I-Strabismus liqela lemiqathango apho omnye okanye zombini amehlo angahambelani, okanye athatyathwe ngqo kwicala elifanayo. Ukuba iliso elinye alijolise kwicala elifanayo njengelinye iliso, imifanekiso emibili iya kubangela ukubangela umbono obini . Nangona i-strabismus idla ngokubonakala kwisebuntwaneni okanye kusebuntwaneni, abantu abadala banokuhlakulela i-strabismus.
Yintoni Ebangela Ukuba Amehlo Akhangeleke?
Abantu banezitho zintandathu zamehlo ngamehlo avumela ukunyakaza kwamehlo.
Ezi zihlunu zisoloko zithola iimpawu zentsholongwane ezisuka kwingqondo elawula ukuhamba kwamehlo kwaye ivumela ukuba amehlo adibanise ukunyakaza ndawonye ukuze amehlo abo abhekiswe kwinqophiso efanayo. Ukuba ulwazi olufunyenwe kule migudu yesigulane alunganga, iliso lingangena, ngaphandle, phezulu okanye phantsi. Iyakuchukumisa iliso elinye okanye zombini amehlo. Iliso elichaphazelekayo lingaguquka rhoqo okanye liphakathi kwaye lingaba lubi nakwixesha lokudinwa okanye ukugula. Kwezinye iimeko, i-strabismus inokuvela ngenxa yokuthintelwa okanye ukuphuhliswa kakubi kwe-ligament.
Ukusebenzisa kokubili amehlo ngokubalulekayo kubalulekile ekuboneni kakuhle. Ukuba iso linye lingasetyenzisiwe, ukuqonda okuphezulu kukukhawulelwe. Ukuba iliso elinye lingakhange lichazwe kwelinye iqhosha, imboniselo emibini ingabangela. Ukuze ukwazi ukujongana nokubona imifanekiso emibini, ingqondo inganciphisa enye yemifanekiso ukuze ubone kuphela umfanekiso omnye. Ingqondo ngokukhawuleza ifunda ukungayithobeli umfanekiso wesibini.
Iintlobo zeStrabismus
I-Strabismus ibizwa ngokubhekiselele kwisikhokelo apho iso liduka khona.
I-esotropia iyenzeka xa iliso lingena ngaphakathi.
I-Exotropia yenzeka xa iliso liphuma ngaphandle.
I-Hypertropia iyenzeka xa iliso liya phezulu.
I-hypotropia yenzeka xa iliso lihla.
Izizathu
Ezinye iintlobo ze-strabismus zibangelwa ukuphuhliswa okungavumelekanga kwenkqubo ye-binocular kwingqondo.
Inkqubo yokuhlala (kugxininisa inkqubo) ivumela amehlo ethu ukuba ashintshe amandla kwaye agxininise ukuze izinto zihlale zicacile kungakhathaliseki ukuba umgama. Inkqubo ye-binocular / alignment ilawula indlela amehlo ethu asebenza ngayo. Xa sibheke kude, amehlo ethu alungile. Xa sibona into esondele kakhulu, amehlo ethu ajika okanye aphendule kwaye amehlo ethu akhulisa amandla abo agxininisa. Xa sibheke emuva kumgama, siyaziphucula amandla ethu okugxila kwaye amehlo abuye aphinde aphendule.
Abantwana abaselula banamanani amaninzi okugxila. Ngenxa yoko, xa umntwana enesibalo esikhulu kakhulu sokungaboni kakuhle , umntwana uzama ukwenza izinto zicacise ngokugxininisa kanzima. Ukuze bafezekise oko, kufuneka bagxininise kakhulu ukuhlawulela ingxaki engabonakaliyo yombono. Xa bagxininisa oku, iifayili kunye neendlela ezijolise kuzo ziqala ukufumana iimpawu ezixubekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iliso elinye liya kuphendulela. Oku kubizwa ngokuthi isotropia.
Inkqubo ekujoliswe kuyo iya kuqalisa ukuthumela izibonakaliso kwiimisipha zamehlo ukuguqula amehlo ngaphakathi. Xa amehlo enyanzelekile ukuba agxininise oku, iimpawu ezingavamile ziya kwiimisipha zamehlo ezibangela ukuba iliso elinye lingene kwaye liwele. Abanye abantwana abanakho ukuhlawula kwaye amehlo abo akayi kuphendulela, kodwa baya kuba nombono obi kakhulu kuba bengaphelelanga.
Ingqondo yabo ikhetha ukugcina izihlunu zichanekile, kodwa zibona umfanekiso ogqithisileyo.
Ezinye iintlobo ze-strabismus, ezifana ne-exotropia, ngamanye amaxesha zibhekiswa njengamehlo enkantso okanye iliso elimangalisayo lingabangela ukuhlukana okukhulu kwimo ye-refractive yeso phakathi kwamazwi amabini. Xa iliso elinye linemithi enkulu kunye nelinye iliso alinalo, ingqondo ingamthandayo iliso elinomngcipheko omncinane okanye omncinci wembono. Xa iliso lingasetyenziselwa ixesha elide, akukho zongeniso zengqondo.
Ngamanye amagama, ingqondo ayisebenzisi loo liso. Ngenxa yoko, iliso lingaqala ukugquma ngaphandle. Oku kuyenzeka xa umntu enesifo sesiso esibangela ukuba umbono oye wancipha.
Ingqondo ayifumananga ulwazi olufanelekileyo kwilo liye kwaye lingaqala ukugxotha ngaphandle. Kwiimeko ezininzi zokungabikho komntwana, akukho nto ibonakalayo.
Ukuphambuka okubonakalayo, apho iliso elinye lingaphakanyiswa okanye elinye iliso liphantsi, lisoloko lubangelwa ukukhubazeka kwimbilini yesine ye-cranial. Ukukhubazeka kudla ngokubangelwa yintlungu, ukuphazamiseka kwi-muscle okanye kwintsholongwane kwaye ngokungaqhelekanga, i-tumor. I-strabismus ye-vertical nayo ingabangela iingxaki ze-neurologic, isifo se-thyroid kunye ne-fibrosis okanye ukusilalisa ngamaxesha amaxesha okuyingxenye yezilonda zezilonda zezilwanyana ezizalelwe, ezifana ne-Duane's retraction syndrome.
Strabismus yexeshana okanye yamanga
Abazali bahlala bebona iliso eliphakathi kwezingane zabo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngeenyanga ezintandathu zokuqala. Oku kukuphawu lophuhliso oluqhelekileyo kwaye ngumqondiso wabantwana abafunda ukusebenzisa amehlo abo kunye. Nangona kunjalo, lo mnqamlezo oqhelekileyo unqabile emva kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala kwaye ukuba kubonakala emva koko, abazali kufuneka bafune iingcebiso zonyango lwabazali okanye i- optometrist okanye i-ophthalmologist.
Ixesha elidityanisiweyo linikezelwa kwiintsana ezithile kunye nabantwana abancinci abonakala ngathi baye bawela amehlo. Oku kubonakala kumaqela athile ahlala apho ibhulorho lempumlo iphosa ngaphezu kwesikhumba okanye esongezelelweyo isikhumba sigxina ikona langaphakathi lamaso. Esi sikhumba esongezelelweyo sibizwa ngokuba yi-epicanthic folds. Ngamanye amaxesha kunika ukubonakala kwamehlo amancinane kwaye kaninzi kuhamba njengoko ubuso bomntwana bukhula.
Unyango
I-Strabismus iphathwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ugqirha lakho kwamehlo liya kukwazi ukufumana isicwangciso sonyango esihle kakhulu.
- Iiglasi - Xa umntwana ehlalisa indawo yokuhlala esotropia ngenxa yamehlo agxininise ukuhlawulela inani elikhulu lokungaboni kakuhle, unyango lukulungele ukulungisa ingxaki yomntwana. Emva kokuba umyalelo ogqithisiweyo we-eyeglass ukhwele, iso aliyi kuphinda lugxininise kwaye amehlo agqitywa ngokukhawuleza. Ukulungisa ingxaki yombono ngokukhawuleza kuphelisa ezininzi zokuphambuka kodwa kusenokwenzeka xa kuguqulelwa amehlo ngexesha lokufunda. Kule meko, ilensi ye-bifocal imiselwe ukuba inike amandla angongeziweyo.
- I-Prism - I-Prism yintlobo yelensi ekhangela ukukhanya kwindlela ethile. Oogqirha bamajoni banako ukubeka i-prism ukuhambisa izinto kwiindawo ezivumela umntu onxibayo ukuba akwazi ukuxubusha imifanekiso ukuze kungabikho mbono kabini. Oku kubalulekile kwezinye izigulane ezibona umbono obini ngokubangelwa yintambo. Kwezinye iimeko, i-prism enegunya elingaphantsi linokumiselwa ukuphucula umboniso wezonyango ze-strabismus.
- Umbono Wonyango - I-Treatment Therapy (VT) iquka ezininzi iindlela ezihlukeneyo ukuba zilungele i-strabismus okanye zivumele umntu ojongene ne-strabismus ukuba afunde xa iliso linyuka ukuze bafunde ukusebenzisa izihlunu zamehlo ukuze banciphise. Maxa wambi amajelo athile kunye neenkqubo zeprosoft software zisetyenziselwa ukunika ingxelo yokuziphatha komntu ukulawula ukuphambuka kweso. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukusetyenziswa kwemisipha yamehlo okwenziwe kwenzelwa ukuqinisa imisipha yamehlo. VT iyaphumelela kakhulu kwi-exotropia kunye neentlobo ezincinci ze-esotropia kodwa zingaphumeleli kwiimali ezininzi ze-esotropia.
- Ugqirha - Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo omzimba we-strabismus kuphumelele kakhulu kwiimeko ezininzi. Abagqirha bamajoni abakhethekileyo ekusebenzisweni kwezilonda zezilwanyana basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya ukunciphisa okanye ukuhambisa imisipha yeziliso. I-sutures ezilungelelweyo zisetyenziselwa ukuhlaziya ukulungiswa kwemisipha yamehlo emva kokuhlinzwa.
- I-Botox - I-toxin ye-Botulinum ifakwe ngqo kwi-muscle yokulawula ukunyuka kwamehlo. Le nto ibimbela i-nervous impulse kwaye ibangela ukuba imisipha ikhubazeke. Le misipha iyanqumla kwaye ezinye izihlunu zamehlo zithatha i-slack ukulungisa iso. Izigulane ze-strabismus yinto yokuqala yokusetyenziswa kweBotox kwiinkonzo zempilo.