Uthintelo Lokuthintela Usulelo
Kubonakala xa umntwana omnye egula ekhaya, wonke umntu ugula. Kodwa esibhedlele, akusona isigulane esinye sigula. Kungaba ngamakhulu izigulane. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha kunye nabongikazi abazinyamekelayo abagulayo. Abahambelani njengokuba baya kwenyanga, kodwa basoloko bephepha ukugula. Kanjani?
Kukho imithetho elula kakhulu ngabahlengikazi, oogqirha kunye nabanye balandela ukugcina bekhuselekileyo kwizibhedlele.
Ngaphandle koko, ukusuleleka kunokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwizibhedlele nezibhedlele ziza kuba ziindawo apho abantu bagula khona, kungekhona ngcono.
Ezinye imithetho zilula kakhulu
Umgaqo olula u:
1. Musa ukuthinta, ngaphandle kokuba ufuna.
Ithetha ukuba:
Musa ukuxhaphaza izandla nabani na abagulayo. Ungachukumisi ubuso bakho. Ungathinti nantoni na ongayifunayo.
2. Geza izandla zakho.
Ithetha ukuba:
Ukuhlamba izandla phambi nangemva kokuba uthintela isigulane.
Mithetho e ngakumbi
Kukho eminye imigaqo ngokukodwa kubongikazi noogqirha ukukhusela kwezinye izifo.
Yiyiphi inqununu efunekayo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezichazwe kuyo - ziphi iinxalenye zomzimba kunye naluphi utywala lomzimba. Ukukhuselwa kuya kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu okanye izifo isiguli. Indlela esizikhusela ngayo kwi-sneeze ihluke kwiintsholongwane zesikhumba.
Le migaqo kufuneka ilandelwe phambi kokuba i-diagnostic yenziwe. Iimpawu okanye ukusola kwesifo kufuneka zenze amanyathelo okukhusela.
Akukho mntu kufuneka alinde ukuxilongwa ngokucacileyo ukuba athathe amanyathelo kwaye akhuseleke.
Kwezinye izifo, ngaphezulu komthetho omnye usebenza. Intsholongwane ebangela ukuba kubanda kubanjwe kwi-sneeze okanye ukuxhaphaza. Kufuneka iilumkiso ezimbini zokulinda.
Iisethi ezine zeNqununu ezigcina ukhuselekileyo kwizibhedlele:
Ukuqapha konke
Zonke izigulane kufuneka ziphathwe njengokuba zinentsholongwane yegazi nangona azinjalo kwaye siye savavanya.
Akukho mntu ufanele afikelele ekudibaniseleni kunye negazi. Akukho mntu omele adibane namanye amachiza omzimba ochaphazelekayo, okubandakanya: i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ukusuka ekugqithweni kwe-lumbar, i-fluid ukusuka kumalungu, imiphunga, iintliziyo, izibilini (indawo ye-peritoneal), kunye nezigcini zangasese, i-semen, kunye ne-amniotic fluid ngexesha lokubeleka). Iiglavu kufuneka zihlale zigqitywa nayiphi na inkqubo okanye iimviwo ezingabandakanya igazi okanye ezi zixhobo, ezifana nokudweba igazi, ukufaka i-IV, ukwenza i-lumbar puncture. Ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokukhupha umbane, kufuneka kube nokukhuselwa kwamehlo kunye nemaski, kunye neengubo xa zifunwa (ezifana nokuzalwa).
- Iimpawu zokunqandwa kwamanye amazwe azibandakanyi izixhobo zomzimba ngaphandle kwegazi, izifo zomzimba eziqukethe igazi elibonakalayo, kunye nezifo zomzimba ezichaphazelekayo ezikhankanywe ngasentla (CSF, amniotic fluid, i-fluid esuka kumaphaphu, amajoyina, njl. Nangona kunjalo, kulindeleke ukuba uMlawuli oPhezulu loGawulayo ukhusele ukuba izisilumkiso, ingakumbi iiglavu, zisetyenziselwa ezi zixhobo (izikhuni zamanzi, i-sputum, i-sweat, iinyembezi, umchamo, ubisi lwebele, iifesi kunye nokuhlanza).
- Ezi zikhuselo zihluke kwiinkqubo zokulondoloza ezinyathelo ezisetyenziselwa iinkqubo ezingenasiphelo, njengokuhlinzwa, xa umgaqo uwuku: Sebenzisa iiglavu ezinobumba, isambatho esinyumba, i-cap, i-mask ngelixa ugubungela isigulane kwisigxina esipheleleyo.
Qha ga mshelana
Kuba nabani na abaneempawu ezingasasazeka ngoqhagamshelwano. Oku kubandakanya izigulane ezinehudo, ngakumbi ukuba ziyaziwa zibangelwa nguClostridium difficile, i-norovirus kunye ne-rotavirus. Oku kuquka izigulane ezinezikhuhlane ezithile, ikakhulukazi iilum kunye neentsholo. Oku kungabandakanya ezinye iintsholongwane zokuphefumula, ezifana ne-enterovirus kunye ne-adenovirus, ezinokusasaza okanye ukuthinta kwiiptogram, ii-cookie kunye nezinye izinto, esizibiza ngokuba yi-fomites (izinto ezinokudlulisa izifo).
Ezi zilumkiso nazo zingasetyenziselwa izilwanyana ezinganyangekiyo, njengeMSASA (i-aureus engamelana ne-Staphylococcal aureus), i-CRE (i-Carbapenem-resistant entobacteriaceae), i-VRE (i-Vococonic-resistant entereococci).
- Nabani ongena kwigumbi lesigulane kufuneka agqoke iiglavu (kunye nesambatho).
- Ukukhusela okukhuselekileyo kuxhomekeke ekukhutshweni okukhuselekileyo kwezikhuselo ezikhuselekileyo, ngakumbi iiglavu.
- Oku kunceda ukuphepha ukuthintela ukusulela ekuthintekeni isigulane (okanye ifomu).
Iimpawu zokuLawulwa kweDroplet
Ukusuleleka kwiintsholongwane eziqhutyelwa rhoqo ngokukhwehlela kunye nokukrazula (ukusuka kwiintsholongwane kwimpumlo kunye nasusus ukuya kumaphaphu).
Ezi zithintelo zigubungela izigulane ezineempawu okanye iimpawu: umkhuhlane, ezinye iintsholongwane zokuphefumula (i-parainfluenza virus, i-adenovirus, i-virus ye-syncytial virus (RSV), i-metapneumovirus yabantu, i-mumps) kunye ne-bhakteriya (ukukhwehlela okanye i-pertussis). Ezinye izigulane ezinama-meningitides e-Neisseria , iqela le-streptococcus - lifuna ezi zikhuselo kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala zonyango.
- Musa ukuma 3-6 inyawo ukusuka kwisigulane. Ukuthetha, ukukrazula, okanye ukukhwehlela kungathumela iintsholongwane ezithintekayo ezinyaweni ezintathu.
- Nabani ongena kwigumbi lesigulane ugqoke imaski yokugada
- Izigulane zinokwabelana ngegumbi ukuba omnye umntu unesifo esifanayo. Ngaphandle koko, baqhelekile.
- Amadonsa amancinci kodwa amakhulu kunama-microns ama-5. Oko kukuthi inkulu 1/200 ye-millimeter.
Ukuqapha kwamanzi
Ezi ziqulatho zifunekayo kwiintsholongwane ezincinci ezinamaqela amancinci amancinci avumela ukuba athambile emoyeni. Ezi ncinane ze dollops, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-nuclei, zivame ukuphuma xa ukuphefumla (ukukhwehlela, ukukrazula okanye ukuthetha) kwaye unako ukuhamba ngaphesheya kwinto elula yokunyanga. Zincinci kakhulu iintsholongwane ezithintekayo ezingakwenza oko. I-inkukhu kuphela (kuze kube yilapho izilonda zinyuka) okanye i-herpes zoster (i-shingles) kumntu ongenamntu omzimba okanye osasazwayo, imasisi kunye nesifo sofuba (TB) zifumaneka kwizibhedlele.
Ezi nuclei zinjengamaconsi, kodwa nje isini. Ngokuqhelekileyo zingaphantsi kwama-5 microns - okanye i-1/200 ye-millimeter. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona kunjalo, banokuba baninzi. Iincinci i-nuclei, isisifo esinzulu siyafikelela kwimiphunga.
Kwiimeko ezincinci, izifo ziyakwazi ukukhangela i-aerosolized and made airborne. I-Hantavirus evela kwiigundane ingaba yi-aerosolized by i-vacuuming bedding okanye i-anthrax spores xa i-powders. Ingqungquthela yayinjalo - kodwa yachithwa. I-Tularemia ingaba yi-aerosolized ukusuka kumthi onogwaja ukuba mhlawumbi umtshini we-lawn utshabalalisa isidleke.
Xa ababoneleli benonophelo bezempilo benza iinkqubo ezinokudala imithombo yamathambo e-infamous-infection-such as intubating patient-infecttion masks, kunye nezigulane zokuzikhusela, nangona xa i-influenza isasazeka ngokubanzi ngamaconti angenayo i-aerosolized . I-CDC nayo ikhuthaze imaski ekhethekileyo isetyenziswe kwi-H1N1 ngo-2009.
- Izilumkiso zomoya zibandakanya ukuhlukanisa isigulane kwisigxina esicinezelekileyo. Amagumbi anjalo akhankanywe emoyeni aze angakhange ahanjiswe kuwo nawaphi na amagumbi adibeneyo okanye igumbi ukuze ugcine wonke umntu ephephile.
- Izigulane kufuneka ziphume emagumbini abo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, zifake imaski.
- Nabani na ongena kwigumbi kufuneka agqoke imaski ekhethekileyo, i-mask N-95. Ezi maski ziyakucoca izicucu ezintle kakhulu. Bamele "bahlolisiswe ngokufanelekileyo" ukugqiba ukuba ngaba baya kuvimbela iintsholongwane ekungangeni kuzo. (Abo abanobuso obuncinane okanye ubunwele bobuso bangenakho ukufumana i-mask efanelekileyo).
- Kukho iifayile kunye nezibane ze-UV (Ultra-Violet) zokubulala izinto eziphilayo, ezifana ne-TB.
Ezinye izifo
Ezinye izifo zingasasazeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abanye bafuna iindlela ezininzi zokukhusela. I-Enterovirus idinga i-droplet kunye noqhagamshelwano; I-Ebola yenza njalo, kodwa ifuna iimfuneko zokuqhagamshelana neziqili.
Abanye abaqhelekanga basasazeka kwizibhedlele kodwa banako. Iimpawu zentsalane ezikhuselekileyo kunye nokuxilongwa kwegazi kuyadingeka ukuze ugweme ukusulelwa kwegazi, njenge-HIV kunye ne-Hepatitis B, kodwa kunye nezifo ezithwala i-vector. Ngokufanayo, izifo ezinjalo eziphathekayo, ezinokuthi zikhokelela, kufuneka zikhokele emanzini okulala okanye ezinye iindlela zokulinda, ezifana neendawo ezibhekiselele kwi-malaria ukuze kuphephe ukugqithwa kweminye phakathi kwezigulane kunye nabasebenzi abahlanganiswe ndawonye.
Kukho ezinye izifo ezinokusasazeka ngeendlela ezingahambelani nokunyamekela komonde.