Ukungaqondi kakuhle okuqhelekileyo ukuba abantu baninzi bafana nokulinganisa umchamo kwimisebenzi yengqondo. Ngenxa yoko, ukucinga ukuba ukuba "wenze umchamo," iintso zakho zisebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nto ivela kwi nyaniso, kwaye ukuvavanya umsebenzi wezintso zakho kudinga ukuvanywa kwebhu kwaye ngezinye ii-imaging radiological.
Uninzi lwabantu luyazi ukuba ukuvavanywa kwengxaki yindlela yokuvavanya umsebenzi wentliziyo yakho.
Kodwa uvavanya njani umsebenzi wakho wezintso? Usenokuba uvile oogqirha bekhankanya amagama anjenge "creatinine" okanye "GFR" xa uhlola indlela ezilungileyo okanye ezimbi ngayo izintso zakho. Nangona kukho iindlela ezininzi apho iinjongo zentsebenzo zingalinganiswa, ndiza kuzichazela ezo zisetyenziswe rhoqo kwiindawo zonyango.
Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, unokujonga umsebenzi wezintso ngoku:
(2) Uvavanyo lwe-Urine
(3) Ukucinga ngomfanekiso
Uvavanyo lweGazi
Oku kuyona eqhelekileyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo yindlela echanekileyo. Oogqirha baya kuthi bafumane iilingo ezinokuthi zenziwe ngamagama ahlukahlukeneyo afana ne "panel panel metabolic (BMP)," "i-7," "iphaneli yomsebenzi wempuphu," "GFR," njl. Okubalulekileyo, oko kulinganisa ngamanqanaba e-electrolytes kunye ezimbini ezinye iikhemikhali ezithi igazi urea nitrogen (BUN) kunye ne-creinine.
BUN amanani inani le nitrojeni ekhona egazini lakho ngendlela yerea, ngoko igama elithi BUN! Ngamanye amazwi, yintoni esiyilinganisayo yinqanaba le-urea egazini.
Urea, njengokuba uyazi, inxalenye ye-nitrojeni ene-nitrojeni ekhoyo kwimvini yezilwanyana ezilwanyana kunye kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo njengesichumisi. Ngaphambi kokuba ugqibe ekubeni kukho isichumiso egeleza egazini lakho, makhe ndigxininise ukuba i-urea yebhishini yezoshishino esetyenziswe kwizichumisi yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo. Enyanisweni, urea yiyokuqala "yezinto eziphilayo" (oko kukuthi, kufumaneka kwindalo kwizinto eziphilayo) i- compound eyayinokwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo kwi-laboratory xa isazi senzululwazi waseJamani uFriedrich Wohler senza i-ammonium cyanate ngo-1828.
BUN: Uvavanyo olungapheliyo
Ngoko kutheni sifanisa izinga le-urea egazini? Kungenxa yokuba izinga le-urea yegazi, (okanye i-BUN!) Kuxhomekeke kwibhalansi phakathi kweenkqubo eziphakamisa izinga layo legazi kunye neenkqubo ezinciphisa izinga layo legazi. Izinto ezikhupha umgangatho we-urea egazini ziquka ukutya kweprotheni yokutya, ubuchule besibindi sakho sokwenza i-urea, kunye nesantya sokuchithwa kweeseli eziqhelekileyo (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"catabolism") ezikhokelela ekuveliseni urea. Ekugqibeleni, inqubo eyanciphisa izinga le-urea egazini ukukwazi ukukhupha urea kwi-urine.
Kucinga ukuba izinto ezinyusela izinga le-urea zihlala zihlala rhoqo ngosuku, unokuphikisa ukuba izinga le-urea egazini luza kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwiintso zakho. Ngenxa yoko, isifo seengtso singabonwa ngenyuka kwizinga legazi le-urea, okanye i-BUN. Nangona kunjalo, nceda ukhumbule ukuba le ngcaciso elula, kwaye amanqanaba e-BUN, njengoko usenokuba uqikelele, unokuchaphazeleka ngokutya, ukukhupha, kunye nesibindi somsebenzi.
I-Creatinine yindlela engcono
Ngoko ke akudingeki ukuba ube yingcali yezobugqirha ukuze uqaphele ukuba i-BUN ingumzekelo wokuvavanywa ngokupheleleyo kweentliziyo 'umsebenzi, ngokubhekiselele kwiindawo eziphathekayo zezinye izinto ezingabonakaliyo.
Ngoko makhe sithethe ngenye ikhemikhali endikhankanywe ngasentla: creatinine.
Igama elithi "creatinine" livela kwiLizwi lesiGrike elisenyameni, kwaye liyimveliso yokuphazamiseka kwemisipha. Ekubeni ubunzima bomzimba bakho buguqulwa imihla ngemihla, izinga lokuvelisa i-creatinine lihlala lihlala lihleli. Njengenqanaba le-creatinine egazini liyakhula (ukusuka kwe-muscle), izintso zenza umsebenzi omkhulu wokuyihlutha kwindlela yakho. (Encinci kakhulu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ayibalulekanga (ngokungafani ne-urea!) Inani lemveliso ye-creatinine libuyiselwa kwakhona neentso, ezinokuthi zithinte i-level level yegazi, kodwa kube lula, masingayinaki oko ngoku).
Ngenxa yoko, ukucinga ukuba ubunzima bobunzima bobunzima, izinga le-creinine egazini kufuneka litshintshe kuphela ukuba iinjongo zikwazi ukuluhluza. Ngako oko, ukwanda kwinqanaba legazi le-creinine kubonisa ukuba umsebenzi wezintso ezimbi.
Inqanaba le-creatinine yegazi ke liyinxalenye yedatha enokubangela ukuba uncedo lwabagqirha baqikelele umlinganiselo apho igazi lezintso ze-kidneys zisebenzisa iifomula ezichanekileyo kunye nokulingana (ukuba kusobala ukuba akudingeki sikhathazeke malunga apha). Eli nqanaba libhekiswa njenge-Glomerular Filtration Rate okanye i-GFR; Ixesha unokuva ukuba oogqirha baphosa ngokubanzi xa bethetha ngokusebenza kwengqondo yakho. Kwabaninzi abantu abalinganiselweyo, i-GFR eqhelekileyo iya kuhlala phakathi kwe-60 ukuya kwe-120 ml / min.
Okuqhelekileyo Kuqhelekileyo Kubantu Abaqhelekileyo!
Ukulinganisela kwe-GFR kusekelwe kwifom eyenzelwe abantu abaqhelekileyo abaqhelekileyo. Ekubeni ukubala kuxhomekeke kumgangatho we-creatinine wegazi, owathi uxhomekeke kubukhulu besisundu, akunakusebenza kubantu abakwinqanaba elidlulileyo (abantwana, abantu abangaphezu kwama-70 yrs), okanye ubunzima be-muscle (abantu abane-muscle, ukuhluleka kwesibindi , njl). Ngamanye amazwi, inqanaba le-creatinine le-1.2 (eliqhelekileyo "eliqhelekileyo" njengelinye leel lab) lingaba lilungile kumntu oyisisulu njengoArnold Schwarzenegger kodwa kunokubonisa isifo esibalulekileyo senyoko kumfazi oneminyaka engama-90 ubudala. Nje ngezinga le-BUN, uchwepheshe wezobugcisa kufuneka akwazi ukuxelela ixesha lokuqwalasela i-creatinine kunye namazinga e-GFR engavamile.
Uvavanyo lweeUni
Ukuvavanya umchamo ukujonga iprotheni okanye igazi, kunye nokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali kunokunceda ekuboniseni ubukho beentliziyo zesifo. Iiprotheyini okanye igazi kufuneka ngokuqhelekileyo zingabonakali kwi-urine kwaye zingabonakali ngabamakishi beesifo sezintso. Ugqirha kufuneka anqume ukuba mhlawumbi i-worp ethile kunye / okanye ukuthunyelwa kwi- nephrologist kuqinisekisiwe.
I-Radiological Imaging
Ezi zinto ziquka ukuthatha imifanekiso yeentso usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-ultrasound, i-CT scan okanye i-MRI. Oku kunokukunceda ekuqaliseni umlo kunye nobukhulu bezintso. Iinjongo zizitho zenziwe ngobhontshisi obuphakathi kwe- 8-14 cm (3-5.5 intshi) ngobukhulu (kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bomntu). Izifo ezininzi ezinengqondo ezingapheliyo, ngezinye izinto, zivame ukuphazamisa iinjongo 'zezakhiwo kwaye oku kungathathwa lula kwi-imaging. Omnye unokuphinda akhethe izizathu ezithile zezifo zesifo / ukungasebenzi njengamatye, ukuvinjelwa, i-hydronephrosis, isifo sezintso ze-polycystic, njl njl.
> Umthombo:
> IHHO JE, Guyton AC. (2011). Incwadi yeGuyton neHolo yezobugcisa bezokwelapha . Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier.