Ziyintoni i-Masses Breast Look like a Mammogram?
Abantu abaninzi balungiselela izilwanyana zabo eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ngaba uyazi malunga neziphumo ze-radiologists zijonge kule mizobo? Ungayichazela njani umahluko phakathi kweethambo eziqhelekileyo, izicubu ze-fibrocystic, kunye nomhlaza wesibeleko kule mizobo?
Makhe sijonge ezinye zeziphumo eziqhelekileyo kwi-mammogram enokuyifunda ngayo kwingxelo yakho, kunye nokuba kutheni kunzima ngezinye iinkhathi ukwazi ukuba ukungaqhelekanga kuyinkinga okanye kungekho ngaphandle kweminye imvavanyo efana ne-breast ultrasound, isifuba I-MRI, okanye isifuba sebele.
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I-Breast Tissue eqhelekileyo kwiMammogramUninzi lwabasetyhini luya kuba ne-mammogram yabo yokuqala kwiminyaka engama-40, kwaye oku kunokusebenza njengesiseko esilungileyo apho ukuthelekisa imifanekiso yakho kwixesha elizayo.
Kukho inamba yezikhokelo zokuhlaziya umdlavuza webele, ezahlukahluka kuxhomekeke kwintlangano eyenza iziphakamiso. I-American College ye-Obstetrics kunye ne-Gynecology incomela ukuhlolwa kwonyaka ukuqala kwiminyaka engama-40. I-American Cancer Society incoma amanqaku eminyaka ephakathi kweminyaka engama-45 no-54, kwaye i-US Preventive Services Task Force ikhuthaza amanxeba onke unyaka omnye phakathi kweminyaka eyi-50 no-74. "Ukhetho olukhethekileyo" kuwe ngulokho wena kunye nodokotela wakho nisigqibo malunga nendawo enobungozi bakho kunye nezifiso.
Ukuba ne-basic mammogram kungakhathaliseki ukuba imvama yezilwanyana zakho zinceda gqitha. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, amabele amabhinqa angatshintsha, ingakumbi emva kokubeleka, emva kwesifuba sebele, okanye ngokufakelwa kwebele. Akuqhelekanga ukufumana izibane, ama-cyst, ama-masses, ama-calcifications, okanye i-tissue.
Amammograms anceda ekufumaneni kwangaphambili kunye nokuhlolwa kwesifo somhlaza wesifuba. Imimandla emnyama nemhlophe emfanekisweni we-mammogram ihambelana neethambo eziqhelekileyo ezinamafutha kunye nezicubu ezincinci zesifuba kunye namadada kunye ne-lobes, ngokulandelanayo. Izibilini zesisu ziya kubonakala zimhlophe kuba zibuhlungu kunezinye iimbali kwibele.
Lo mfanekiso uyisisu esinqambileyo sesifuba esinoqhelekileyo, esinohlobo lwabasetyhini abadala, ezingenayo ezininzi izicubu ezininzi. Ukuxhamla izilonda ezingavumelekanga, izilwanyana ezinobungozi, okanye umdlavuza webele unobulungisa ngakumbi xa kwenziwa kubasetyhini ngamabele amancinci, ngokuqhelekileyo abasetyhini abadala.
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I-Dental Breense Tissue kwi-MammogramAbasetyhini abasetyhini, ingakumbi abo abangazange babe nabantwana, ngokuqhelekileyo banamaqabunga amaninzi kwaye aqinile. Isifuba esisinyeneyo senza ukuba nzima ukufunda. Izixhobo ze-Mammography ziyakwazi ukutshintshela kumfanekiso obuninzi okanye amanxeba amanoni, kodwa i-mammograms ibonwa ngokuchanekileyo kwiisisindo ezinamafutha kunye nabasetyhini abadala.
Umfanekiso wesimmogram ubonisa ezimbini iimpawu zamabele aqhelekileyo. Imimandla emnyama yimizimba enamafutha, iindawo ezikhanyayo zizinto ezinamaqhekeza ezinomdaka, i-lobes, kunye nezinye izinto. Iindawo ezinqabileyo ze-mammogram zityhila iisifuba zesifuba ezinokuthi zibe yingqungquthela (inxalenye yobume benkqubo yobisi) okanye izibilini zesifuba.
Abafazi be-Premenopausal, ngokukodwa abasetyhini abangazange bakhulelwe, banokuthi babe neengxube ezincinci zebele. Ngenxa yokuba amabele anamafutha alula ukufumana i-mammogram ukuba ibonwe, izicubu ezincinci ngamanye amaxesha zifihla imimandla yeendawo ezifuna ukufuphi. Ukuba indawo ethile idinga umfanekiso olungcono, i- breast ultrasound iqhelekileyo isinyathelo esilandelayo.
Kwababhinqa abasebatsha abaneenkcukacha ezinobungqina bentsapho yomhlaza wesifuba, okanye abo baziwa ukuba baneenguquko zemizimba ezandisa ingozi, i-MRI ingamanye amaxesha ingabonisa imifanekiso engcono xa izicubu ezincinci zikhoyo.
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Izibalo zesisu kwiMammogramKulo mfanekiso wesithompi, indawo ezimnyama ziqhekeza eziqhelekileyo ezinamafutha omzimba kunye neendawo ezigqithiseleyo ziindawo ezilukhuni. Amabala amhlophe ayabalwa, aboniswe ngoloya olubomvu. Ukubalwa kwamabele kusekhompyutheni yokuziphatha, njengoko kubalwa ukubalwa kwamanani emabisi ebele. Oku kuthathwa njengento engavumelekanga, kodwa ingabi ngumhlaza.
I-microcalcifications iincinci ezincinci ze-calcium ezingabonakalisa kumaqela okanye kwiipatheni (ezifana nezibonda) kwaye zidibaniswa nomsebenzi weselunwe olongezelelweyo kwiisisu zebele. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukukhula kweeseli ezongezelelweyo akukona umdlavuza, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha amaqoqo anamandla ezinkcenkceshelo zingabonakalisa isilumkiso sokuqala seeseli ezinqabileyo. Ukuchithwa kwezinto ezinqabileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisa uphawu lweethambo ezinobulunga .
Kule meko, lo mfazi wacebiswa ukuba abe ne-follow-up mammogram kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuthelekisa. Ukuba ibhinqa inomlenze ehambelana nokubalwa, kunjalo, kufuneka uvavanyo olukhawulezayo.
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I-Fibrocystic Breast Tissue kwiMammogramI- fibroadenoma okanye i- cyst yimizimba yesifo esilumkileyo esisenokubonakala kwiisisu ze-fibrocystic. Ezi zinokubonakala zodwa, okanye ngamaqela, kwaye ziqhelekileyo kwiimimmograms ezibonakala ngathi zininzi. Le mammogram ibonisa indawo ezixubileyo ezifana neenguqu ze- fibrocystic . Unokubona kwakhona ezinye iidoksi, ngeepatheni abazenzayo.
Utshintsho oluqhelekileyo lwe-fibrocystic kwisibindi sakho lunokuchaphazeleka yintshintsho ye-hormonal yenyanga nganye enokuthi ikhuphe ekumeni. Phantse isiqingatha sabo bonke abasetyhini bafumana utshintsho lwe-fibrocystic kwiibele zabo, ngakumbi kwiminyaka yabo enesivuno.
Utshintsho lwe-Fibrocystic kwibele aluqhelekanga uphawu lwesifo kwaye alufunanga unyango. Ezi zinguqu ngezinye izihlandlo zingabangela intlungu yesisu kunye nobumhlophe, ngoko ukuba le nto ingxaki, tyelela ugqirha wakho uncedo.
Ukuba ukungaqhelekanga kucingelwa ukuba yi-cyst, i-breast ultrasound ivame ukuyenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-cyst kunokugqithisa. Ngokukhokelwa kwe-ultrasound, i-radiologist inokubeka inaliti kwi-cyst ukuyifaka, kunye ne-cyst iya kubonakala kwi-ultrasound.
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Ubumbele besisu kwiMammogramLe mammogram ibonisa indawo ebumnyama yesikhumba esilunqamle. Iindawo ezinqabileyo zinamaqabunga amathumbu anamaqatha aquka ama-duc kunye ne-lobes. Indawo emhlophe kakhulu iyona, ibonisa isifo somhlaza , esiboniswe ngotsho olubomvu kwicala elingezantsi lasekunene lomfanekiso.
Isisu esinomdlavuza esiswini sakhiwa ngobunzima beeseli zomhlaza ezikhulayo ngendlela engavumelekanga, engalawulwayo. Isisu sinokuhlasela izicubu ezijikelezileyo, okanye zingenza iiseli zibe yinkqubo yegazi okanye i-lymph. Ukuba iisununu zithutha ngaphaya kwesiza sokuqala kwaye zisasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, kuthathwa njengomdlavuza webele we-metastatic.
Isisu sesisu sidinga ukuba unyango ngokuhlinzwa kwaye lingafuna i-chemotherapy, i-radiation, ityrapy ye-biological, kunye / okanye unyango lwe-hormonal. Xa isisu sesisu sifumaneka kwisigaba sokuqala somhlaza webele, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphathwe ngempumelelo, ukukhusela ukusabalala okanye ukuphindaphinda.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba nangona utshintsho lubukeka lufana nesifo somhlaza kwi-mammogram, kukho ezinye iinguqu ezinobulunga ezinobungqingili obufana nomhlaza wesisu . Xa oku kwenzekayo, ukucinga okuqhubekayo, kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo le-biopsy, kuyimfuneko ukuba wazi ukuba ungumhlaza ngokwenene okanye awukho.
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Ukufakelwa kwesisu kwiMammogramLe mammogram ibonisa iimbono ezibini zesifuba emva kwe-mastectomy kunye nokwakhiwa ngokufakelwa kwesifuba se- silicone. Eli bhinqa laphethwe ngempumelelo ngohlobo lomhlaza wesifuba olubizwa ngokuba yi- ductal carcinoma . Amammograms athathwe emva kokuxilongwa komhlaza wesifuba kubalulekile ukuhlola iimvavanyo. Akukho bubungqina bomdlavuza webantshi kule mizobo.
Amammograms angenziwa kwiimpilisi zebele xa ukusetyenziswa kancinci kungasetyenziswanga kunezinto ezifunekayo kwimizimba yesisu. Kwiimbini zombini zokubuyiselwa kwezibeleko, ukufakelwa kwemveliso kubonakala njengendawo ekhanyayo, epholileyo. Oku kufakwa kufakwe kwi-pocket kwodonga lwesifuba. Isihlunu sendonga sesifuba sibonakala njengendawo ephakathi kwamnyama ngaphandle kokuveliswa.
Qaphela ukuba umboniso ophezulu, obizwa ngokuba yi-cranial-caudal view, ubonisa indawo encinane kunombono odibeneyo, obizwa ngokuba yi-mediolateral view. Ukuba nale mibono mibili kunceda kakhulu oogqirha ukucacisa impilo yempilo.
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I-Mammogram kunye neMRI UkufanisaAmammograms iyisisitye sokuqala esiluncedo sokusetyenziswa kwempilo yesifuba, kodwa ukufumana inkcazelo engaphezulu kwendawo ethile, okanye ukukhenkceza abasetyhini abasemngciphekweni ophezulu abanamaqabunga amaninzi, i- MRI (imagination magnetic resonance) ingathatha umbala ophezulu, umfanekiso ocacileyo.
I-MRIs yesisu ixabisa kakhulu kunamammograms, kwaye izixhobo azifumanekanga ngokubanzi. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, i-MRI teknoloji ayisetyenziselwa ukuhlolisiswa kwesisu ngokuqhelekileyo kodwa isetyenziselwa ukuxilonga izicubu ezingaqhelekanga okanye ikhutshana abo basengozini enkulu yokukhula komhlaza webele. Kwakhona kusetyenziswa rhoqo, ngakumbi kubasetyhini abasebancinci, ukubeka esweni esinye isifuba sokuphucula umdlavuza webele xa ibhinqa linemastectomy kwelinye icala.
Ezi zimbini zecala ngokubhekiselele zibonisa i-mammography ngakwesobunxele kunye ne-MRI ngakwesokudla. Umfanekiso we-MRI ubonisa umgangatho ocacileyo weenkcukacha, oku kunceda kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Ukuba i-mammogram ibonise ubunzima besifuba obonakala bubuhlungu, i-MRI okanye i-ultrasound inganika ulwazi oluchanileyo. Ukuba i-MRI igqiba ukuba ubunzima bubukeka nomhlaza, isinyathelo esilandelayo sisifuba sebele .
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Ingxelo yakho yeMammogramIngxelo yakho yempilo iya kuchaza iziphumo ezikhankanywe ngasentla. Ukuba awuqinisekanga malunga naluphi na ukufunyaniswa kuthetha, xela ugqirha wakho.
Ukongezelela ekuboneni nasiphi na iziphumo, uza kubona inombolo ebizwa ngokuba yi- BIRADS inombolo. IBIRADS ibhekisela kwiNgxelo yokuBaliswa kokuBaliswa kweBesitrasi kunye neNkqubo yeDatha, kwaye inikezela inombolo eqikelele ukuba kungenzeka ukuba i-mammogram yakho iyinto eqhelekileyo okanye ibonisa umhlaza. Ukuba awuzange ube ne-biopsy, uya kuba nenani phakathi kwe-1 no-5.
- I-1, ibhekisela kwisimmogram eqhelekileyo
- 2, inobungozi okanye ingalunganga
- 3, mhlawumbi unobungozi
- 4, mhlawumbi iyingozi
- 5, iyingozi, nangona kukho iimeko ezinokulinganisa umdlavuza kwi-mammogram
Ngaphantsi kweMifanekiso yeMammogram
Amammograms anokuncedisa ukuxilongwa kwesifo somhlaza wesifuba kwaye unokufumana iidlingozi ezingasenakwenzeka. Ngelo xesha, inkxalabo ye-overdiagnosis iye yakhuliswa kwiminyaka yamuva. Ngokomzekelo, ubukho bezinto ezincinci, ngelixa ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha ugqirha wakho kumhlaza ongaphantsi, unobangela obuninzi bokubangela.
Ukongezwa kwezi ziinqununu ezihlukeneyo ngemibutho emininzi, kunye nemibono eyahlukileyo yoogqirha abaninzi. Oko oku kuhla ke kukuba kufuneka ube ngummeli wakho kwinkathalo yakho yempilo. Funda malunga nokukhawuleka kwe-mammogram. Ukuba unomdla ngenxa yengxelo yentsapho eqinile yomdlavuza webele, xela ugqirha malunga nokukhetha ukuba ne-breast MRI. Ukuba uhlakula i-bump, i-breast ultrasound ngamanye amaxesha iyakunceda xa ufumana ukuxilongwa.
Nangona konke oku kubalulekile, "unyango" olungcono kukukhusela umdlavuza ovela kwindawo yokuqala. Nangona iimeko ezininzi zeengcambu zivela ngenxa yesizathu esicacileyo, kwaye siyazi ukuba abaninzi abafazi abanempilo kakhulu banomdlavuza webele, zikhona ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wakho. Ukutya ukutya okunempilo kwiziqhamo nemifuno kukuqala. Ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka kwakhona. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abafazi abanamazinga aphantsi e-vitamin D banokungena ingozi. Kwinqanaba lakho elizayo, cela udokotela wakho ukuba ahlole izinga lakho le-vitamin D. Ukuba iphantsi iyakunceda ufumane iindlela zokuphakamisa, nokuba oko kuthetha ukuthatha ixesha elincinane elangeni okanye ukuthatha i-vitamin D eyongezelelweyo.
> Imithombo
> I-American Cancer Society. Yintoni Ugqirha efuna kwiMammogram? Updated 10/09/17. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/mammograms/what-does-the-do-------mammogram.html
> Iwase, M., Tsunoda, H., Nakayama, K. et al. Ukugqithisa iziphumo ezingekho phantsi kweengozi: Amaqela e-Amorphous Calcifications ahlanganiswe kwi-Screening Mammography ehambelana nobungozi obukhulu beCcercer. Ngomhlaza webele . 2017 24 (4): 579-584.