IiRabi ayikho inkxalabo yezempilo yoluntu ukuba kwakunjalo, kodwa iyaqhubeka iyala intlonelo ngenxa yemiphumo emibi. Isifo sesandulela ngculaza sisasazeka ngokubodwa ngokulunywa kwezilwanyana kwaye, xa sishiywa singakhange siphendulwe, sinokubangelwa iimpawu ezinzulu zesifo somzimba kuquka ukukhulelwa komkhuhlane, intloko, ukunyanyisa, ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha, ukukhubazeka, nokudideka kwengqondo.
IiRabi ziyakuthintela enye yeigcino ezivunyiweyo ze-FDA ezimbini. Uchungechunge lwezibhengezo, lwaqalisa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuluma, lunokunceda abantu abangenasigxina abaphephe eso sifo. Ngelishwa, xa kubonakala iimpawu, eso sifo sisoloko sibulala.
Ngokwezibalo ezivela kumaziko okuLawula nokuLawula (i-CDC), iimeko ezingama-23 kuphela zeerbi zezilwanyana ziye zabikwa e-US ukususela ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2017.
Iimpawu
Ngexesha lokuqala lokusulela, kunokubakho ambalwa, ukuba kukho na, iimpawu ngaphandle kwefiva okanye intloko. Ixesha eliphakathi kokuchazwa kunye nempawu zesifo, eyaziwa njengexesha lokutshala, lingabaleka ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kwi-90 ngokuqhelekileyo.
Njengoko usulelo luyaqhubeka kwaye lwenza indlela yalo ebuchotsheni, iimpawu ze- encephalitis (ukuvuvukala kwengqondo) kunye ne- meningitis (ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezungeze ingqondo kunye nomqolo wamagxa) kuya kukhula. Ngethuba lesi sihlandlo esilandelayo, umntu unokuqala ukufumana ubuninzi obunokuqhubekayo kwaye obuninzi obuphawulekayo beempawu zenyama kunye neuropsychiatric, kuquka
- Ukuphelelwa kwesidlo
- Isihlunu kunye nokuhlanza
- Ukuqonda ukukhanya
- Ukugqithisa ngokweqile
- Ukuxhalabisa nokukhathazeka
- Paranoia
- Ukuziphatha okungavumelekanga (kuquka ulwalamano kunye nobutyho)
- Hallucinations
- I-Hydrophobia (unganakunxanwa unxungule ukungakwazi ukugwinya okanye ukubonisa ukwethuka xa uhanjiswa ngamanzi okusela)
- Ukuxhamla
- Ukukhubazeka ngokwengxenye
Ukususela kweli nqanaba, isifo sinokuphuthuma ngokukhawuleza, siholele ekudleni, ekuhlaleni nasekufeni ekupheleni kweentsuku ezisixhenxe ukuya kwi-10. Xa kubonakala iimpawu ezibonakalayo, unyango luze lube lusebenza.
Esi sifo empeleni kwakubizwa ngokuba yi-hydrophobia (ukwesaba kwamanzi) ngenxa yegama elithiakeake.
Izizathu
IiRabi zibangelwa yintsholongwane yegciwane elibizwa ngokuba yi- lyssavirus , apho kukho izilwanyana ezi-14 ezilwanyana. Intsholongwane ngokwayo inokufumaneka kwiindawo eziphezulu kwi-saliva kunye neeseli zeentsholongwane zesilwanyana esisifo okanye umntu. Ukulinywa kwezilwanyana yindlela yokuhambisa, nangona usulelo luyakwazi ukudluliswa ngokuphatha izilwanyana ezifileyo. Ukudluliselwa phakathi kwabantu kunqabile kakhulu.
Xa umntu esilwa, ehlatywe, okanye ebonakalayo kumzimbeni womzimba osulelekileyo (mhlawumbi ngamehlo, impumlo, umlomo okanye iphulo ephukileyo), intsholongwane iya kuhamba ngeentsholongwane zenkqubo yembambano yecala kumgca womgca kunye nengqondo.
EUnited States, ukubetha iindawo eziqhelekileyo zihamba ngokugqithiseleyo kokuhamba kwezilwanyana ukuya kubantu, zilandelwa zizilwanyana ezinja. Ezinye izilwanyana zaseNyakatho zaseMelika ezixhaphakileyo ziquka ii-raccoons, iminyango, iimpungulu, iinkomo, ama-coyotes kunye neekati zasekhaya.
Amazwe anesisindo esiphezulu sezilwanyana zezilwanyana zaseTexas, eVirginia, ePennsylvania, eNew York, eMargan, eNew Jersey, eGeorgia naseCalifornia.
Ukuxilongwa
Kuza kubekho, akukho mvavanyo ekhoyo ukufumanisa i-rabies yabantu phambi kokuqala kweempawu. Ngaloo ndlela, unyango luya kuqalwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba umntu utyatywe yilwanyana yasendle okanye nayiphi na isilwanyana esityhololwa ukuba neerbi. Ngenxa yobunzima bokubhubhisa i-rabies, akukho sizathu sokuba silinde.
Yintoni ekuthethwa ngayo, ukuba isilwanyana esikrokrekileyo siphelile, iimvavanyo zingenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe intsholongwane ngokuthatha iisampuli zamathambo ebuchosheni. Ukuba kukho isilwanyana esibonakalisa isilwanyana, ukulawula izilwanyana kuyakubeka phantsi ukuze izicubu zengqondo zikhishwe ukuze zihlolwe.
Unyango
Ixesha lilona litshintsho xa kubonakala ukuba kulungelelaniswe imilwanyana.
Utyando lubandakanya ukutyhulwa kwe-4 ye-rabies yokugonya kunye nesibhozo esisodwa seziyobisi ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-rabies yomntu i-immunoglobulin (HRIG). I-HRIG iqulethe iintsholongwane ze-immune ezisebenzisekayo ngokukhawuleza kwaye zilawule igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ide igcine isitofu sokusebenza.
U-HRIG unikezelwa kuphela kubantu abangazange bachithwe ngaphambili. Ijojowe ngqo kwilonda. Naluphi na umrhumo oza kutshaywa kwi-muscle kude nalapho ikhutshulwa khona. (Injecting HRIG kakhulu kufuphi nesayithi lokugonya ingaphazamisa impendulo yomzimba.)
Kukho amalungiselelo amabini akwa-HRIG avunyelwe kule njongo:
- I-Imogam Rabies-HT (i-rabies yomntu i-immune globulin)
- I-HyperRab TM S / D (i-rabies yabantu i-immune globulin)
Unyango kufuneka uqaliswe ngaphandle kokulibaziseka kwaye kungekudala emva kweentsuku ezili-10 emva kokuvelela. Utshutshiso lokuqala lwe-HRIG kunye nesifo sokugonya ngedlwengulo sinikezelwa ngokukhawuleza; ezintathu zonyango zokugonya zinikezelwa ezintathu, ezisixhenxe, kunye neentsuku ezili-14 kamva.
Iziphumo zempembelelo zincinci kwaye zibandakanya intlungu yesayiliti kunye nomkhuhlane omncinci.
Thintelo
Kukho izigulane ezimbini zokugonywa kwezigulane ezivunyelwe ukusetyenziswa eUnited States, ezo zombini zenziwa ngentsholongwane engasebenziyo engabangela ukusuleleka:
- Imovax (isitofu sokugonya kwe-diploid yoluntu)
- I-RabAvert (isitofu sokugonywa kwesitokisi se-chicken)
Zomibini zihanjiswa ngumjovo kwi-muscle yeengalo ezingaphezulu kwizilingo ezintathu. Emva kokudubula kokuqala, okwesibini unikezelwa iintsuku ezisixhenxe emva koko, kwaye okwesithathu unikezelwa iintsuku ezili-14 ukuya kwezi-21 emva koko.
Nangona iziphumo zempembelelo zivame ukuba zincinci (kubandakanywa intlungu yesajaji, ukuxakeka kwentlungu, intloko, kunye nesicathulo), abanye abantu baye baziwa ukuba bafumana isifo esichukumisayo esinokubulala esaziwa njenge-anaphylaxis. Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba iRabAvert kufuneka igwenywe kubantu abanamaqanda awaziwayo kunye ne-Imovax.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, uchungechunge lwe-rabies lokugonywa lunikela ngeminyaka eyi-10 yokukhusela umzimba. Kulabo abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuhlaselwa kweerbibi, izibhengezo zesikhombiso zinganikwa zonke iinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwiminyaka emibini, njengoko kuyimfuneko. Abantu abasengozini enkulu baquka:
- Abo bahlala beqhagamshelana nezilwanyana zasendle kwiindawo apho i-rabies ingozi iyaziwa (kubandakanywa namagosa asekuhlaleni amazilwanyana, izilwanyana zezilwanyana, abaphathi bezilwanyana kunye ne-grove spelunkers)
- Abahambi bamazwe ngamazwe abanokuqhagamshelana nezilwanyana kwiindawo zehlabathi apho i-rabies ihlala khona
ILizwi
Impumelelo eyenziwa ngamagosa ezempilo karhulumente ekulawuleni izidlwengulo eUnited States ayifumanekanga inxalenye encinci kwisitofu esasasazekayo sezilwanyana zasekhaya. Wonke urhulumente unemithetho yokugonywa kwezilwanyana ngaphandle kweKansas, eMissouri, nase-Ohio. Oko kwathiwa, phakathi kwabo benzayo, imithetho iyahluka ngohlobo lwe-vaccination, imfuneko yokukhutshwa kwe-booster, nokuba ingaba izinja zizidinga kodwa iikati azizi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imithetho yakho yomthetho, kubalulekile ukukhusela isilwanyana sakho kwaye ulandele i-rabies yokugonywa ngesikhokelo esinikezwa yi-American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA).
Kule nto, zonke izinja, iikati kunye neefriji kufuneka zinikezwe umlinganiselo omnye wokugonywa kwama-rabies ngaphaya kweenyanga ezi-3 ubudala, zilandelwa yi-booster edutshulwa emva konyaka, kunye nezibhengezo ezongezelelweyo ezongezelelweyo zinikezelwa emva kweminyaka emithathu emva koko.
Ngokukhusela isilwanyana sakho, uya kukhusela intsapho yakho kunye noluntu lwakho.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA). IiRabies Vaccination. Lakewood, Colorado; kukhutshwa ngo-2017.
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). Rabies Zabantu. Atlanta, Georgia; hlaziywa ngoAgasti 23, 2017.
> CDC. Ukunyamekela kwezilwanyana zeRabies - IiRabi zoLuntu ze-Immune Globulin. Ukuhlaziywa kweyoKwindla 23, 2016.
> Yousaf, M .; Qasim, M .; Zia, S. et al. IiRabies molecular virology, ukuxilongwa, ukuthintela, kunye nonyango. Utywala J. 2012; 9: 50. INGXELO 10.1186 / 1743-422X-9-50.