IiRekhodi zeMpilo zeMpektri
Iirekhodi zezempilo ze-elektroniki (i-EHRs) kunye neirekhodi zezobugcisa zonyango (EMRs) ziyinzuzo ye-teknoloji yezobuchwepheshe zenkcubeko. Nangona iimiqathango emibini, i-EHR kunye ne-EMRs, isetyenziswa rhoqo, ii-EHR zilandelelwanje ngokutsha kwaye zizama ukufaka idatha engaphezulu kune-EMRs. I-EHR iqulethe ulwazi kuzo zonke iiklinikhi ezibandakanyekayo ekunyamekelweni kwesigulane kwaye zakhiwe ngenjongo yokwabelana ngolwazi.
Iirekhodi zekhompyutheni ziyakwamkelwa ngokubanzi kulo lonke elaseUnited States, ekutshintsheni amaxesha amaninzi anamaphepha angapheliyo kwaye angathembekanga asekho kwizibhedlele ezininzi. Oku kwenza ukhathalelo lwempilo yethu lukhuseleke kwaye lusebenza kakuhle. Akunjalo nje izibhedlele ezenza ukutshintsha; iiofisi zogqirha, ukunakekelwa kwempilo eyahlukeneyo kunye neenkampani zomshuwalense zenza ukutshintshela ekugcinweni kwedatha yekhompyutha. Isistim esitsha esineenkcukacha sixhuma ababoneleli bempilo nokwandisa amathuba omguli.
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Fumana ingxelo epheleleyo yezoNyango kwii-6 eziPhambili
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6 Imigaqo ehambelana neRekhodi yeMpilo ye-elektroniki
Iimeko ezinxamisekileyo, ezifana neengozi, iintlekele zemvelo kunye nokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula, zikhumbuza ngokukodwa ukubaluleka kokufikelela kwedatha yesigulane. Ukuba iirekhodi zezokwelapha zifumaneka ngokukhawuleza-kungakhathaliseki ukuba imeko yendawo okanye isiguli-iziphumo zonyango zinokukhuliswa.
I-EHR nee-EMRs nazo zibaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko zonyango zansuku zonke. Esikhundleni sokuthembela kwisigulana sokuzibika kwengxelo yabo yezonyango, oogqirha abasebenzisa ii-EHR ngoku nje bafuna ulwazi lokuchonga isigulane (njengegama kunye nosuku lokuzalwa) ukufikelela kwimbali yakhe yonke yezonyango. Oku kwenza inkqubo yokuhlola ifikelele ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ikhuselekile kwaye iphelele.
Urhulumente wase-US ukhuthaze ngokukhawuleza ukusebenzisa iirekhodi zekhompyutheni ngokunika iinkqubo zokukhuthaza. Ukuba ngababoneleli bezempilo bangabonisa ukuba basebenzise ii-EHR kwaye bahambelana nemigaqo yemigaqo ebizwa ngokuba yiNtsebenzo enenjongo, aba bahlinzeki banelungelo lokubuyisela imali ngokutsha kwabo batyalo-mali. Inani labanikezeli benkonzo yezempilo basebenzisa iirekhodi zezempilo zekhompyutheni ziqhubeka ngokunyuka, kusenza sibe nenyaniso yenkqubo yezempilo echaphazelekayo.
Izinzuzo ze-EHR
Ezinye zeenzuzo zeirekhodi zezempilo zedijithali zibandakanya:
- Ulwazi oluqokelelwe ngabanikezeli bokunakekela abaphambili banokwabelana ngamasebe angxamisekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntu unobungozi kwisicatshulwa esithile, lo myalezo wokusindisa ubomi udluliselwa nangona isiguli singenalwazi.
- Kukho irekhodi leemvavanyo zonyango esandula kutshatyalaliswa, ngoko ukuphindaphinda okungadingekile kunokuphetshwa.
- Amanqaku esibhedlele, izicwangciso zokukhutshwa kunye nemiyalelo yokulandelelana ifumaneka ngokukhawuleza, eyenza ukuguquka ukusuka kwelinye ilanga ukuya kwesinye.
- Abasebenzisi bangangena kwiirekhodi zabo kwaye bafumane ulwazi lwabo lwezokwelapha.
Imisebenzi ye-EMR / EHR Systems
Ii-EHR ziqulethe iinkcukacha ezisisiseko ezifana negama lakho, iinombolo zoqhagamshelwano, imbali yonyango, ulwazi malunga namachiza kunye nolwaphulo, ulwazi malunga nemicimbi yonyango yangoku, iziphumo zokuvavanya kunye namanqaku entuthuko, kunye namaxwebhu olawulo kunye nemali. Iirekhodi zeDijithali zizisa zonke iinkcukacha zakho kunye nokuvumela abaqeqeshi bezempilo ezahlukeneyo ukuba babelane kwaye batshintshe le ngcaciso. Ngokomzekelo, ugqirha wakho jikelele unokufunda isishwankathelo sakho sokukhutshwa kwesibhedlele, iingxelo ezivela kwiingcali kunye neziphumo zokuvavanya nje ngokufikelela nje kwi-EHR yakho kwi-intanethi.
Ngexesha leday digital, ii- EHR zimele zibandakanye imisebenzi emine : ukucwangciswa kwekhompyutha, ukulandelwa kovavanyo lwe-elektroniki, ukunika ingxelo ngeziphumo zovavanyo kunye nokugcina amanqaku omgogodla. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezininzi ii-EHR zangoku zihlale zikwabelana ngolwazi. Ukuphatheka kunye nokusebenzisana kuye kwaqatshelwa njengemiba yangoku, kwaye umsebenzi ofunekayo ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yokunakekelwa kwempilo . I-roadmap ekwabelwana ngayo, eyahlukana ngokubanzi nelizwe, iye yafunyanwa ngokubanzi, leyo ibonisa izinto ezibalulekileyo ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba babantu kunye nabangasese bajolise ukufezekisa.
Le migudu eqhubekayo ibandakanya ukuphucula imigangatho yezobugcisa, ukuguqula nokulungelelanisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokuhlawula, ukulungelelanisa imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nezenzo zoshishino, kunye nokuxhasana ngasese nemigangatho yokhuseleko. I-roadmap yangoku ithathwa njengexwebhu lokuphila, kwaye iinguqulelo ezintsha ziphuhliswa ngokusekelwe kumava kunye neempendulo.
Ukufikelela kweMonde kunye neeRekhodi zezeMpilo zabantu (PHR)
Abanikezeli abaninzi bezempilo banikezela ngezixhobo zecomputer. Ezi zixhobo zivumela ukuba sifumane idatha yethu yempilo size sibandakanyeke kwinkqubo yethu yokugcina irekhodi. Oku kusenza sikwazi ukulungisa iipalati okanye iimpazamo ezinokubonakala kwiirekhodi zethu. Xa sibandakanyeka ngentshiseko, ukwabelana ngolwazi kuba lula, kusenza sibe namaqabane alinganayo kwinkqubo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Iipalati zonyango zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni amava ethu enkonzo. Intuthuko yanamhlanje kwimpilo yedijithali yenza izigulane zifikelele kwi-EHR kwaye ziququzelele iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokulawulwa kwezempilo, kuquka ukucwangcisa ukuqeshwa, ukucela amayeza kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kwamarekhodi ezonyango.
Iirekhodi zezempilo zomntu okanye iirekhodi zezokwelapha zakho (PMR) zihluke kwi-EHR ukuya kwindlela ongayilawula ngayo (kunokuba ibe yedwa kumnikezeli wonyango). Zifumaneka kuwe kwaye zingagcinwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, ukukhutshelwa kwi-drive yakho yecomputer okanye igcinwe efini.
Ukusetyenziswa okunenjongo
Ukusetyenziswa okunenjongo kukusetyenzana kwemigaqo kunye neenjongo ezibekwe ukwenzela ukuba i-EHR iphunyezwe ngendlela enenjongo eyenza iintsika ezintlanu zempilo. Ukuxhaswa yiTeknoloji yoLwazi lwezeMpilo kwi-Economic and Clinical (HITECH) Act, Usetyenziso oluncedo lubandakanya ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yolwazi lwezempilo ukuphucula umgangatho wempilo yononophelo, ukunciphisa ukungalingani kwempilo, ukubandakanya izigulane (kunye neentsapho zabo), ukulungelelanisa iinkonzo zempilo kunye nokuqinisekisa ubumfihlo ukhuseleko lwengcaciso yesigulane. Iinjongo zokusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo kukuphucula impilo yabantu, ukwandisa ukukhanya, ukuxhobisa izigulane nokubonelela ngolwazi oluninzi oluphando.
Ukutshintshela ekusebenziseni okunenjongo kwakucwangciswe njengenkqubo ehleliweyo, kunye neendlela ezintathu eziphambili ezibonakalayo kwixesha leminyaka emihlanu. Imigaqo yesigaba sesi-3 - isigaba sokugqibela esinjongo sokuphucula iziphumo zempilo - sikhutshwe ngo-Oktobha 2015 ngamaziko e-Medicare kunye neeNkonzo zeMedicaid (CMS) kunye ne-Ofisi yoMququzeleli wezeMpilo we-IT (i-ONC). Ukuba ngababoneleli bezempilo banokudibanisa uluhlu lweenjongo zokubaluleka, bafumana ukuhlawulelwa.
Inkxaso yeNkcazo yeNkxaso
Iinkqubo zenkxaso yesigulane (Clinic systems support systems) (i-CDSS) ziinkqubo zesoftware eziyiminye yezicelo zokuqala ze-tech yezempilo. Zizicelo ezibandakanyekayo ezincedisa oogqirha kunye nabanye abaqeqeshi bempilo ngokwenza izigqibo zenkxaso-kliniki ezisekelwe kwisiseko kunye nokuphucula iziphumo zonyango.
Ezi nkqubo ziyakhonza njengezikhumbuzo, iinkqubo zokuxilonga, iinkqubo zokucwangcisa iziyobisi kunye nezixhobo zokulawula izifo, kwaye zinokudibaniswa kwi-EHRs. Ulwazi olulondekileyo ludibaniswe nezikhokelo ezisekelwe kwisibonelelo ukubonelela isigulane ngeengcebiso ezifanelekileyo kunye nophatho. I-EHR iyakwazi ukudibanisa imithombo emininzi yolwazi kwaye ivelise izilungiso zokuqulunqa ukulungiselela unyango. Ukunyamekela isifo sikashukela, umzekelo, ii-EHR ezidibeneyo nezilungiso zeklinikhi ziboniswe ziphezulu kuneenkqubo zeekhomputha eziqhelekileyo xa zichazwa ngolwazi lwesigulane kunye nokunyamekela. I-CDSS imizekelo incike kwi data ukusuka kumaqela esampula aphilayo kwaye idibanisa imithombo eyahlukeneyo yolwazi. Oku kwenza ukuba kubekho ithuluzi lokuxilonga elifanelekileyo.
I-CDSS inokubaluleka ngakumbi ekunakekeleni kwinqununu, apho oogqirha abangabalulekanga kuzo zonke iindawo zonyango bafumana izigulane ezineempawu ezahlukahlukeneyo ezifuna ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nezicwangciso zolawulo. Iinkqubo ze-CDSS zokuxilonga zibandakanya iindawo ezahlukeneyo zonyango, kuquka impilo yengqondo, izifo zentliziyo kunye nezifo zesisu.
Ubumfihlo kunye noKhuseleko lweRekhodi yeDiskripthi
Kukho imigaqo emininzi kunye nenkqubo ekhoyo ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwedatha egcinwe ngekhompyutha. Inkcubeko yobumfihlo kunye nezokhuseleko ixhaswa kwaye ixabiswa, kwaye ukukhuseleka kweyona nto ephambili kwiindawo apho kukho iirekhodi zonyango zekhompyutha ezisetyenziswayo.
Umthetho we-Health Insurance Accountability Act (HIPAA) wenziwa ngo-1996 ukukhusela iirekhodi kunye namalungelo ezigulane. Luchaza indlela, kwaye kunye nobani, ulwazi olunegulane lunokwabelwana.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukunyuka kwamacebo ezempilo zedijithali kunye nobuchwephesha obuqokelela ulwazi lwezempilo ukususela kwi-HIPPA idluliselweyo (umz. Iingubo zokugqoka), ngoko ke amaninzi awalawulwa ngumthetho. Oku kwenza ukuhlaziywa okuqhubekayo kunye nolawulo oluyimfuneko kunye nangomdla wobumfihlo kunye nokukhuseleko.
Sinesithakazelo esinikeziweyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iirekhodi zethu zonyango ziphathwa ngendlela eyiyo, kwaye zigcinwe kwaye zabelwana ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokufanayo neengxelo zeentengo zemboleko, kuqikelele ukubeka iliso ulwazi lwethu lwezokwelapha ngokuchanekileyo kunye nezizathu zokuqiqa. I-HIPAA ichaza ukuba ukufikelela nokufumana ulwazi lwethu lwezempilo ngeenjongo zethu lilungelo, kungekhona ilungelo. Oku kubandakanya ukufikelela ikopi yekhompyutheni yenkcazelo yethu yempilo equlethwe kwikhophi yempilo yekhompyutha.