Uvavanyo lokujonga ukunyuka kwe-10 mcg / dL okanye ngaphezulu kwi-test fingerprick kufuneka uqinisekiswe ngokusebenzisa isampuli yegazi. Oko kuthetha ukuba igazi elipheleleyo lidweba. Iintsana zingawuthandi, kodwa kuyisisiseko sokuseka ukuxilongwa.
Unyango: Utyando lwe-toxicity ekhokelayo luthembele kwi- chelation therapy . Oku kubandakanya ukuthatha ipilisi eyobophelela ekukhokheni kwaye uyikhuphe umchamo. Iindaba ezimbi kukuba akubona wonke umntu onokunyamezela iziphumo zecala leyeza. Oku kungadinga ukusetyenziswa kwe-agent ye-chelation ejoyiweyo, i-EDTA, ukunyanga i-poisoning. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yindlela yokwenza i-chelation, i-Medicaid kufuneka ifake iindleko zonyango kuyo nayiphi na imeko efunyenwe phantsi kwe-EPSDT.
IiNkonzo zoMboniso
Ukuthintela: Ukungaphumeleli kwimbono kuqhubela i-gamut. Umntwana unokuba ne- amblyopia , eyaziwayo njengelivi elilumkileyo, apho iso linye libuthakathaka kunomnye ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwamalensi okulungisa. I-Astigmatism ibangelwa yisiphako kwi-cornea eyenza kube nzima ukugxila kwiso elithintekileyo. I-Strabismus ikhula xa izihlunu zamehlo zingenamandla ngokulinganayo, okwenza amehlo ahluke omnye komnye ukuze avele ephahleni. Masingayikhohlwa ngombono we-binocular kunye nokujonga kwangaphambili . Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imbangela yokukhubazeka komntwana, ukungaphumeleli ukujongana nale miqathango kunokubangela iziphumo ezide.
Ukuhlolwa: Iphondo ngalinye liza kwenza umboniso wesikrini kwishedyuli yaso, ngokuqwalasela iingcebiso ezivela kwimibutho yabantwana entsimini. Ukuvavanya ukuhlola kunokubandakanya ishati elula yamehlo. Naliphi na umntwana ojongene nombono wakhe kufuneka ahlolwe kungekudala kunemva kwexesha, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ishedyuli ekhethiweyo yombuso.
Ukuxilongwa: Uviwo olubanzi lufanele lwenziwe ngutitshala oqinisekisiweyo ukuseka imbangela yokukhubazeka komntwana. Ngeli xesha, ezikhetho ezifanelekileyo kakhulu zokonyango ziya kukhanya.
Unyango: I- Medicaid kufuneka ihlawule iifowuni zamehlo kunye nama-lens ukuba ziyimfuneko, kodwa le nkqubo ayifuni ukufihla iilensi zokudibanisa. Ezinye iinkalo, nangona kunjalo, zingabandakanya oku njengenzuzo.
Ezinye iiNkonzo
Ukuhlolwa kokukhusela kuhamba ngaphaya kweenkonzo ezikhankanywe ngasentla. Kufuneka zibandakanye ixesha-nye-nye kunye nogqirha kunye nokuhlola umntwana ngokuqhelekileyo. Kule nkalo, inkqubo ye-EPSDT iquka kwakhona:
- Imfundo yempilo, kubandakanywa nokukhuselwa ngengozi, isikhokelo esilindelekileyo ekuphuhliseni abantwana, ukukhusela izifo, nokukhuthazwa kwindlela yokuphila enempilo
- Imbali yezempilo, kubandakanywa nembali yokuzalwa, imbali yophuhliso, ukuhlolwa kwempilo yengqondo, kunye nokuhlaziywa ngokubanzi kwezifo zonyango kunye nokuhlinzwa
- Ukugonywa njengoko kunconywe yiKomidi eliPhakamisayo malunga neMisebenzi yokuGonya (ACIP)
- Iimvavanyo zeLebhu, kuquka iimvavanyo zokuhlola izikhokelo
- Uhlolo loqobo
Ukuthatyathwa ndawonye, umntwana uya kuba nethuba elihle kwixesha elizayo ukuba siyakwazi ukukhusela izifo, ukusibamba kwangaphambili, kwaye uyiphathe ngaphambi kokuba inethuba lokumlimaza.
ILizwi
Izigidi zezigidi zabantwana zifumana unyango lwempilo ngeMedicaid. Ukunyamekela kubandakanya ukuthatha inxaxheba koluntu yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT). Ngokugxininiswa ekuhlolweni nasekunyangekeni kwintsholongwane yezifo eziqhelekileyo, iMedicaid inokubeka izizukulwana zethu ezincinci endleleni eya kwixesha elizayo.
> Umthombo:
> Ukuqala kwenkqubo yokuHlola, ukuChengisisa kunye noTyango. Website Medicaid.gov. https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/benefits/epsdt/index.html.
> Unyaka wezeMali 2019: iBhajethi yaseMelika. Ofisi yoLawulo kunye neBhajethi. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/budget-fy2019.pdf. Ipapashwe ngoFebruwari 12, 2018.
> Inkonzo Yomshuwalense Wezempilo Inabantwana 0-18, 2015. I-Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/children-0-18/?dataView=1¤tTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Medicaid%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22 % 7D.
> I-Medicaid Child kunye ne-CHIP yobhaliso ngokubanzi ngoDisemba 2017. iwebhusayithi yakwaMedicaid.gov. https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/program-information/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data/report-highlights/child-and-chip-enrollment/index.html.
> Inkqubo yeSondlo yokuNgcwaba yabantwana kunye nabantwana abasebekhulile abaneminyaka eyi-18 okanye abatsha, iUnited States, ngo-2017. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/child-adolescent.html. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Matshi 6, 2017.