I-Ophthalmologists kunye ne-optometrists zixilonga ukubola kwe-macular ngokulawula ezinye izimbangela zenguqu zenguquko , ezifana ne- glaucoma okanye i-astigmatism. Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwenziwa ngokuhlanganiswa kweemviwo zeklinikhi kunye neemvavanyo ezithile, ezifana nokufotowa kwe-retinal, i-angiography kunye ne-optical coherence tomography.
Ukuhlolwa kweehlo kunye novavanyo
Ukujonga ukuhlaselwa kwe-macular , i-ophthalmologist okanye i-optometrist iya kwenza uvavanyo lwamehlo olunzulu.
Ngokuphucula amehlo akho, ugqirha uya kukwazi ukubona umbono ophakamileyo we-macula. Ukufunda i-macula kunye nezinye izakhiwo zeso kuza kunceda ugqirha wakho enze i-diagnostic kwaye angabandakanya ezi zilandelayo mvavanyo.
I-Dilated Eye Exam
Ugqirha wakho uya kunciphisa abafundi bakho ngamaconsi esamehlo ukuze ubuke umva we- retina yakho. Ukuxilwa kwenza ukuba ugqirha ahlolisise i-retina ngezibonakaliso zesifo kunye nomonakalo we-optic. Ukuhlolwa kwe-retinal dilate kuvumela ugqirha ukuba abone umbono ophakamileyo we-macula.
Ugqirha wakho unokubheka ukubonakala okubonakalayo okubangelwa utshintsho lwamabala e-macula. Kwakhona, ukudlwengulwa kungabonwa. UDrus ubhekisela kwiifowuni ezibomvu ezifakela phantsi kwe-retina.
Ophthalmoscopy
I-ophthalmoscope isixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukuhlola izakhiwo zangaphakathi zeso, ingakumbi i-retina. Iqukethe isibuko esibonakalisa ukukhanya kwiso kunye nomngxuma ophakathi apho isohlo lihlolwe khona.
Ugqirha wakho uya kukwazi ukubona umonakalo okanye utshintsho kwi-retina kunye ne-macula.
Fluorescein Angiography
Oogqirha baya kusebenzisa indlela yokujoza idayi ekhethekileyo kwigazi, uze ulandele ukujikelezwa kwalo dye kweso lakho. Ukuba kuvela iiflethi ze-fluorescent, ugqirha wakho unokurhoxisa imithwalo yegazi ephumayo kwi-retina.
I-Optical Coherence Tomography
Kwakhona kuthiwa yi- OCT , lo vavanyo yindlela yokwenza i-optometrists kunye ne-ophthalmologists ukufanekisela umva kweso lakho, kubandakanywa i-macula, i-nertic optic, i-retina kunye ne-choroid. I-OCT iyakwazi ukubona imimandla ye-retina ecebileyo, ebonisa ubukho be-atrophy yelizwe. Uvavanyo lwe-OCT luyakwazi ukubonisa utshintsho kwi-retina kwiinkcukacha ezininzi kunanoma iyiphi enye into.
Tonometry
I-Tonometry kukuvavanya ukulinganisa ingcinezelo ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho, ekubhekiswa njengengcinezelo yamehlo ye-intraocular (IOP). Uxinzelelo lwamehlo oluphezulu lunokuyonakalisa iimbilini ezinobunzima emlenzeni lakho, ngamanye amaxesha kubangelwa ukuba ungaboni.
Nangona ukunyamezela kwamehlo okuphakanyisiweyo akuhambelani ngqo nomonakalo we-macular, kwenziwa ukulawula ezinye izifo, kuquka i-glaucoma. Oku kubalulekile ukwenzela ukuba iqinisekiswe ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ukulahleka kombono kuvela kwizifo ze-macular okanye ezinye iindawo zeso.
Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging
Le ndlela yokucinga isebenzisa umthambo womzimba we-fluorescence ukufunda i-retina. Izakhiwo ezithile zomzimba ziya kukhanya xa zibonakala zikhanya. Amacandelo e-atrophied yelihlo awayi kukhanya, oku kungabonisa ukuxilongwa kwe-macular degeneration.
Grid Amsler
I-ophthalmologist yakho ingakucela ukuba ubuke kwipridi ye-Amsler. Eli gridi liyakunceda uqaphele nayiphi na into ephazamisayo okanye engenabala kwindawo yakho yombono.
Uhlolo lokuzihlola / Uvavanyo lwekhaya
Utshintsho olukhawuleza kumbono wakho kufuneka lugqirwe kugqirha wakho, njengoko ngamanye amaxesha utshintsho lunokumakalisa ukuqala kwe-macular degeneration. Abanye abantu baqaphela ngokungaqhelekanga ukungqinelani xa bejonga izinto ezifana ne-miniblinds okanye ezinye izinto ngeendlela ezichanekileyo. Ezinye zeemigca zingenza i-apper ibe yi-wavy okanye ingahambelani nezinye iindlela. Unokukhawuleza ukuvavanya umboniso wakho ekhaya kunye negridi ye-Amsler.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-Amsler Grid
Igridi ye-Amsler kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo apho uya kukhangela khona imihla ngemihla, njengowomnyango wesibindi okanye udibene kwisikrini sokugezela.
Khangela ingqalelo kwigaladi emi malunga ne-12 ukuya kwe-15 intshi. Qiniseka ukuba ugqoke iziglasi zakho zokufunda ukuba uzigqoka rhoqo.
Ukugubungela iliso elinye, jonga ngqo kwinqatyana phakathi kwipridi ngeaso lakho elingaboniweyo. Qaphela ukuba nayiphi na imigca ibonakala ifakwe okanye iwashi. Kwakhona ujonge ukujonga ukuba nayiphi na inxalenye yegridi ibonakala ibonakala, idibene, okanye ingabikho. Ngoku gubungela elinye iliso uze uvavanye umbono wakho ngendlela efanayo.
Shayela i-ophthalmologist yakho okanye i-optometrist ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubona nayiphi na utshintsho kwi-grid. I-AMD ibangele ukuguquka kwembono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukunyanga olu tshintsho kwangoko kunokunceda ukuphuza okanye ukuthintela ukulahleka kombono. I-American Academy ye-Ophthalmology (AAO) inikezele ngegridi ye-Amsler ekulungeleyo ukuze ube lula.
Shedyuli lweeNkcazo zamehlo
I-American Academy ye-Ophthalmology incoma ukuba wonke umntu ophakathi kweminyaka engama-40 no-54 abe novavanyo olunzulu lwamehlo ubuncinane kwiminyaka emibili ukuya emine ukuze ancede ambone i-AMD ekuqaleni. Xa uneminyaka engama-55 ubudala, abantu abadala mabacwangcise ukuhlolwa kwamehlo nganye kwiminyaka emithathu.
Umthombo:
Boyd, Kierstan. "I-Macular Degeneration Diagnosis: I-AMD ifunyenwe njani?" I-American Academy ye-Ophthalmology, ngo-1 Matshi 2017.