Isizathu esona sizathu sokuhlaselwa kwe- macular , esibizwa ngokuba yi-AMD okanye i-ARMD (ukuguqulwa kwe-macular degeneration) ubudala, ayiyaziwa-into ephazamisayo kwizigulane kunye noogqirha ngokufanayo, njengoko imeko yimbangela ebangela ukulahleka kombono kunye nokungaboni kubantu baseMelika abaneminyaka engama-65 ubudala badala. Oko kwathiwa, kukho izinto ezinobungozi ze-AMD-ezinye zazo onokuzichaphazela kuyo, njengokutshaya, ukukhuluphala, kunye nokukhanya kwelanga, kunye nabanye ongenakukwazi, njengeminyaka yobudala nemfuza.
Izinto ezinobungozi eziqhelekileyo
Ubudala
Ubudala bubona bungozi obunobungozi obukhulu bokuhlaselwa kwe-macular. Amashumi amabini anesihlanu ekhulwini labantu abaphakathi kweminyaka yobudala engama-65 no-74 banokuhlaselwa komonakalo omkhulu, ngelixa lichaphazela ama-33 ekhulwini kulabo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-75.
Ngesini
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba unobungozi obuncinane bokuphuhliswa kwesifo se-macular ukuba ungumfazi.
Kubonakala kubakho inxibelelaniso phakathi kokuqala kwexesha lokusuka kwimizi kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-macular. Abasetyhini abanesiphelo sokusuka kwexesha lokuqala bahlakulela ukutshabalalisa kwama-macular maduze. Enyanisweni, kukho uphando oluphanda indima ye-estrogen kwi-macular treatment of degeneration.
Kwakhona, kuba abafazi bahlala bephila ixesha elide, basengozini enkulu yokufumana ukulahlekelwa kombono onzima xa befumene i-AMD kunamadoda anesimo, njengoko kuqhubeka kunye nexesha.
Genetics
Ukuhlaliswa kweMicrosoft ayinakunyaniseka, kodwa izinto eziza kuba negalelo zingadlala indima.
Imbali Yentsapho
Ukuba neenkcukacha zeentsapho ezinokuxhatshazwa kwe-macular ezidala ubudala ziye zaboniswa ukwandisa umngcipheko wakho ngama-50 ekhulwini. Ukuba unamalungu entsapho enokukhubazeka kwe-macular, kufuneka uqaphele ngakumbi ezinye izinto ezinobungozi kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uya kuhlola rhoqo.
Uhlanga
Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-macular ye-Age iyona nto ibangela ukuba ungaboni kakuhle kubantu baseMerika abamhlophe. Esi sifo asinqabile phakathi kwabantu bakwezinye iintlanga, kodwa kuya kwenzeka.
Umbala Wamehlo
Nangona engaziwa yintoni ebangela ukuba isifo, inani le-pigment ekhoyo kwiisisiti zeso lingadlala indima. Abantu abanemibala yamehlo ekhanyayo kubonakala bengoo mngcipheko omkhulu wokuhlaselwa kwe-macular kunabantu abanamehlo amnyama.
Izifo zeNkanyezi
Isifo esineenkwenkwezi yindlela eqhelekileyo yobunzima be-macular, echaphazela abantwana abayi-10 000 e-United States.
Kwi-Stargardt's disease, kukho i-defect defect eyenza ukuba i- photoreceptors yeli life. Ukulahleka kombono kuqala ngokukhawuleza kwaye kuqhube phambili ngokukhawuleza, kuphazamise umbono ophakathi kakhulu kangangokuba kubangele umntu ochaphazelekayo ukuba abe yimfama ngokusemthethweni ngenkathi egcina umbono wesiphelo.
Inokuthi ifunyenwe ukuba ineminyaka engama-6 ubudala kwaye iyaqaphela ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-20. Kunokwenzeka ukuba unesi sifo kwaye ungayazi de ube malunga no-40. Iimeko zichaphazela amadoda nabesifazane ngokulinganayo.
I-Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy kunye Nezifo Ezilungileyo
Ifomu yesibini exhaphakileyo yentsholongwane ye-macular ye-macular i-Vitelliform macular dystrophy, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Best disease xa iqala ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-6.
I-Vitelliform macular dystrophy yinto efa kuyo eya kuqala kuncinci kuneSifogardt's disease. Ukulahlekelwa kombono kungenakwenzeka okanye kungenzeki kwiinqanaba zokuqala. Kufunyaniswa ukubonwa kweetyhuphu eziluhlaza, ezinamafutha e-macula, ezifunyenweyo ekuhlolweni kwamehlo.
Iimeko zeMpilo
Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye neengqondo zentliziyo
Uxinzelelo lweengcinezelo kunye nezinye izifo zesifo senhliziyo kunye neemeko zandisa amathuba okuphuhliswa kwe-macular. Ukuchithwa kwe-Macular kudibene neenguqu ezininzi ezisezantsi kweso, kwaye kukholelwa ukuba izinto ezibangela izifo zentliziyo kunye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu unokuba negalelo kwi-macular degeneration.
Ukunyanya
Ukugqithisa kakhulu kunxulumene nokuphuhliswa kwe-macular ye-old age kodwa iifom ezinzima zesimo, njengendawo yokuhlaselwa kwamanzi kunye ne-neovascular macular, kodwa isizathu sokuba kungabikho khonkrithi.
Indlela yokuphila
Ezinye izinto zokuphila ziye zadibaniswa nokuphuhliswa kwe-macular degeneration:
Ukutshaya
Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukutshaya kwandisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa kwe-macular. Isizathu esicacileyo salokhu asicaci, kodwa ukutshaya kwandisa umngcipheko wesifo se-vascular ngokubanzi, kwaye i-blood vessel engafanelekanga yinxalenye enkulu yesifo kwisifo se-macular.
Ukuboniswa kwelanga
Ukuchitha ixesha elide kakhulu elangeni ngaphandle kwama-glass protective ultraviolet kubonakala ukukhawuleza ukuphuhliswa kwe-macular degeneration. Abaphengululi baye bafumanisa ukuba abantu abaneembali zexesha elide, elingakhuselekanga ekukhanyeni kwelanga babenamaxesha amaninzi okwehla kwesimo sezulu esingaphezu kwezinto ezingenalo.
Ukutya / Ukuntuleka kobutyebi
I-antioxidants inokukhusela iiseli zakho kumonakalo ochaphazelekayo, oyingxenye yempembelelo yemininzi yemiphumo yokuguga, kubandakanywa ukubola kwe-macular. Ukuba unamazinga aphantsi amavithamini kunye namaminerali afana ne-zinc, i-vitamin A, i-vitamin C, kunye ne-vitamin E, unokuba nomngcipheko ophezulu wokuphucula ukulahlekelwa kwimbono ehambelana nokuchithwa kwe-macular.
Izifundo zibonisa ukuba abantu abanesidlo esininzi sokutya badla ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba bahlakulele ukukhulelwa kwamanzi amaninzi, okuyiyo ifom ephakamileyo yesiko.
> Imithombo:
> DeAngelis MM, Owen LA, Morrison MA, et al. I-Genetics ye-macular degeneration enxulumene nobudala obudala (AMD). Hum Mol Genet. 2017 Agasti 1; 26 (R1): R45-R50. i-doi: 10.1093 / hmg / ddx228.
> Kim EK, Kim H, Vijayakumar A, Kwon O, Chang N. Amanyano phakathi kwezityalo kunye nemifuno, kunye ne-antioxidant nutrient intake kunye ne-age-related macular degeneration ngokumalunga nokubhema kubantu baseKorea abadala. UJoe J. 2017 Umqhi 4; 16 (1): 77. i-doi: 10.1186 / s12937-017-0301-2.
> Myers CE, Klein BE, Gangnon R, Sivakumaran TA, Iyengar SK, Klein R. Ukubhema i-cigarette kunye nembali yendalo yemvelo ye-macular inkunkuma: i-Beaver Dam Eye Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2014 Oct; 121 (10): 1949-55. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.ophtha.2014.04.040. Epub 2014 Juni 20.
> Woo SJ, Ahn J, Morrison MA, et al. Uhlalutyo lwezinto zobungozi beeGenesis kunye neZingqongileyo kunye nokusebenzisana kwabo kwiiKorea eziPhathelene nokuCandwa kweMicrosoft. PLoS One. 2015 Julayi 14; 10 (7): e0132771. i-doi: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pone.0132771. eCollection 2015.
> Xie J Ikram MK Cotch MF et al. Umbutho we-Diabetes Macular Edema kunye ne-Retinopathy ene-Diabetes Diabetes ne-Cardiovascular Disease: Uhlolo lokuHlola kunye nokuhlaziywa kweMeta. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017 Juni 1; 135 (6): 586-593. i-doi: 10.1001 / jamaophthalmol.2017.0988.